한국어 후두자질 공기 제약의 통계적 학습과 적형성 판단

박나영 한국음운론학회 2020 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.26 No.1

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study explores Korean phonotactic grammars, focusing on laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions. This paper is composed of two main parts. In the first part, using a Maximum Entropy Model of Phonotactic Learning (Hayes and Wilson 2008), I ran a learning simulation for Native and Sino-Korean lexicons. Based on the statistical patterns of each lexicon, phonotactic constraints were created with their own weights, the magnitude of which reflects their gradient strength. Especially, the constraints of laryngeal marked features were learned. The resulting native grammars include laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions. On the other hand, Sino-Korean grammars include constraints with the tense feature. The latter part of this study concerns the psychological validity of laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions. A well-formedness judgment test was conducted with native speakers of Korean. The test results suggest that Korean speakers are aware of most laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions and the constraints with the tense feature which are part of the learned grammars. It is also shown that native and Sino-Korean grammars make independent contributions to explaining speakers’ judgments found in the present experiment. In sum, this research shows that Korean phonotactic grammars can be learned from the lexicons of Korean, and that at least some important parts of the learned grammars are psychologically real.

한국어 모음조화의 약화 현상에 대한 정보이론 기반 분석

박선우(Park, Sunwoo) 한국음운론학회 2016 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.22 No.3

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study investigates the declination of vowel harmony in Korean from the 15th century to the 18th century. Between the 15th and the 18th century, restructuring of the vowel system resulting from vowel shift brought about diachronic declination of palatal vowel harmony between front and back vowels. Since the 15th century, vowel harmony in Korean has been in steady decline. Noting this, the present paper examines the frequencies of vowel harmony from the 15th to the 18th century. To do so, it analyzes a historical Korean corpus from the perspective of Information Theory, measuring the quantitative analysis index of vowel harmony by the information-theoretic notions of ‘positive logarithm’ and ‘mutual information.’ Mutual information (MI) between the vowels in autosegmental tiers leads to two findings about the declination of vowel harmony in Korean. Firstly, there were two sharp declines of vowel harmony in the historical Korean corpus. There was first a declination between the 15<SUP>th</SUP> and 16<SUP>th</SUP> centuries, and the second declination occurred between the 17<SUP>th</SUP> and 18<SUP>th</SUP> centuries. Secondly, the prohibition of non-harmonic vowels is more effective than the preference for harmonic vowels in Korean vowel harmony.

인도네시아인 한국어 학습자의 /ㅓ/와 /ㅗ/ 발음에 대한 실험음성학적 연구

Meutia, Fitri,김영주 한국음운론학회 2012 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.18 No.2

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze Indonesian learners’ ability to recognize the difference between /ʌ/ and /o/ and produce them. The study employed perception test, production test, and phonetic analysis of speech production. There was a significant difference between Korean native speakers’ pronunciation and that of Indonesian learners in pronouncing /ʌ/ and /o/. The study found that Indonesian learners studying Korean less than one year were not able to recognize the difference between /ʌ/ and /o/, and had difficulties in pronouncing them. Indonesian learners who have been studying Korean more than one year were better able to recognize the difference between /ʌ/ and /o/; however, they still had difficulties of producing /ʌ/. The results of the phonetic test showed that there was significant difference between Korean native speakers’ /ʌ/ and Indonesia learners‘ /ʌ/; in contrast, no significant difference was found between Korean native speakers’ /o/ and Indonesia learners’ /o/. Consequently, Indonesian Korean learners have difficulties in perceiving and producing /ʌ/ and the difficulties still linger even when the period of studying was long.

한국어의 위치동화에 대한 지각적 분석

박선우(Park, Sunwoo) 한국음운론학회 2011 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.17 No.1

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This paper aims to investigate the detailed aspects of Korean place assimilation. For this research, a perception test of Korean place assimilation was conducted. Based on the results of the perception test, I postulated the P-map hyphothesis (Steriade 2001) about nasal sounds /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ and analyzed the place assimilation in Korean consonant clusters within the OT framework. Nine pairs of nonce word and spelling were chosen as stimuli and 10 Seoul Korean speakers participated in the perception test. The results show coronal sound /n/ is disposed to undergo velarization and labialization, but labial sound /m/ is not disposed to undergo velarization. According to the test, tensed stop triggers (/ank?a/ [aŋk?a]) are preferred to aspirated stop and plain stop triggers (/ank?a/ [aŋk?a], /anka/ [aŋ?a]). This preference is likely to reflect the features of tensed stops, which have a long and strong place gesture.

초점 발화시 한국인 화자와 일본인 학습자의 한국어 모음 포먼트 실현

김희성(Kim Heesung),송지연(Song Jiyeon),김기호(Kim Kee-Ho) 한국음운론학회 2006 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.12 No.3

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

  The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the formant characteristics of Korean monophthong vowels spoken by Japanese learners in focused words and to compare the characteristics of vowels by Japanese with those by Korean native speakers. The data are eight Korean vowels without focus and same vowels with focus. In this study, formant frequencies of the vowels were measured by Wave Surfer. The results of this study showed that for the Koreans, the F1 rising ratio of focused vowels, which is closely correlated with the degree of mouth opening at the lips, was getting significantly higher than that of unfocused vowel. That is, the lower the vowels are, the higher F1 rising ratio are. However, F2 ratio of focused vowels, which is correlated with the frontness of the tongue, was not affected by the focus at all. For the Japanese learners of Korean, the F1 of a focused vowel was getting higher in the rising ratio but, it was not significantly different in the statistics, and F2 did not show a certain tendency. As a result, F1 was the one that shows the crucial difference between Korean native speakers and Japanese Korean learners in focused word.

폐쇄음으로 시작하는 영어 자음 연쇄의 한국어 차용

오미라(Oh, Mira) 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.1

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Many studies claim that loanword adaptation is perceptual mapping (Silverman 1992, Peperkamp et al. 2008) and relies crucially on fine-grained acoustic similarity (Kim and Curtis 2001, Boersma and Hamann 2009). By investigating loanword adaptation of stopinitial clusters from English into Korean with respect to vowel epenthesis, this paper aims to answer two questions. First, can the perceptual approach proposed by many researchers fully account for vowel epenthesis in loanword adaptation? Second, are the stop-initial clusters from English loaned in the same way into Korean regardless of their morphological structure? Close examination of loanword adaptation of stopstop and stop-nasal sequences of English into Korean reveals three findings. Firstly, not all vowel epentheses result from perceptual epenthesis. Secondly, the recoverability of source sounds pushes the adapters away from application of native phonological processes, which are prevalent in native phonology, in the direction of epentheses, in which the identity of the preconsonantal stop is better encoded in loanwords. Thirdly, morphological structure of a source word plays a role in segmental mapping in loanword adaptation. (Chonnam National University)

확률적 모델 기반 중세한국어 유성마찰음 /ㅿ/의 음운론적 대립에 대한 연구

박선우(Park, Sunwoo) 한국음운론학회 2017 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.23 No.1

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study investigates intermediate phonological relationships between /s/(ㅅ) and /z/(ㅿ) in Middle Korean from the 15th century to the 16th century. In Middle Korean, the phonological contrast between /s/ and /z/ was complex. In word-medial intervocalic position, /z/ and /s/ are considered to be contrastive. However, in word-initial or word-final position, they are allophonic, so we can predict which of the two segments will occur. I propose that putting /z/ and /s/ into a gradient and probabilistic model provides insight into the phonological relationship between them. The present paper examines the frequencies of /z/, /s/ and other consonants from the 15th to the 16th century to analyze a historical Korean corpus from the perspective of the Probabilistic Phonological Relationship Model (PPRM), measuring the quantitative analysis index of intermediate phonological relationships. Comparing the entropies between /s/ and other consonants with the entropies between /z/ and other consonants, a continuum defined in terms of entropy reveals that /z/ in Middle Korean was more allophonic than phonemic, and it was lost or merged into /s/ in the 16th century.

한국어 어휘부 구조

강용순(Kang, Yongsoon) 한국음운론학회 1998 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.4 No.-

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The purpose of this paper is to show that the lexicon structure in Korean does not support the core-periphery hypothesis proposed by Itô & Mester (1995). Rather, native Korean and loan words are differentiated by the ranking difference of Faithfulness constraints like MAX-IO, DEP-IO. Furthermore, Koreans are aware of the status of loan words because they permit the word structure ending [i] which is not found in Korean nouns. This paper also investigates the properties of native Korean, sino- Korean, loan words, and foreign words in the lexicon.

한국 음운론 연구(1995-2014) 관찰

김선회(Kim, Sun-Hoi) 한국음운론학회 2015 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.21 No.1

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study explores the characteristics and trends of academic research in phonology over a period of twenty years in Korea, quantitatively investigating 435 articles published in Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology from 1995 to 2014 by The Phonology - Morphology Circle of Korea. The investigation focuses on the words and phrases contained in the article titles. Their occurrence frequencies are counted and their co-occurrence networks are analyzed with measurements of meaningful index values such as degree, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and edge weight. The study shows that the trends and directions of academic research in phonology in Korea have changed not radically but steadily and dynamically. While Optimality Theory-related words and phrases occurred frequently in article titles and played an important role in the network structure of co-occurring words and phrases before the period of 2010-2014, during this period Optimality Theory gave way to English-Korean inter-language studies of perception and production, an area towards which academic interest has steadily increased since 2000.

모음탈락과 모음축약의 음운론적 상관성

김종규(Kim, Jong-Kyoo) 한국음운론학회 2010 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.16 No.3

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The main purpose of this paper is to elucidate the phonological relation between vowel deletion and vowel coalescence, focusing on the interaction among phonological features. In the previous segment-based research on hiatus resolution, vowel deletion and vowel coalescence have been generally analyzed as different phonological processes, even though they conspire with other processes such as glide formation, glide insertion, and diphthogization in regulating a vowel sequence without an intervening consonant or glide. The present study, however, argues that vowel deletion and vowel coalescence are virtually identical processes, sharing the same phonological motivation of realizing phonologically active features in Korean. As phonologically active features, features such as [-back], [-high], and [+round] are selected in phonetic outputs over features such as [+back], [+high], and [-round]. In this respect, this study emphasizes the importance of selecting the accurate phonological unit in the analysis of phonological phenomena and capturing phonologically-significant co-relations among phonological processes. Based on the analysis of this study, it can be argued that the segmental difference between vowel deletion and vowel coalescence is a merely epiphenomenon of feature faithfulness. In addition, the traditional division of hiatus-related phonological processes into vowel deletion and vowel coalescence can be regarded as a theoretical residue of segment-based phonological research.