갑상선 세포에서 전사보조활성인자인 CBP와 CIITA의 인터페론-감마 활성 부위에 대한 조절 : CBP and CIITA on GAS(Interferon- γ Activated Site)-Mediated Transcription in Thyroid Cells

채수흥,홍우정,김군순,조영석,김도희,김현진,구본정,송민호,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.1

Background : In the previous stuides, we identified that the interferon-r activated sequence (GAS) in the 5-flanking region of rat ICAM-1 gene is major element for interferon-r-inducible expression of the gene in rat thyroid cells, FRTL-5. We here, investigated the role of transcriptional coactivators, CBP(CREB binding protein) and CⅡTA (class Ⅱ transactivator) in the modulation of the activity of GAS which could interacts with signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 and 3 (STAT1 and STAT3). Methods : The expression of CBP RNA and protein were quantitated in FRTL-5 after stimulation with interferon-r (IFN-r), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), forskolin and methimazole. Direct association of CBP with STAT were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. The transcriptional roles of CBP and CⅡTA in the regulation of GAS were assessed by the cotransfection with their expression vectors with reporters; 5-deletion constructs of rat ICAM-1 promoter or 8xGAS-luc constructs, into FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Results : The level of CBP RNA and protein were not changed by the treatment with TSH, IFN-r, forskolin and methimazole in FRTL-5, FRT and BRL liver cells. The CBP could be directly associated with STAT1. Furthermore, the overexpression of CBP significantly increases the both promoter activities; rat ICAM-1 gene promoter which has GAS element and 8xGAS-luc cassette constructs. However, the cotransfection of CⅡTA decreased the constitutive and CBP-mediated transactivation of rat ICAM-1 promoter and 8xGAS-luc cassette constructs. Conclusion : We identified that the two tanscriptional coactivators; CBP and CⅡTA has differential roles in the regulation of transcriptional activity of GAS drived promoter. CBP increases the GAS activity through the direct binding with STAT1, but CⅡTA inhibited the CBP-mediated transactivation of GAS activity.

HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제에 의한 ICAM-1 유전자의 발현조절

김현진,정효균,홍우정,김군순,조영석,김도희,채수흥,구본정,송민호,노흥규,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.1

Background : ICAM-1 act as one of major adhesion molecules in the atherosclerotic lesion. ICAM-1 expression is mainly regulated at the level of transcription and depend on IFN-γ signal transduction pathway in which the STAT1 transcrption factor is a critical intermediate. IFN-γreceptor not only initiates tyrosine 701 phosphorylation of STAT1 by Jak1 and Jak2, but also phosphorylates serine 727 through the activation of Raf-1/MAP kinases. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have anti-atherosclertic effects, beyond normalization of hypercholesterolemia, by directly acting on endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates such as geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate or farnesylpyrophosphate. These effects results inhibitors suppress the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates such as geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate or farnesylpyrophosphate. These effects results inhibition posttranslational farnesylation and geranyl-geranylation processing of small GTP-binding preoteins and inhibition of normal signaling activities. Method : We made several 5'-deletion constructs of rat ICAM-1 promoter and analyzed the promoter activities by measuring the luciferase activity after transfection into ECV304 cells and smooth muscle cells. We checked the level of total and phosphorylated STAT1 protein by immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies. Results : Lovastatin inhibits IFN-γ-induced ICAM-1 gene expression in the ECV304cell. The cells pretreated with PD98059, MEKK inhibitor showed significantly low ICAM-1 RNA induction with IFN-γ stimulatio. IFN-γ induced phosphorylation of tyrosine 701 was not significantly changed by the pretreatment of lovastatin. But lovastatin suppresses IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 which are responsible for the seine 727 phosphorylation in STAT1. Conclusion : We showed that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lovastatin, suppresses IFN-γ mediated ICAM-1 gene expression through the inhibition of transcription. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor suppresses IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of serine 727 in STAT1 through the modulation of MAP kinases.

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.

발열을 동반한 호중구감소증에서 Cefepime 단독투여와 Ceftazidime 및 Tobramycin 병합투여의 효능비교

정현욱,채제욱,강미라,양정채,문치숙,기현균,장현하,오원섭,김기현,백경란,이남용,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 국내에서 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자에게 경험적 항생제로 베타락탐계 항생제와 아미노배당체의 병합요법의 사용이 일반적이다. Cefepime은 광범위 항균 작용을 가지고 있어, 그람 음성균 뿐만 아니라 그람 양성균에 대해서도 우수한 효과를 나타낸다. 재료 및 방법: 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자를 대상으로 무작위, 공개, 비교 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 환자를 무작위로 cefepime 단독요법군과 ceftazidime 및 tobramycin 병합요법군으로 나누어 투여하고 각각의 임상적 효능과 안전성을 비교하였다. 구강및 인후 점막염이 있는 환자에서 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균에 대한 항생제 내성 정도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 대상환자 89명 중 CA 투여군이 48예(53.9%), CT 투여군이 41예(46.1%)이었다. 발열의 유형별로 MDI는 18예(20.2%), CDI는 9예(10.1%), UF는 62예(69.7%)로 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 임상적 호전률은 시험약 투여 후 2-4일째 각각 91.7%, 85.4% (P=0.31), 치료 종료 시 각각 91.7%, 100% (P=0.15)로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 치료 종료 시 CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 세균학적 소실률은 모두 100%로 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.78). 점막염이 있는 환자로부터 녹색 연쇄알 구균이 분리된 경우는 25예(28.1%)이었으며, 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균은 penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, vancomycin에 모두 감수성을 보였다. 약제 관련 이상 반응의 발생 빈도도 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자의 경험적 항생제로서 cefepime 단독요법은 ceftazidime 및 아미노배당체의 병합요법만큼 효과적이고 안전하였다. Background : Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has been recommended as an empirical regimen in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin with good activity against both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. Materials and Methods : To compare the efficacy and safety of cefepime alone with ceftazidime plus tobramycin as empirical regimen for adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia, a randomized, open label, comparative trial was performed. If the patient showed clinical improvent 72 hours, antibiotic could be changed to oral ciprofloxacin. Clinical and microbiological responses were determined at 72 hours and at the end of therapy. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of viridans streptococci, swab cultures were obtained from throat in all enrolled patients and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using microdilution method according to the NCCLS. Results : A total of 89 patients were enrolled. Forty-eight patients received cefepime alone (CA), and 41 patients received ceftazidime plus tobramycin (CT). Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups (P>0.05). The initial clinical success rate at day 2-4 in group CA (91.7%) was similar with that in CT group (85.4%) (P=0.31). At the end of therapy, the final clinical success rate in CA group (91.7%) was similar to that in CT group (100%) (P=0.15). In 18 patients, with microbiologically defined infections, the eradication rate was 100% in both groups. Adverse events including liver dysfunction (21.3%) and renal dysfunction (2.2%), were similar in both groups (P=0.87). Viridans streptococci were isolated from the throat cultures in 25 cases, and all of these strains were susceptible to penicillin (MIC_(90) 0.12 ㎍/mL), cefepime (1 ㎍/mL), and vancomycin (0.12 ㎍/mL). Conclusion : Efficacy and safety of cefepime monotherapy was comparable to the combination of ceftazidime and tobramycin. It could be used as an alternative empirical regimen for treating cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.

AC8A-T6 알루미늄 合金材의 切削加工 特性에 關한 硏究

최현민,김경우,김우순,김용환,김동현,채왕석 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

In this study, examined the cutting characteristics of alumuminum alloy AC8A-T6 that is used to present car piston materials. And in been holding materials machining empirically escape as result that experiment comparison changing the cutting speed and feed on various condition to choose efficient machining condition. The following results can be summarized from this research. 1.As the cutting speed decreased, principal cutting force and thrust cutting force is increased, and reason that cutting force interacts greatly in the low cutting speed is thought by result by BUE's stabilization. 2.The feed speed and cutting speed increase, friction factor is decrescent and the cause appeared the thrust cutting force is fallen than cutting force relatively because chip flow according to increase of the feed rate is constraint. 3.Though specific cutting resistance grows cutting area and the feed rate are few, the cause was expose that shear angle decreases by rake face of tool gets into negative angle remarkably as wear of a cutting tool or defect part of workpiece is cut. 4.Cutting speed do greatly depth of cut is slow, surface roughness examined closely through an experiment that becomes bad, and know that it can get good surface that process cutting speed because do feed rate by 0.1㎜/rev low more than 250m/min to get good surface roughness can.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

췌장염에 의한 가성낭종내에 생긴 가성동맥류 : 1례 보고

오연희,이채경,김승현,이성우,양창현,이정호,이영현 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

만성 췌장염의 합병증으로 생긴 가성동맥류는 드문질환으로, 반복적으로 다량의 출혈을 일으킬 수 있으며, 치료를 하지 않을 경우 사망율이 높기 때문에, 조기 진단과 치료가 필수적이다. 저자들은 38세 남자 환자에서 췌장염의 합병증으로 생긴 가성낭종내에서 발생한 가성동맥류 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 가성 동맥류의 색혈류도플러상 낭종내에 양방향 흐름의 와류를 볼 수 있었다. Pancreatic Pseudoaneurysm within Pseudocyst from Pancreatitis: 1 Case Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine,DongGuk University Yeon Hee OH M.D., Chae Kyeong Lee M.D., Seoung Hyeon Kim M.D., Sung Woo Lee M.D., Chang Heon Yang M.D., Jung Ho Lee M.D., Young Hyun Lee M.D. Pseudoaneurysm from pancreatitis is uncommon, but it can cause recurrent and massive hemorrhage. Because of high morbidity and mortality, early detection and treatment of the pseudoaneurysm is needed. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm within pseudocyst from pancreatitis. Color-flow Doppler sonography shows bidirectional flow and turbulent arterial flow, within anechoic mass.

한국인 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 골격근에서 인슐린 신호전달체계의 결함

최준혁,이관우,김효정,이동훈,이종우,김정은,엄현채,김경미,최성이,정윤석,김현만 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5

연구배경: 제2형 당뇨병에서 나타나는 인슐린 저항성은 간, 지방, 근육 같은 말초조직에서 인슐린의 작용이 떨어지는 것을 말한다. 제2형 당뇨병의 발생기전에 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비능 저하가 같이 관여함은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 인슐린의 세포내에서의 저항성을 규명하기 위한 인슐린의 세포내 신호전달체계에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 몇몇 연구에서 인슐린 저항성을 가진 골격근육에서 IRS와 관련된 PI3-kinase의 활성감소와 Akt kinase의 활성감소를 보고하고 있으나 아직까지 명확하게 그 기작이 설명되어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상성인, 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 경구당부하검사 및 인슐린 클램프검사를 시행하고 인슐린 클램프 검사시 대상인의 근육을 채취하여 인슐린 신호전달 체계(IR-β, IRS, Akt(PKB, Rac) kinase, GSK-3)를 연구하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 한국인으로서 경구당부하검사상 정상인 및 당뇨병 환자 각각 11명, 9명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상인은 건강인으로 과거력상 당대사에 영향을 줄 질환이 없고, 현재 당대사에 영향을 줄 약물 복용 및 다른 소견이 없는 경구당부하검사상 정성 내당능을 보이는 대상자로 하였다. 당뇨병환자는 모두 제2형 당뇨병 환자로 이환기간이 만 5년 이내인 경우로 하고, 인슐린으로 치료하는 대상자는 제외하도록 하였다. 대상자의 연령, 체질량지수, 체지방량, 공복시 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 HbA1c, 인슐린, C-peptide를 측정하였고, "HOMA model"을 이용하여 베타세포의 기능와 인슐린저항성 정도를 평가하였다. 정상혈당클램프 검사(euhlycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test)를 시행하고 인슐린 투입 전과 인슐린 투입 30분후, 두차례에 걸쳐 대퇴부 근육생검을 실시한후 western 법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 측정하였다. 결과: 정상인 11명과 당뇨병 환자 9명을 대상으로 하였으며 대상자의 평균 연령, 평균 체질량지수, 체지방량, 허리/엉덩이 둘레의 비(waist hip ratio; WHR)는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 평균 공복혈당은 정상군 98.0±0.3㎎/dL, 당뇨병군 208.1±16.5㎎/dL(p<0.05), HbA1c는 정상군 5.4±0.5%, 당뇨병군 9.2±0.6%(p<0.05)였다. "HOMA model"을 이용한 베타세포의 기능과 인슐린저항성은 정상군 56.4±8.5%, 1.4±0.2, 당뇨병군 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01), 10.2±6.3(p<0.01)였으며 정상혈당클램프 검사상 포도당 이용률은 정상군 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min, 당뇨병군 3.7±1.1㎎/㎏/min(p<0.01)로 정상군과 당뇨병군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. Western blot법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 인슐린 투입전과 인슐린 투입 30분후 측정하였을 때 IR-β에서는 정상군이 103.9±2.3에서 241.3±18.6, 당뇨군이 108.9±2.2에서 198.7±6.3으로 증가하였다(p=NS). 이는 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 통계적인 차이가 없었다. IRS에서는 정상군이 111.6±7.3에서 295.6±17.2, 당뇨군이 114.5±6.1에서 222.0±23.2로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 24% 감소하였다. Akt kinase에서는 103.4±6.0에서 416.8±29.5로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 43% 감소하였다. GSK-3에서는 정상군이 107.7±6.7에서 595.7±28.1, 당뇨군이 104.3±4.8에서 443.3±12.9로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 25% 감소하였다. 결론: 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 정상인과 비교하여 인슐린 자극후 IR-β는 인산화량의 증가정도가 큰 차이가 없었으나, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3에서는 인산화량의 증가 정도가 감소되는 것으로 보아 상위 인슐린 신호전단체계부터 결함이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Background: The glucose uptake rate is the limiting step in glucose utilization and storage. The failure of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in muscle appears to be a primary defect of insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), Akt kinase and GSK-3 in isolated skeletal muscle, in people with type 2 diabetes(n=9) and control subjects(n=11). Methods: 75g OGTT and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were done. And vastus lateralis muscle was obtained before and 30 min into the euglycemic clamp. Western blots were performed for tyrosine phosphroylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor(IR-β), Akt and GSK-3. Result: There were no statistical differences in the mean age, BMI and body fat between the control subjects and diabetic patients. The fasting blood sugar and HbA_1c in controls and diabetic patients were 98.0±0.3 and 208.1±16.5ng/dl, and 5.4±0.5 and 9.2±0.6%, and 1.4±0.2 in the control subjects, and 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01) and 10.2±6.3(p<0.01) in the diabetic patients, respectively. The insulin resistance from the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min and 3.7±1.1ng/㎏/min in the control subjects and in the diabetic patients, respectively(p<0.01). Compared with the normal controls, insulin-stimulated IR phosphorylation was no different to that in the diabetic patients. However, insulin-stimulated IRS phosphorylation, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated GSK-3 phosphorylation were reduced in the diabetic patients compared with the normal controls by 24, 43 and 25%, respectively(p<0.05). Conclusion: In Korean type 2 diabetic patients, the insulin resistance may be due to the impairment of the upstream insulin signal molecular network. Further studies will focus on determining whether these signaling defects are the cause of the development of insulin resistance, or secondary to the altered metabolic state, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:685∼697, 2002).

비·부비동 양성 종양의 임상적 고찰

김진국,신향애,임채형,장현종,심대보 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

Background and Objectives: Benign tumors of the nose and paranasal sinues are rare in comparison with malignant growths. Authors aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of benign sino-nasal tumors. Materials and Methods: From 1994 through 2004, 25 cases of benign sino-nasal tumors (17 men and 8 women) were diagnosed and cared at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konkuk University. We reviewed medical records of patients to find out clinical features, radiologic findings, operative findings, therapeutic options, and outcomes. Postoperative observation was given for fifteen months on the average. Results: The most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal mass, frequent nasal bleeding, headache, and rhinorrhea, and the mass mainly placed in the lateral nasal wall. There were 12 cases (48%) of inverted papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of squamous papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of hemangioma, 1 (4%) case of pleomorphic adenoma, 1 (4%) case of leiomyoma, 1 (4%) case of lipoma. All the tumors were surgically removed. For the treatment of inverted papilloma, medial maxillectomy had been performed before 1997(2 cases); however, most cases have been managed with endonasal endoscopic technique since 1997. Recurrence was observed in two patients with inverted papilloma and one patients with squamous papilloma. Conclusion: Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumor in the nose and paranasal sinuses, followed by squamous papilloma and hemangioma. The optimal management of benign tumors is complete excision of tumor and endonasal endoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for an inverted papilloma.

대학급식의 미생물적 품질보증을 위한 HACCP의 적용 : 참치샐러드 Tuna Salad

김운주,최은희,최현미,배주희,채현숙 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2002 생활과학연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality, and to assure the safety of the food production process in the university foodservice facilities in accordance with the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP) concepts. The kitchen layout and time-temperature relationship, miciobiological quality(total plate count, coliform) were assessed to identify the critical point during each of the production phases. The results were as follows: 1) The kitchen layout had to be improved because contamination area was not separated from non-contamination area, and work table was in contact with washing sink. 2) Some employee did not follow personal hygiene standards(hand washing), and did not wear proper working uniforms(hair restraints). 3) The production time of tuna salad was 120 min, and environment temperature was 20.1~26.0℃. Improper receiving temperature, inproper holding practices(without cover at room temperature) were observed. 4) In the purchasing phase of the raw materials, the microbiological quality of green pepper was not at acceptable level based on the TPC(2.3×10^6CFU/g)and coliform(>14,000 MPN/g). During washing phase TPC was decreased about 3 log cycle. After cutting and holding phase the level of TPC and coliform were increased rapidly. At serving phase the microbiological quality of tuna salad were not at acceptable level(TPC 3.3×10^6 CFU/g, coliform 11,000 MPN/g) according to the standard set(TPC <10^5 CFU/g, coliform <100 MPN/g) by Sorberg et al. 5) For tuna salad, critical control points were purchasing and receiving of fresh vegetables, washing, cutting, holding, mixing and serving phase.