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Influence of Panax ginseng on Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
김수강,정주호,이병철,이상원,이강효,김영옥 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2014 International Neurourology Journal Vol.18 No.4
Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate problem in older men. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (P. ginseng) on a rat model of testosterone-induced BPH. Methods: The rats were divided into 3 groups (each group, n=10): control, testosterone-induced BPH (20 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection), and P. ginseng (200 mg/kg, orally) groups. After 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to examine the blood biochemical profiles, prostate volume, weight, histopathological changes, alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (Adra1d) mRNA expression, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein expression. Results: The group treated with P. ginseng showed significantly lesser prostate size and weight than the testosterone-induced BPH group. In addition, P. ginseng decreased the mRNA expression of Adra1d as well as the expression of EGFR and BCL2 in prostate tissue. Conclusions: These results suggest that P. ginseng may inhibit the alpha-1-adrenergic receptor to suppress the development of BPH.
김수강,박현경,최한성,유구한,정주호 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.4
Purpose: Recent studies have suggested that specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to the clinical features of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we investigated the relationships of genetic polymorphisms of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene with BPH. Methods: A total of 218 patients with BPH were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the relationship between eight SNPs in the EGF and EGFR genes and prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and International Prostate Symptom Score of BPH patients. Each SNP was genotyped by direct sequencing. Statistical analysis applying codominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models was performed via logistic regression. Results: The rs11568943 and rs11569017 SNPs in the EGF gene showed significant associations with prostate volume (rs11568943: P=0.038 in the log-additive model, P=0.024 in the allele distribution; rs11569017, P=0.031 in the dominant model, P=0.028 in the log-additive model, P=0.020 in the allele distribution). Additionally, the rs3756261, rs11568943, and rs11569017 SNPs of the EGF gene and the rs2293347 SNP of the EGFR gene were associated with PSA levels (P<0.05 in each model, respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that the EGF gene may affect prostate volume. In addition, the EGF and EGFR genes may be associated with PSA levels in patients with BPH.
김수강,김영옥,이병철,유구한,정주호 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2014 International Neurourology Journal Vol.18 No.1
Purpose: Inflammation and infection have been associated with the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the innate immune system and initiate the inflammatory response to foreign pathogens. We investigated the relationship between TLR10-1-6 gene cluster polymorphisms and BPH. Methods: We genotyped four promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (TLR10, rs10004195; TLR1, rs5743557; and TLR6, rs1039560 and rs1039559) by directly sequencing (233 BPH patients and 214 control subjects). SNPStats and Haploview version 4.02 were used to analyze the data. Multiple logistic regression models (log-additive, dominant, and recessive) were performed to determine odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P-values. Results: The genotype and allele frequencies of each SNP was not different between the BPH and control groups (P>0.05). Haplotype analysis showed no association between the haplotype in the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block and BPH (P>0.05), although the LD block was constructed. Conclusions: These results indicate that the TLR10-1-6 gene cluster may be not associated with the development of BPH in the Korean population.
김수강,최미혜 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2002 중앙간호논문집 Vol.6 No.1
In the study, it was attempted to understand mothers'subjective nurturing attitude depending on their circumstances or situation, who have developmental disability children, by categorizing their nurturing attitude and analyzing the characteristics. Among mothers with developmental disability children in Seoul, 33 mothers were selected at random from August 25th to 29th, 2001, using 43 Q-sample, and then the data from P-sample were analyzed. As the results, mothers are categorized into 3 types. First, mothers of optimistic devotion type, were characterized as nurturing their children with confidence from optimistic mind toward the future. They preferred such education as suitable to make their children independent, and though coersive way of nurturing may be necessary to let the children acquire the right behavior. Also, compared with mothers of other type, they had strong remorse, devotion to their children, and even overprotective tendency. Besides, they respected children's character value, accepted unconditionally them as their children, and rebuilt and changed their life through their children. Second. pessimistic negative mothers were characterized as who felt burdened in nurturing their children from pessimistic thought toward the future. So, they asked eagerly for governmental support and desired to go abroad where nurturing circumstances are more better. They paid too much attention to other people's thought and socially biased views so that they denied their children and eagerly wanted to have rest out of them. Also, the hard nurturing procedure made mothers have negative value system. But in education, because they respect their children's value as an humanbeing, they emphasized strongly the necessity of early-education and lifelong education, and required their children to respond actively to the peers. Third, positively accepting mothers were characterized as who accept that their children is disabled, and nurture their children doing their best at present not in the nebulous future by facing their children as they are. So, they made specific efforts in realities such as explaining in detail to their children, visiting regularly a doctor, and trying to help their family accept the children. Also, they thought governmental supports are necessary. That is, they intended to see their children and think what is needed now objectively at a 3rd party's position. Also, they were few in remorse and thought they could do nurturing and their jobs at the same time. For education, they considered the integrated education desirable but wanted to educate their children naturally in the life without giving them stress. They enjoyed the time with their children and thought their life got abundant and ripen through the nurturing.