Development of a multimedia model (IIAQ-CC) to assess climate change influences on volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments

Chang, Lia,Lee, Yunah,Kim, Chan-Kook,Lee, Dong Soo Elsevier 2018 Building and Environment Vol.143 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An indoor air quality model (IIAQ-CC) was developed to assess climate change (CC) influences on indoor level of volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds. With IIAQ-CC, the CC influences is predicted in integrated manners by factors including fate/transport properties of pollutants, building characteristics, occupant behaviors, indoor emission sources, and outdoor air quality. IIAQ-CC was evaluated for the temperature sensitivity of indoor formaldehyde (FA) concentration at outdoor temperature below 20 °C. No significant difference (<I>t</I>-test, <I>p</I> < 0.05) was found between the predicted (3.9 ± 1.0%/<SUP>o</SUP>C) and the measured (5.0%/<SUP>o</SUP>C with a 95% confidence interval (3.7%/<SUP>o</SUP>C to 6.4%/<SUP>o</SUP>C)), demonstrating that IIAQ-CC can successfully predict CC influences driven by temperature change on VOCs of indoor environmental concern. IIAQ-CC predicts that the long-term FA concentration may slowly rise due to increase in the outdoor concentration or may decrease in the presence of strong indoor sources in RCP8.5 conditions of South Korea. In either case, the long-term change does not exceed 12% of the average FA concentration of the base period. Over a shorter period (e.g., a month), the FA level may noticeably rise (by about 4 times) when windows are closed due to exceedingly hot or cold weather. The FA concentration change is primarily governed by duration of windows kept open, which depends on outdoor temperature. That is, temperature manifests its effects on the indoor air quality essentially by change in window opening behavior rather than by changes in kinetics or equilibrium processes such as photo-degradation and sorption/desorption onto/from walls and floor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> IIAQ-CC was developed to assess climate change impacts on indoor pollution level. </LI> <LI> IIAQ-CC predicts well temperature dependence of formaldehyde concentration change. </LI> <LI> Long-term formaldehyde levels digress within 12% of that in base period. </LI> <LI> Monthly mean formaldehyde levels increase up to 4 times under RCP8.5 conditions. </LI> <LI> Window opening behavior in response to temperature governs the indoor air quality. </LI> </UL> </P>

제왕절개술을 위한 경막외 마취시 술전 투여 수액이 신생아 혈당치에 미치는 영향

이혜원,김선희,신정순,장성호,임혜자,채병국 대한마취과학회 1993 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.26 No.4

It is common for patient undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia to have lower blood pressure because of not only supine hypotension syndrome but vasodilation due to sympathetic blockade. So it is necessary to give large volume of fluid before perfarming epidural anesthesia to prevent hypotension. When we use the dextrose containing fluid for that purpose, newborn baby could have a high blood glucose at delivery and low blood glucose level due to high insulin level after birth. The authors examined the blood glucose level at delivery and two hours after birth following use of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringers solution(HD group, n=24) or lactated Ringers solution (HS group, n=24) for prevention of hypotension during epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. The results were as follows; 1) The total amount of fluid was 789.6±264.2 ml in HD group and 741.1±253.5 ml in HS group. 2) The glucose level of mother at delivery was 300.9±76.3 mg/dl in HD group and 98.7±24.6 mg/dl in HS group and there wastistical significance(p$lt;0.01). 3) In HD group, the glucose level of newborn baby was 212.2±57.2 mg/dl at delivery and 465.±20.3 mg/dl at 2 hours after birth. The change of amount during 2 hours after birth was highly related to the glucose level at birth. Higher level of glucose at birth, larger amount of change during 2 hours after birth. 4) In HS group, the glucose level of newborn baby was 66.8±10.2 mg/dl at birth and 67.0±12.1 mg/dl at 2 hours after birth. There was no significant change.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

A Multicenter Analysis of Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcomes of POEMS Syndrome in Korea

Kook Hye Won,Jang Ji Eun,Min Chang-Ki,Yoon Dok Hyun,Kim Kihyun,Bang Soo-Mee,Park Yong,Lee Jae Hoon,Yoon Sung-Soo,Kim Jin Seok 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.2

Background: POEMS syndrome is a rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal proteins, and skin changes. Owing to its low incidence, there are few reports regarding this syndrome. This multicenter study included 84 patients diagnosed with POEMS syndrome in South Korea. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 84 patients diagnosed with POEMS syndrome at 8 hospitals in South Korea between January 2000 and October 2022. The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results: The median patient age was 53 years (range, 26–77 years), and 63.1% of the patients were male. All patients had peripheral neuropathy, and 81 (96.4%) had monoclonal plasma cell proliferation. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels were available for 32 patients with a median of 821 pg/mL (range, 26–12,900 pg/mL). Other common features included skin changes (54.2%), volume overload (71.4%), and organomegaly (72.6%). Of the 84 patients, 75 received initial treatment (local radiotherapy, 6 [8.0%]; chemotherapy, 17 [22.7%]; both chemotherapy and local radiotherapy, 9 [12.0%]), upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), 43 (57.3%; with induction chemotherapy, n = 12, 16.0%; without induction chemotherapy, n = 31, 41.3%). The median follow-up duration was 40.7 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 78%, and the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 55%. Patients who underwent upfront ASCT and were diagnosed after 2014 had a longer OS and PFS. Conclusion: The demographics of Korean patients with POEMS syndrome were similar to those reported previously. Because of the introduction of new treatment agents and the reduced rate of transplant-related mortality related to ASCT, the treatment outcomes of Korean patients with POEMS syndrome have improved in recent years.

악성종양에서 골수면역신티그라피를 이용한 골수전이의 평가 : 99mTc-MDP 뼈스캔과의 비교

고창순(Chang Soon Koh),김노경(Noe Kyeong Kim),김병국(Byoung Kook Kim),최창운(Chang Woon Choi),정준기(Jun Key Chung),방영주(Yung Jue Bang),이경한(Kyung Han Lee),정홍근(Hong Keun Chung),이명철(Myoung Chul Lee) 대한핵의학회 1994 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.28 No.1

N/A Although bone scan is a highly sensitive test for detecting bone metastasis, its findings are often limited in specificity and cannot be used for assessing the bone marrow. Bone marrow scintigraphy may provide useful information but previous experience with radiolabelled colloid has been disappointing. Recently, 99mTc labeled anti-granulocyte rnonoclonal antibody (anti-NCA-95 MAb) has been introdueed as a new bone marrow imaging agent. To evaluate the usefulness of 99mTc anti-NCA MAb bone marrow scans for detecting skeietal metastasis, bone marrow scans of 44 malignant tumor patients were evaluated and compared with bone scan fmdings. Bone scan showed abnormal lesions in 26(59%) cases, and 18 of these patients also had an abnormal bone marrow scan. Seven of the 8 patients who had normal bone marrow scan despite bone scan lesions were confirmed to be free from metastasis. There was one case with a marrow defect despite normal bone scan but the presence of metastasis was not determined due to loss of follow up. Bone scan demonstrated a total of 64 lesions while bone marrow scan showed 38 lesions. Fifty percent (32/64) of the bone scan lesions had matching marrow defects while the rernaining 50% did not. Most of these non matched lesions were suggested to be nonspecific 1esions such as rib fractures or degenerative change. Meanwhile bone marrow scan was able to detect 6 new lesions not detected by bone scan, but metastasis in each lesion was not confirmed. Bone marrow scan was also helpful in assessing equivocal bone scan lesions to be of metastatic nature in 10 patients by demonstrating a matched marrow defect. Thus 99mTc anti-NCA MAb bone marrow scan can help exclude metastasis in patients with nonspecific bone scan lesions and may be able to detect metastatic lesions not seen with bone scan. It appears useful as a complementary study to bone scan in evaluating malignant tumor patients.

리스페리돈과 올란자핀이 투여된 정신과 환자들에서 간 효소 변화에 대한 후?적 연구

임현국,배치운,박석준,김정진,이창욱,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.3

간경병증 환자에서 복수천자가 폐기능에 미치는 영향

김성국,정준모,최용환,김영탁,권영오,이창형,최성곤,금민수 대한간학회 1997 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.3 No.1

Background/Aims : Paracentesis is an acceptable therapeutic modality for the symptomatic relief of dyspnea or abdominal fullness due to tense ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Whereas studies about the effects of paracentesis focused on the changes about hemodynamics, electrolytes and renal function in great detail, the effects of paracentesis on the changes about respiratory system have undergone limited investigations which are defined large-volume paracentesis. Methods .' We performed pulmonary function tests with arterial blood gas analysis just before and 24 hr after paracentesis. The paracentesis of average 2,300ml was carried out in ten liver cirrhosis patients with tense ascites who were free from underlying cardiopulmonary impairment. Results '. 1. The results of pulmonary function test just before paracentesis were as followings; FVC( functional vital capacity), FEV1(forced expiratory volume in 1 sec), FEF25 75(forced expiratory effort 25% 75%) and TLC(total lung capacity) were decreased as 78%, 79%, 62.3% and 89% of normal control value respectively, whereas RV(residual volume) was not decreased. DLCO(lung diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide)was decreased as 61.6%. 2. The results of pulmona function test 24 hr after paracentesis were as followings,' The symptomatic relief of dyspnea was achieved in all participated ten patients. Among lung volume parameters, FVC and VC were increased significantly(p=0.003, p=0.004). Whereas TLC was increased without statistical significance(p=0.228), and RV and FRC(functional residual capacity) showed no change. FEV1 was increased significantly(p=0.039), but FEF25 75 and the ratio of FEF1/FVC showed no change. DLCO was not increased. PaOy(partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood) was impr'oved without statistical significance. Conclusions .' These results suggest that the patients of liver cirrhosis with ascites have restrictive ventilatory impairment with additional obstructive ventilatory impairment. After paracentesis, the restrictive ventilatop impairment is improved by the relief of diaphragmatic motion limitation caused by ascites. Also, paracentesis of(not large volume, like 5000ml, but) relatively small volume, of 2000 3000ml can achieve objective improvement of dyspnea due to tense ascites.

악성종양에서 골수면역신티그라피를 이용한 골수전이의 평가 : $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 뼈스캔과의 비교

이경한,최창운,방영주,정준기,정홍근,이명철,김병국,김노경,고창순,Lee, Kyung-Han,Choi, Chang-Woon,Bang, Yung-Jue,Chung, Jun-Key,Chung, Hong-Keun,Lee, Myoung-Chul,Kim, Byoung-Kook,Kim, Noe-Kyeong,Koh, Chang-Soon 대한핵의학회 1994 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.28 No.1

Although bone scan is a highly sensitive test for detecting bone metastasis, its findings are often limited in specificity and cannot be used for assessing the bone marrow. Bone marrow scintigraphy may provide useful information but previous experience with radiolabelled colloid has been disappointing. Recently, $^{99m}Tc$ labeled anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody (anti-NCA-95 MAb) has been introduced as a new bone marrow imaging agent. To evaluate the usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$ anti-NCA MAb bone marrow scans for detecting skeletal metastasis, bone marrow scans of 44 malignant tumor patients were evaluated and compared with bone scan findings. Bone scan showed abnormal lesions in 26(59%) cases, and 18 of these patients also had an abnormal bone marrow scan. Seven of the 8 patients who had normal bone marrow scan despite bone scan lesions were confirmed to be free from metastasis. There was one case with a marrow defect despite normal bone scan but the presence of metastasis was not determined due to loss of follow up. Bone scan demonstrated a total of 64 lesions while bone marrow scan showed 38 lesions. Fifty percent (32/64) of the bone scan lesions had matching marrow defects while the remaining 50% did not. Most of these non matched lesions were suggested to be nonspecific lesions such as rib fractures or degenerative change. Meanwhile bone marrow scan was able to detect 6 new lesions not detected by bone scan, bit metastasis in each lesion was not confirmed. Bone marrow scan was also helpful in assessing equivocal bone scan lesions to be of metastatic nature in 10 patients by demonstrating a matched marrow defect. Thus $^{99m}Tc$ anti-NCA MAb bone marrow scan can help exclude metastasis in patients with nonspecific bone scan lesions and may be able to detect metastatic lesions not seen with bone scan. It appears useful as a complementary study to bone scan in evaluating malignant tumor patients.

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적: 천장골염의 유무가 척추 관절염의 진단에 중요한데 단순 골반 검사에서 변화가 없는 환자를 대상으로 MRI를 이용하여 천장골염의 조기변화 소견 및 MRI방법에 따른 장점을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 단순 골반 검사에서 천장골염 유무가 확실하게 구분되지 않은 혈청 음성 척추 관절염 환자 26명을 대상으로 MRI를 시행하고 염증의 주침범위치를 천측과 장측, 관절의 상하로 구분하고, MRI방법에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 조영 증강되는 판누스를 관찰할 수 있었고, Grade I 이하에서는 장골측과 관절하부, 인대성 관절보다 활막성 관절을 더 많이 침범하였다. Grade II 이상에서도 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 많았으나 인대성 관절을 Grade I이하에서보다 더 많이 침범하였다. 관절 주변 지방 침착역시 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 주로 침범하였고 Grade II 이상에서 약간 더 많았다. 관절 주변 골염은 Grade 0에서는 없었고, Grade I에서는 주로 장골측과 관절 하부에서 92%가 양성이었고, Grade II에서는 93%에서, Grade III에서는 64%에서 양성으로, 장골측을 주로 침범하였으나 관절 상하부의 구분은 없었다. 인대성 천장골 관절은 Grade I 이하에서 38%, II 이상에서는 94%에서 침범하였다. 관절 주변 골염과 지방 침착, 그리고 판누스의 관찰에는 MPGR보다 스핀에코 영상이 좋았고, 관절면의 불규칙성 또는 관절강의 확대와 관절 강직여부의 관찰에는 스핀에코에 비해 MPGR 영상이 좋았고, 연골하 경화는 비슷하였다. 천장골염의 정도와 ESR, CRP와의 연관성은 없었다. 걸론: 천장골 관절에서 염증의 시작은 주로 장골 측과 관절의 하부에서 먼저 시작되고, 관절이 진행될수록 장골측에서 천골측까지로 범위가 확대 되었다. MRI방법에 의한 차이로 초기단계에는 스핀에코 영상이 관절염을 확인하는데 도움이 되고 관절면이 불규칙하게 되고 경화가 되어 병이 진행된 상태에서는 MPGR영상이 진단에 더 도움이 되었다. 염증성 배부 동통이 있는 경우 단순 골반 검사에서 이상이 없는 환자인 경우에도 MRI 검사를 시행하여 천장골염의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

95학년도 2학년 학생의 인성 특성의 분석

장국진,이인경 용인대학교 학생생활연구소 1996 학생생활연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze and understand sophomores personaliy traits and to help their adjustments to university life and soceity in harmony, using Personality Trait Test. The results were as followings. First, for overall distribution of response, scores of seven traits in descriptive scale were distributed between percentile and 60 percentile of normal range. Three traits in clinical scale were distributed between 30 percentile and 92 percentile. Second, comparing between responses in 1994 and those in 1995, there were similar patterns in descriptive pattern between them. The tendency in psychosis and anti-social behavior increased whereas the tendency in psychoneurosis decreased. Third, each college revealed its unique profile. Forth, percentage of the expected adjusting Problem (below 25 percentile in descriptive scale and above 75 percentile in clinical scale) showed as following; for descriptive scale, 24.7% in activity, 25.7% in stability, 18.9% in dominance, 28.2% in reflectiveness, 12.5% in sociality, 23.6% in autonomy, 25.8% in achievement, for clinical scale, 0.4% in psychoneurosis, 43.8% in psychosis, 70.2% in anti-social personality. Fifth, there were no significant differences among colleges in descriptive scale, while there were significant differences in clinical scale. In addition, implication and suggestions for further study were discussed based on the results.