Underlying representation in geminates: from OT perspective

Sung-Hoon Hong,Chang-Kook Suh 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1

Hong, Sung-Hoon, and Chang-Kook Suh. 2004. Underlying represen-tation in Geminates: from an OT perspective. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 10.1. 129.144. This research has examined the status of Underlying Representation (UR) in Optimality Theory focusing on the representation of consonant geminates. For this purpose, we have examined geminate/singleton alternation in Ponapean employing Lexicon Optimization (LO), an algorithm proposed to select a UR among multiple inputs. We have seen that simple application of LO is problematic in singling out a UR for the case of alternation. This leads us to the version of LO that is performed on the paradigms, rather than on an individual forms (Tesar and Smolensky 1996, 2000, Inkelas 1995, 1998). After a thorough implementation of LO, we have found that the URs are simply identical to the input forms; geminate UR for the alternating case and singleton UR for the nonalternating case. Further, it was shown that a unique underlying representation of geminates, regardless of their positions in which they occur, can account for the exceptional geminate behaviors. (Hansung University and Cheonan University)

Prediction of Retained Austenite Fraction in Quenching-and-Partitioning (Q&P) Steels Using the Gibbs Energy Balance Approach

Seong Hoon Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Jae Hoon Lee,Dong‑Woo Suh,Jae Sang Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.9

Prediction of retained austenite fraction is quite important in designing advanced high strength steels since retained austeniteis the source of transformation-induced plasticity. The present study investigates the phase constitution of a medium-carbonQ&P steel by comparing various approaches to the transformation stasis of bainitic ferrite and applying them to the partitioningprocess. Among them, the modified GEB approach gave the best agreement with the experimental observation, includingthe effects of heat-treatment condition and chemical composition on phase constitution. This indicates phase transformationduring partitioning can be effectively described by the physics of Gibbs energy balance approach.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

비집속빔을 이용한 CO_2 레이저 빔 조사강화

서정,이제훈,강희신,김정오,이문용,오상진,이규현 한국레이저가공학회 2003 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Defocused CO_2 laser beam irradiation strengthening of 60kgf/㎟ grade steel sheet was investigated to obtain the tensile strength similar to that of fully penetrated one by the focused beam. The melted line width by the defocused beam was 3∼4 times larger compared to that of the focused beam. However, the increase of tensile strength with 1 line irradiation by the defocused beam was similar to that of 2∼3 lines by the focused beam. The increase(37.6%) of bending strength with 1 line by the defocused beam was higher than the increase(12.9%) of tensile strength. Also, the effect of cooling gas to strengthening was observed.

녹음에 의한 미기후의 변화가 쾌적성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 피부면 열지수로부터 본 녹음내외의 쾌적성의 해석 VIEW FROM THE LATENT HEAT_FLUX OF HUMAN'S BODY

서주환,김도경,中山敬一,변성진,이상훈 韓國植物·人間·環境學會 1998 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2

This study was to examine the latent heat flux of human's body to verify the microclimate of the tree shade and the amenity of that, estimating the microclimate of inside and outside of Diospyros Kaki Thunb during summer like a high temperature. The place where this study was examined was the Faculty of Horiculture, Chiba University in Japan. As the results, the factor of climate which was appeared with a wide difference was the solar radiation and the temperature of ground surface. On the contrary, the difference of the air-temperature and the humidity was not appeared greatly. And then, the surface heat flux of arm which showed the amenity from the inside and the outside of tree shade had lots of outgoing degree inside of tree shade, on the contrary, lots of incoming degree from the outside of tree shade.

PromethazineㆍHCI 複合內用水劑의 安定性에 관한 硏究

徐成勳,鄭址昌 中央醫學社 1971 中央醫學 Vol.21 No.6

This experiment is the variation of promethazine hydrochloride mixtures according to the promehtazine hydrochloride concentration. It is measured every hours under sun-light and every day at 30°C. The result were as follows. 1) It is results that the high concentrated promethazine hydrochloride is unstable and low concetrated one relatively stable compared with the high concentrated promethazine hydrochloride at 30°C. 2) According to the variations by sun-light it is concluded after one hour the variant rate of high concentrated promethazine hydrochloride is severe and low concentrated one relatively slight and from that time the variant rate was constant. According to the above results, it would be considered that promethazine hydrochloride mixtures is relatively stable in diluted solution and unstable in high concentrated solution.

Linear Accelerator를 이용한 Stereotactic Radiosurgery

정상섭,윤도흠,오성훈,김선호,서창옥,추성실,노준규,김동익,서정호 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.6

A Modified irradiation technique utilizing a linear accelerator for radiation surgery within the brain was performed in 4 patients. Three of them had brain tumors and one small arteriovenous malformation in midbrain. A Hitchcock stereotactic apparatus and a 10 MeV linear accelerator have been adapted and special computer programs for dosimetry were obtained and studied experimentally with a phantom model. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a valuable tool in the treatment of inoperable, deep seated intracranial lesions, the major advantage being high efficacy and smoothness of the procedure, as well as short hospitalization times.

유효질량의 공간적 변화를 고려한 Wigner 함수 모형에 대한 연구

方誠晩,徐柾河,沈載勳 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.2

본 논문에서는 유효질량의 공간적 변화 형태를 구체화하여 Wigner 함수 모형을 개선하였다. 비국부적 형태의 운동에너지 연산자가 소거길이 이상의 영향을 포함하도록 하여 Liouville 방정식을 차분화하였다. 모의실험을 위한 차분화 모형은 밀도 연산자의 대각성분을 포함하도록 하였으며, 차분화 모형에 weighting 함수를 도입하여 유효질량의 공간적 변화 형태에 따른 영향을 고찰하였다. 공명투과 다이오드의 정상상태 전류-전압 특성을 계산한 결과, 유효질량의 공간적 변화는 공명투과에 의한 peak 전류에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

백제 무령왕릉 및 송산리 5.6호분의 현황과 보존대책

김광훈,최석원,정상만,서만철,이금배,이남석 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 自然科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

무령왕릉을 비롯한 송산리 고분군의 5호분 및 6호분의 발굴이후의 변화상황, 고분구조의 벽체거동 상황 및 구조안전, 누수현상, 고분 내에 서식하는 조류문제, 고분내 습기 및 결로현상 제거를 위한 공기조화시설 등을 포함하는 종합정밀조사를 1996년 5월 1일 부터 1997년 4월 30일 까지 1년간 수행하였다. 무령왕릉 및 6호분 벽돌깨김 상황 조사결과 1972년과 l996년을 비교하여 보면 벽돌파손율이 각각 2.5배와 2.9배로 증가하고 있다. 1972년 상황은 약 1450년간 진행된 것이고 l996년의 상황은 불과 24년간 진행된 것임을 감안할 때 고분이 발굴된 이후 벽돌의 균열은 상당한 가속도로 진행되어 온 것이 사실이며 이대로 진행된다면 더욱 더 가속화될 것으로 판단된다. 고분벽체의 거동상태를 계측한 결과 우기에 지하수 유입에 의한 지반의 약화로 인하여 건기보다 2배 정도 거동하는 양상을 보인다. 한편, 무령왕릉 연도 입구의 호벽은 전실쪽으로의 거동이 0.43 mm/myr, 연도쪽으로 2.05 mm/myr의 거동을 보여 무령왕릉에서는 가장 심한 거동을 보이고 있다. 봉분내부의 토양층구조에 대한 지오레이다 영상단면을 분석한 결과 지중의 누수방지층이 심하게 균열되어 있는 것으로 판단된다. 직접누수와 지하수 형태로 유입된 침투수는 고분군 주위의 지반의 함수비를 증가시켜 지반의 지지력을 악화시키고 또한 고문내로 서서히 유입되어 고분내부의 습도를 100% 로 유지시키는 주된 원인이다. 이러한 높은 습도는 고분내의 남조류의 번식을 초래하였다. 이와 같이 고분군의 발굴후 인위적인 환경변화와 지속적인 강우침투 및 배수 불량의 영향은 고분군의 안정성에 상당한 위험을 초래하였으며, 현 상태는 각 고분에 대한 보강이 불가피한 것으로 판단된다. 고분 벽돌의 깨짐, 고분 벽체의 거동, 조류의 서식 등올 포함하여 송산리 고분군에서 발생되고 있는 보존상의 제반 문제점들은 일차적으로 누수 및 침투수에 의한 결과이다. 그러므로 무엇보다도 고분군 내부 및 고분 주변으로의 강우 및 지하수 침투를 막는 차수 대책이 시급한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 이미 발생한 변위가 더 이상, 진행되지 않도록 봉분하중 경감 빛 토압균형을 이루는 보강대책이 시급한 실정이다. The detail survey on the Songsanri tomb site including the Muryong royal tomb was carried out during the period from May 1, 1996 to April 30, 1997. A quantitative analysis was tried to find changes of tomb itself since the excavation. Main subjects of the survey are to find out the cause of infiltration of rain water and groundwater into the tomb and the tomb site, monitoring of the movement of tomb structure and safety, removal method of the algae inside the tomb, and air controlling system to solve high humidity condition and dew inside the tomb. We found that break rate of bricks inside the Murong royal tomb and the 6th tomb had been increased about 250 % and 290 % for just last 24 years from 1972 to 1996, respectively. The situation in 1996 is the result for just 24 years while the situation in 1972 was the result for about 1450 years. Status of breaking of bricks represents that a severe problem is undergoing. The wall movement of tombs is detecting in disadvantageous directions, especially in rainy season. The front wall of the Muryong royal tomb shows the biggest movement having a rate of 2.05 mm/myr toward the passage way. Georadar section of the shallow soil layer represents several faults in the artificial water-protection layer within soil layer. Rainwater flew through faults into the tomb and nearby ground and high water content in nearby ground resulted in low resistance and high humidity inside tombs. High humidity inside tomb made good living condition for algae with high temperature and moderate light source. Artificial change of the tomb environment since the excavation, infiltration of rain water and groundwater into the tombsite and bad drainage system had resulted in dangerous status for the tomb structure. Main cause for many problems including breaking of bricks, movement of tomb walls and algae living is infiltration of rainwater and groundwater into the tomb site. Therefore, protection of the tomb site from high water content should be carried out at fust. Waterproofing method includes a cover system over the tomsite using geotextile, clay layer and geomembrane. Decrease and balancing of soil weight above the tomb are also needed for the safety of tomb structures. Above mentioned preservation methods are suggested to give least changes to tomb site and to solve the most fundmental problems. Repairing should be planned in order and some special cares are needed for the safety of tombs in repairing work. Finally, a monitoring system measuring tilting of tomb walls, water content, groundwater level, temperature and humidity is required to monitor and to evaluate the repairing work.

과립구 감소 환자의 감염시 Imipenem/cilastatin 단독요법의 치료효과 : Piperacillin-amikin 병합요법과의 무작위 비교

송재훈,최승원,박수길,고윤석,서철원,이규형,이정신,문희법,김상희 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.2

To evaluate the efficacy of the single agent therapy for the initial management of fever in neutropenic patients, we conducted a prospective randomized trial comparing imipenem/cilastatin alone with a combination of piperacillin and amikacin. Among 40 evauable episodes of fever, stratum A(hematologic malignancy, n=30) consisted of 15 imipenem group and 15 piperacillin plus amikacin group and stratum B consisted of 10 cases with solid tumor. There was no difference in age, sex, duration of neutropenia, initial granulocyte count and number of cases with severe neutropenia(<100/㎣) between two groups. Overall response rate to imipenem was higher(86.6%) than combination therapy group(53.5%) in stratum A, but statistical difference was not found. Overall response rate to imipenem in solid tumor was 100% whereas to combination therapy group was 40%. There was no serious toxicity on imipenem use. We conclude that imipenem monotherapy could be an effective & safe empirical therapy in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients.