정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Key Ethical Issues and Hindrances to Ethical Behavior in Korean Insurance Industry

Lee, Kyung-Lyong,Lee, Bong-Joo,Lee, Han-Duck 서강대학교 경영연구소 2004 서강경영논총 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to investigate key ethical issues and hindrances to ethical behavior faced by professionals working in Korean insurance industry. For this purpose, conducted is a survey of actuaries in a variety of positions in insurance companies and insurance related institutions. The findings also are compared to those of American studies. Actuaries' perceptions of the key ethical issues tend to be restricted to actuarial aspects such as insufficient legal authority to perform professional services in an ethical manner and failure to get adequate ethics training program. But some issues arising in marketing are considered significant similar to the U.S. As a whole, key ethical issues and challenges are not significantly different from the viewpoints of actuaries working in the life and non-life insurance business. Regarding key hindrances to ethical behavior, the 15 factors are presented such as competitive pressures, performance-based evaluation and unethical demand made by clients. These findings are generally similar to those of the U.S. studies.

2자유도 PI 제어기를 이용한 BLDC 전동기의 벡터제어에 관한 연구

이종현,성낙규,이상집,이승환,오봉환,이훈구,한경희 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This paper describes the speed control method of BLDC Motor using TDOF PI ( Tow-degree of freedom PI ). PI control method generally used has difficulty in efficient speed control because speed response and load torque response interfere each other. It can't decrease the overshoot of motor speed w rm, and shorten the response time of load torque TL, at the same time according to the step alternation of speed reference w rm. Therefore TDOF PI is applied to BLDC Motor in order to supply these weak points of PI control method in this paper. TDOF PI can get the torque characteristic of short response time as well as stable and prompt speed adjustment by separate control for speed response and load torque response. The results from the tests of C program simulation and system construction show that TDOF PI is superior to PI control system in speed adjustment and load torque response.

활성화 C 단백 내성검사의 정도관리와 한국인의 양성률

이영경,박성섭,이유경,이진숙,함천경,주세익,윤근영,박선양,조한익 대한임상병리학회 1996 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.16 No.6

하루 콩단백질 25g 섭취를 위한 메뉴작성 및 영양성분 분석

한재숙,김정애,서봉순,이연정,서향순,조연숙,한경필,이신정,오옥희,우경자,조은자,구성자,김수진,李承彦,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop menus for daily intake of 25g soybean protein and to analyse nutrients of these foods. Analytical values were compared to the theoretical one using the food composition table and recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th revision). The results are as follows. 1. Soybean curd residue stew, Soybean curd, Kimchi saute, and hard boiled soybean and lotus root were selected for the menu for January, of which the content of soy bean protein(SBP) was 33.1g, soybean stew, soybean curd and soybean sprout saute, and Italian deep fried soybean curd were for February, of which the content of SBP was 35.0g. The content of SBP in soybean paste soup with soybean curd, fried soybean curd and fried soybean curd roll, the menu for March, was 24.9g. That of April were soybean curd gratin with soymilk, soybean curd and ham with garlic dressing and the content of SBP was 26.3g. That of May were soybean porridge, soybean flour cake with honey (Dasik), soybean sprout soup and the content of SBP was 26.7g. That of June were soymilk, pan-fried soybean curd, steamed soybean curd with chicken and the content of SBP was 28.4g. That of July were noodle with soymilk, mapatofu, soybean curd salad and the content of SBP was 24.7g. That of August were soybean sprout with mustard dressing, Tossed green pepper with raw soybean flour, Tofu and Kimchi stew, soybean curd steak and the content of SBP was 26.2g. That of September were Chinese cabbage soup with raw soybean flour, sweet and sour tofu and the content of SBP was 23.2g. That of Oct. were Fermented soybean stew, soybean pan cake and the content of SBP was 24.3g. That of November were not-pressed soybean curd casserole, pan-fried mashed soybean curd with egg, stir frying deep-fried soybean curd with vegetables and the content of SBP was 22.4g. That of December were soybean curd and mushroom casserole, fried soybean curd and vegetables, hard boiled soybean curd and the content of SBP was 28.9g. 2. The ratio of the analytical value over theoretical value (A/B%) of one serving in kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were 57.7~107.7%, 42.9~131.9%, 79.2~118.3%, 54.5~100%, 40.7~80.8% and 42.1~113.2%, respectively. 3. The ratio of A/B% of one serving in Ca, K, Na, P and Fe were 44.1~93.6%, 59.0~153.1%, 53.1~117.7% 64.6%~138.8 and 33.8~77.3%, respectively. That in Fe was the lowest among minerals. 4. The ratio of analytical value over Korean R.D.A(A/C%) in Ca was relatively higher (22.0~85.9%) than that in kcal(18~63%). 5. The ratio of A/C% in Fe was 25.1~64.3% and lower than that in Ca and protein in general.

역도 경기기록과 체격 및 체력과의 관계 연구

안정헌,안병훈,이창수,이한경 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1998 武道硏究所誌 Vol.9 No.1

This study, to examine the interrelation between the physique physical fitness and the game records by identifying ideal physical state, measured physique and fitness of weight lifters. It was also proposed for this date to help select middle school players. The results were as follows; 1) The interrelation between the physiqueㆍfitness of middle school students and the game records. (1) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelation in the sitting height, the left right arm, the left right calf, the left right leg, the breast, the waist, and the hips. (2) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the fitness and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left right grasping power, the Back muscular strength, the vertical jump, the standing long jump, and the truck extensor. (3) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the sitting height, the left right upper arms, the left right leg, the left right calf, the breast, the waist, and the hips. (4) Seeing the degree of interrelation of fitness and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left grasping power, the Back muscular strength, the standing long jumo, and the truck extensor. 2) The interrelation between the physiqueㆍfitness of high school students and the game records (1) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the sitting height, the left right upper arms, the left right leg, the right calf, the breast, and the hips. (2) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the fitness and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left right grasping power, the vertical jump, and standing long jump. (3) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the sitting height, the left right upper arms, the left right leg, the right calf, and the gips. (4) Seeing the degree of interrelation of interrelation of the fitness and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left right grasping power, the vertical jump, and the standing long jump. 3) The interrelation between the physiqueㆍfitness of college studentsㆍadults and the game records (1) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the sitting height, the left right upper arms, the left right leg, the right calf, the breast, and the hips. (2) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the fitness and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left right grasping power, the side step, and the Berpee test. (3) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the sitting height, the left right upper arms, the left right leg, the right calf, the breast, the waist and the hips. (4) Seeing the degree of interrelation of interrelation of the fitness and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left right grasping power, the side step, the Berpee test and the vertical jump. 4) The interrelation between the physiqueㆍfitness of the whole group and the game records (1) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the sitting height, the left right upper arms, the left right leg, the right calf, the waist, and the hips. (2) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the fitness and the snatch records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left right grasping power, the Back muscular strength, the vertical jump, and standing long jump the truck extensor, the trunk flexor, and the side step. (3) Seeing the degree of interrelation of the physique and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the sitting height, the left right upper arms, the left right leg, the right calf, the breast, the waist and the hips. (4) Seeing the degree of interrelation of interrelation of the fitness and the clean and jerk records, there were statistically meaningful interrelations in the left right grasping power, the vertical jump, and the standing long jump the turck extensor, the trunk flexor, and the side step.

공원묘지 유실에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이한영,윤중진,이원태,김종열,이영석,서재관,최득린,서지석,이혜경 大韓法醫學會 1992 대한법의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Individual identification of severely decomposed or skeletonized bodies is an important part in medicolegal field. 142 bodies were torn up and carried away by flood in a park cemetry, Kwang-Ju, Kyunggi province, Korea at Sept., 10, 1990. The authors examed the 56 bodies, which were gained, through medical, anthropological, odontological, radiological methods, and superimposition for individual identification. Among them, 41 cases were successfully identified, and remaining 15 cases were not identified because of sever destruction and no adequate information.

한국재래흑염소에서 발정 및 과배란 유도와 외래유전자 주입에 적합한 1세포기 수정란의 채취

신상태,이두환,김명철,이운규,이철상,한용만,이경광 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1998 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Three different treatments for induction of estrus in Korean native black goats were compared: follicle stimulating hormone(FSH, FSH-p^TM), FSH combined with MAP(intravaginal impregnated sponges, Veramix^ⓡ, containing 60 ㎎ medroxy progesterone acetate for 14 days), and FSH combined with progesterone(Ovaron^ⓡ, 10 ㎎ IM for 10 days) and PGF_2α(Lutalyse^ⓡ, 3 ㎎ IM at first FSH injection). FSH for inducing estrus and superovulation was given a total 20 ㎎ intramuscularilly in decreasing dosage injections twice daily over 4 days. The MAPs were withdrawn at the 3rd day of FSH injection. Estrus observations were conducted every 6 hours from last FSH injection for 24 hours by placing the does with fertile male goats. Estrus and superovulation were more successfully induced with treatment of MAP + FSH than other treatments(FSH only, or progesterone + PGF_2α + FSH) (estrus induction; 100 vs 42.8 and 71.4%, ovulation points; 11.4 vs 5.4 and 4.4, respectively). The effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) on the ovulation rate was also examined. However, no difference was observed for inducing ovulation with treatment or dosage(100 ㎍ 200 ㎍) of GnRH. Low midline laparotomies were performed, and then ovarian responses (ovulations and follicular development) were examined by exteriorization of the reproductive tracts. Ova were recovered from oviducts by retrograde flushing 60-146 hours after MAP removal, and were classified the developmental stages. Overall 66.1% (236/357) of recovery rate was obtained from 30 superovulated does. The optimal recovery time of microinjectable 1-cell zygotes was approximately 72-76 hours after MAP removal.

협동적 신체활동이 유아의 자아개념 향상에 미치는 효과

김한나 ( Kim Han Nah ),이경화 ( Lee Kyung-hwa ) 한국실천유아교육학회(구 한국Montessori교육학회) 2018 실천유아교육 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 협동적 신체활동이 유아의 자아개념 향상에 효과적인지 목적을 두고 이를 확인하고자 실험연구를 실시하였다. 연구의 대상은 서울에 위치한 국공립어린이집에 재원중인 만 4세 유아를 대상으로 하였다. 이중 실험집단은 H어린이집에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 13명, 통제집단은 J어린이집에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 13명이다. 실험집단 유아들은 6주 동안 주 2회씩, 총 12회의 협동적 신체활동 프로그램에 참여하였고, 통제집단 유아들은 6주 동안 만 4세 누리교육과정 신체활동에 참여하였다. 유아의 자아개념 측정을 위한 도구로 이경화, 고진영(2015)의‘유아용 자아개념 검사’를 사용하였고, 분석은 SPSS WIN 24.0 프로그램을 이용하여 집단별 차이검증 t-test를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 협동적 신체활동 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단이 누리교육과정의 신체활동에 참여한 통제집단 보다 유아의 총 자아개념이 향상된 것이 확인되었다. 둘째, 하위영역별 자아개념에 있어서는 협동적 신체활동 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단이 누리교육과정의 신체활동에 참여한 통제집단 보다 인지적 자아, 사회적 자아, 신체적 자아 영역에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 점수가 확인되었으나, 정의적 자아 영역에서는 실험집단과 통제집단 간에 유의한 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 협동적 신체활동 프로그램이 누리교육과정의 신체활동보다 유아의 자아개념을 향상시키는데 긍정적인 효과가 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cooperative physical activities on the self-concept of young children. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted to determine whether cooperative physical activities are effective in improving the self-concept(physical, cognitive, social, emotional) of young children. This study used the standardized 'Self-concept examination for young children', produced by Lee Kyung-Wha and Ko Jin-young (2015), as a tool for measuring the self-concept of young children. The pre- and post-test were conducted through individual interviews using free-choice activity time and after-school hours in both experimental group and control group. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, it was confirmed that the overall self-concept of the children in the experimental group participating in the cooperative physical activities program improved more than the self-concept of the children in the control group participating in the physical activities of the Nuri curriculum. Secondly, in the sub-domains of self-concept, the experimental group participating in the cooperative physical activities program showed a statistically higher score in the cognitive self, social self, and physical self than the control group participating in physical activities of the Nuri curriculum, but there was no significant difference in emotional self-concept between the experimental group and the control group. The results of this study showed that the cooperative physical activities program had a more positive effect on the improvement of the self-concept of young children than the physical activities of the Nuri curriculum, and it is suggested that if cooperative physical activities are actively used in the education field of young children, the children's self-concept can be improved more effectively.

요골동맥을 이용한 관동맥 조영술의 유용성

윤정한,이승환,이한요,김장영,김일회,최윤종,이형준,이명옥,김승년,황성오,홍인수,최경훈 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.10