한국어의 어휘계층과 음운론적 복잡성

박선우,홍성훈,변군혁 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.2

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This paper explores the structure of the Korean lexicon based on the notion of "Phonological Complexity (PC)." The Korean lexicon is composed of three lexical strata: native and Sino-Korean words, and loanwords. For this study, we obtain 500 most frequent nouns for each class from the word list compiled by Kang and Kim (2004). We then calculate the PC values of the selected nouns using the bigram model proposed by Goldsmith (2002). A comparison of the PC values reveals that the average PC value is highest for loanwords, and lowest for Sino-Korean. The average PC value of native nouns is placed in the middle, and in fact, the PC values of native vocabulary are distributed widely from low to high values. The distribution of native nouns is in contrast with the distributions of loanwords and Sino-Korean, which are biased toward high and low PC values, respectively. Considering the relation between PC and markedness, we assert that Sino-Korean vocabulary is clustered around the unmarked portion of the lexicon, while loanwords are predominantly placed in the marked portion of the lexicon. Native vocabulary, on the other hand, is distributed in both marked and unmarked parts of the lexicon. (Hanshin University and Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

Goldsmith의 인지음운론

이상억 한국음운론학회 1995 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.1 No.-

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한국어 초성-중성 결합의 분포적 특성 및 모음의 군집분석 연구

김미란,최재웅,홍정하 한국음운론학회 2014 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.20 No.1

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Native speakers’ sensitivity to type and token frequency has been well recognized in many linguistic studies and is now known as frequency effects. In this study, we provide frequency information on the sequences of onset and nucleus by analyzing the complete lexical entries (510,032) listed in the Standard Korean Language Dictionary (2008). The frequency information has been extracted from a total of 1,761,214 syllables as they are represented in the dictionary. In addition to the frequency information, we provide a hierarchical cluster analysis of vowels referring to the frequency of individual onsets combined with individual vowels. Three main findings are reported in this paper. Firstly, diphthongs and monophthongs are clustered separately by hierarchical clustering with a characteristic that diphthongs are combined with a more restricted set of onsets when compared to monophthongs. Secondly, the two vowels ‘ㅚ/ø/, ㅟ /y/,’ which are still being debated about regarding to whether they are monophthongs or diphthongs, are similar to a diphthong cluster with respect to the frequency information of combining onsets. Finally, the two vowels ‘ㅔ/e/, ㅐ/æ/’, whose surface forms are undergoing a merging process in modern Korean, show different sets of onsets that they combine with. The use of a large language resource allows us to explore empirically existing patterns, which may otherwise remain undiscovered or unpredicted by any theory that describes only the permissible combinations.

최적성이론을 통한 혼성어 형성의 분석

김영준(Kim, Yeong-Joon) 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.3

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In this paper, I want to show an aspect of grammaticality with regard to word-formation of lexical blends. There are a few advanced researches which used constraint-based theories to find out the peculiar characters of lexical blends. The researches, however, are to some extent restricted to researcher’s own cases and did not propose universality in the blend-formation process. I would like to suggest some generalized constraints related to lexical blends formation, mainly based on Korean blends corpus and some cases from Japanese. These generalizations show an important role of overlapping and faithfulness constraints in the process of word-formation of lexical blends.

확률적 모델 기반 중세한국어 유성마찰음 /ㅿ/의 음운론적 대립에 대한 연구

박선우(Park, Sunwoo) 한국음운론학회 2017 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.23 No.1

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This study investigates intermediate phonological relationships between /s/(ㅅ) and /z/(ㅿ) in Middle Korean from the 15th century to the 16th century. In Middle Korean, the phonological contrast between /s/ and /z/ was complex. In word-medial intervocalic position, /z/ and /s/ are considered to be contrastive. However, in word-initial or word-final position, they are allophonic, so we can predict which of the two segments will occur. I propose that putting /z/ and /s/ into a gradient and probabilistic model provides insight into the phonological relationship between them. The present paper examines the frequencies of /z/, /s/ and other consonants from the 15th to the 16th century to analyze a historical Korean corpus from the perspective of the Probabilistic Phonological Relationship Model (PPRM), measuring the quantitative analysis index of intermediate phonological relationships. Comparing the entropies between /s/ and other consonants with the entropies between /z/ and other consonants, a continuum defined in terms of entropy reveals that /z/ in Middle Korean was more allophonic than phonemic, and it was lost or merged into /s/ in the 16th century.

음운론적 언어에서 형태론적 언어로

강덕수 한국음운론학회 1995 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.1 No.-

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한국어 어휘부 구조

강용순(Kang, Yongsoon) 한국음운론학회 1998 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.4 No.-

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The purpose of this paper is to show that the lexicon structure in Korean does not support the core-periphery hypothesis proposed by Itô & Mester (1995). Rather, native Korean and loan words are differentiated by the ranking difference of Faithfulness constraints like MAX-IO, DEP-IO. Furthermore, Koreans are aware of the status of loan words because they permit the word structure ending [i] which is not found in Korean nouns. This paper also investigates the properties of native Korean, sino- Korean, loan words, and foreign words in the lexicon.

한국 음운론 연구(1995-2014) 관찰

김선회(Kim, Sun-Hoi) 한국음운론학회 2015 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.21 No.1

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This study explores the characteristics and trends of academic research in phonology over a period of twenty years in Korea, quantitatively investigating 435 articles published in Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology from 1995 to 2014 by The Phonology - Morphology Circle of Korea. The investigation focuses on the words and phrases contained in the article titles. Their occurrence frequencies are counted and their co-occurrence networks are analyzed with measurements of meaningful index values such as degree, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and edge weight. The study shows that the trends and directions of academic research in phonology in Korea have changed not radically but steadily and dynamically. While Optimality Theory-related words and phrases occurred frequently in article titles and played an important role in the network structure of co-occurring words and phrases before the period of 2010-2014, during this period Optimality Theory gave way to English-Korean inter-language studies of perception and production, an area towards which academic interest has steadily increased since 2000.

한국어 모음조화의 약화 현상에 대한 정보이론 기반 분석

박선우(Park, Sunwoo) 한국음운론학회 2016 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.22 No.3

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This study investigates the declination of vowel harmony in Korean from the 15th century to the 18th century. Between the 15th and the 18th century, restructuring of the vowel system resulting from vowel shift brought about diachronic declination of palatal vowel harmony between front and back vowels. Since the 15th century, vowel harmony in Korean has been in steady decline. Noting this, the present paper examines the frequencies of vowel harmony from the 15th to the 18th century. To do so, it analyzes a historical Korean corpus from the perspective of Information Theory, measuring the quantitative analysis index of vowel harmony by the information-theoretic notions of ‘positive logarithm’ and ‘mutual information.’ Mutual information (MI) between the vowels in autosegmental tiers leads to two findings about the declination of vowel harmony in Korean. Firstly, there were two sharp declines of vowel harmony in the historical Korean corpus. There was first a declination between the 15<SUP>th</SUP> and 16<SUP>th</SUP> centuries, and the second declination occurred between the 17<SUP>th</SUP> and 18<SUP>th</SUP> centuries. Secondly, the prohibition of non-harmonic vowels is more effective than the preference for harmonic vowels in Korean vowel harmony.

통사적 환경과 음운론적으로 조건화되지 않은 경음화

우순조(Woo Soon-Jo) 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.3

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This paper argues that phonologically unconditioned tensification functions as a marker of syntactic boundaries in both compounds and syntactic constructions. To prove the argument, this paper sets up a working hypothesis, and shows that it correctly predicts the occurrence of the tensification. The hypothesis, named syntactic environment hypothesis, predicts that phonologically unconditioned tensification takes place at syntactic boundaries. For example, it predicts that the tensification in point never occurs between verb roots and derivational suffixes because the morpheme sequence forms a morphological structure. It also predicts that the tensification occurs at syntactic boundaries. One of the syntactic boundaries lies between the misleadingly called verbal stems and endings. This conception is supported by independent syntactic evidence. The hypothesis provides a better understanding of phonologically unconditioned tensification in compound constructions. That is, compounds originating from syntactic constructions show tensificiation, while typical compounds do not.