한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질의 전자회절분석을 위한 Imaging Plate 기술

김영민,김양수,김진규,이정용,김윤중 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질인 gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)₃)의 전자 빔 조사 상전이 연구에서 전자회절 자료의 기록에 대한 imaging plate 와 필름의 기록 특성을 실험적으로 비교하였다. Imaging plate는 극단적으로 낮은 전자 강도와 높은 전자 강도를 동시 기록하기에 충분한 선형 dynamic range를 갖기 때문에, 매우 낮은 전자조사 조건 (≤0.1 e-/μm²)에서 전자 회절 자료를 기록할 때 필름에 비해 회절 자료의 spatial frequency 범위가 두 배 이상 확장되었다. 심지어 이미 기록 포화된 투과 빔 주위의 신호 정보 레벨을 세분화하는 데에도 훨씬 우수한 분해 성능을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 imaging plate가 극단적으로 낮은 전자강도 기록이 필요한 전자 빔 조사 민감 물질이나 cryo-biological 시편들의 구조 연구 관점에서 가장 적절한 기록 매체임을 나타낸다. An experimental comparison of the detection properties between imaging plate and film for recording the electron diffraction pattern was carried out on a radiation-sensitive material, an aluminum trihydroxide (gibbsite, γ-Al(OH)₃), through the electron beam irradiation. Because the imaging plate has a wide dynamic range sufficient for recording extremely low- and high-electron intensities, the range of spatial frequency for the diffraction pattern acquired by the imaging plate was extended to two times larger than the range by the film, especially at a low electron dose condition (≤0.1 e-/μm²). It is also demonstrated that the imaging plate showed better resolving power for discriminating fine intensity levels even in saturated transmitted beam. Hence, in the respect of investigating the structures of radiation-sensitive materials and cryobiological specimens, our experimental demonstrations suggest that the imaging plate technique may be a good choice for those studies, which have to use an extremely low electron intensity for recording.

Original Article : Geographic difference of epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

( Kyung Ah Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim3 ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Eun Uk Jung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Mee Kyung Kee ),( Chun Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods: In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results: The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions: There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:361-367)

An integrated analysis of elbasvir/grazoprevir in Korean patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection

Youn Jae Lee,Jeong Heo,Do Young Kim,Woo Jin Chung,Won Young Tak,Yoon Jun Kim4,백승운,Eungeol Sim,Susila Kulasingam,Rohit Talwani,Barbara Haber,Peggy Hwang 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.4

Background/Aims: In the Republic of Korea, an estimated 231,000 individuals have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) administered for 12 weeks in Korean patients who were enrolled in international clinical trial phase 3 studies. Methods: This was a retrospective, integrated analysis of data from patients with HCV genotype (GT) 1b infection enrolled at Korean study sites in four EBR/GZR phase 3 clinical trials. Patients were treatment-naive or had previously failed interferon-based HCV therapy, and included those with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection or Child- Pugh class A cirrhosis. All patients received EBR 50 mg/GZR 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12, HCV RNA <15 IU/mL). Results: SVR12 was achieved by 73 of 74 (98.6%) patients. No patients had virologic failure and one discontinued from the study after withdrawing consent. SVR12 rates were uniformly high across all patient subgroups. A total of 16 patients had nonstructural protein 5A resistance-associated substitutions at baseline (16/73, 22%), all of whom achieved SVR12. Adverse events (AEs) reported in >5% of patients were fatigue (6.8%), upper respiratory tract infection (5.4%), headache (5.4%), and nausea (5.4%). Thirteen patients (17.6%) reported drug-related AEs, two serious AEs occurred, and two patients discontinued treatment owing to an AEs. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, EBR/GZR administered for 12 weeks was well-tolerated and highly effective in Korean patients with HCV GT1b infection.

제조업체들의 원가관리현황에 관한 실태조사

김정연 울산대학교 1996 경영학연구논문집 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구에서는 현재 기업들이 직면하고 있는 경영환경의 변화에 따라 관리회계시스템도 함께 변화하고 있는가를 진단하기 위하여 원가관리체계에 관한 실태를 조사하였다. 주로 조사된 내용으로는 제품원가계산과 원가관리 및 그 정보의 활용등에 관한 것이다. 본 연구의 결과를 개괄적으로 볼 때 종전의 실태조사 결과와 그리 큰 차이가 없슴을 알 수 있다. 이는 아직도 많은 기업들이 급변하는 경영환경에 발맞추어 관리회계시스템도 그에 맞추어 나간다는 증거를 찾을 수 없다는 것이다. This study conducted a survey on cost management practices of firms facing changes of management environments to examine if they were also changing their management accounting systems. This study focused on product costing system, cost management and utilization of cost information. The results of the study revealed that no big difference was found between this study and the previous studies. This implies that there is no obvious evidence that the firms keep up with current business environmental changes by changing their management accounting system.

Inconel 718의 고온선삭가공에서 세라믹 공구의 노치 마모 특성에 관한 연구

김진남,이정윤,최규헌 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 1998 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Plasma hot machining for Inconell 718 has performed to improve the depth of cut notch wear of ceramic tools(SiC whisker reinforced alumina). In this study, wear characteristic of ceramic tools under plasma hot machining were examined, and compared with conventional machining of Inconel 718. The depth of cut notch wear of ceramic tool was significantly reduced under plasma hot machining test.

세라믹 재료의 연삭 특성

정을섭,김성청,강연식 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 建設技術論文集 Vol.22 No.2

In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of ceramic material s for grinding and wear process by diamond wheel. Normal component of grinding resistance of A1₂0₃was less than that of Si₃N₄ and Zr0₂. This seems to be the characteristics of ceramic material generating between toots and work pieces both of high hardness. For the case of Si₃N₄ and ZrO₂ as the grain mesh number of wheel increases, the surface roughness decreases. For the case of Al₂O₃, the surface roughness does not decreases, Specific grinding energy decreases as the chip removal rate increases. Si₃N₄ and ZrO₂ materials is grinded by abrasive wear processes but Al₂O₃ material is grinded by grain shedding process, i.e, brittleness destruction

기업의 현금흐름 예측치로서의 현금흐름과 회계이익

김정연 울산대학교 1999 경영학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구에서는 기업의 미래현금흐름을 예측하기 위하여 회계이익과 현금흐름 자체 중 어느 것이 더 우월 한가를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 손익계산서상의 당기순이익, 법인세차감전 순이익, 경상이익, 영업이익과 현금흐름표의 영업활동으로부터의 현금흐름, 투자활동으로부터의 현금흐름을 변수로 사용하여 현금흐름변수와 회계이익변수간에 상관관계가 있는가를 살펴 보았다. 또한 변수가 하나인 단순선형모델을 사용하여 예측오차율을 계산하여 회계이익과 현금흐름의 예측능력을 비교하였다. 결과는 현금흐름변수와 회계이익변수간에는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 드러났으며, 미래 현금흐름의 예측에 있어서는 회계이익, 특히 영업이익의 예측능력이 우월한 것으로 나타났다. 이 실증연구의 결과는 미국의 재무회계개념보고서 제1호에서 주장하는 회계이익의 예측력 우월을 지지하고 있다. This study empirically investigated whether current earnings or current cashflow is the better predictor of future cash flow. Using net income, income before taxes, continuing income, operating income, cash flow from operating activities, and cash flow from investing activities as variables, correlations among those variables were examined. The prediction ability of accounting incomes and cash flows were compared on the basis of absolute prediction error rates that were computed using a simple linear model. The results revealed that measures of cash flows were correlated with those of accounting incomes, and showed that operating income appeared to be the best predictor of cash flow variables. Thus, this results of the study support the FASB's assertions that earnings provide better forecasts of future cash flows than do cash flow measures themselves.

Circuit Weight Training이 중년남성의 체격 및 체력에 미치는 영향

김연,김정주,고인태 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1996 體育學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circuit weight training on the physique, physical fitness. 20 middle ages man at B leisure town were selected as subject and then divided into two group; The forties group with 10 persons, fifties group with 10 persons. circuit weight training was three times a week for the period 8 weeks. To evaluate the charge of physique, skinfolds, muscular strength each group was measured. The pre test was enforced before taking the experiment, and the post test was operated after taking the experiment 8 weeks later. The results were as follows; 1.Significant change was increased in chest girth of forties group 2.54%(p〈.05), non significant change was fifties group 0.26%, significant change increased in the thigh girth of forties group 2.50%(p〈.001), fifties group 4.43(p〈.01), and non significant change was decreased in the waist girth of forties group 0.54, significant change was fifties group 1.24%(p〈.05) by after 8 weeks. 2.Significant change was decreased in triceps of forties group 16.81 (p〈.01), fifties group 18.10%(p〈.01), non significant change was in the abdomen of forties group 2.89%, significant change was in fifties group 5.02%(p〈.01), subscapular in the forties group 12.50%(p〈.01), fifties group 19.25%(p〈.01) after 8 weeks, and total thickness of forties group 13.93(p〈.01), fifties group 12.80%(p〈.01), significant change was increased in the body density of forties group 0.51%(p〈.05), fifties group 2.31%(p〈.01), LBM of forties group 2.86%(p〈.05), fifties group 0.2.31%(p〈.01), significant change was decreased in %Fat of forties group 11.91%(p〈.01), fifties group 8.60%, Fat of forties group 12.93%(p〈.01), fifties group 9.37%(p〈.01) by after 8 weeks. 3, Significant change was increased in the grip strength of forties group 8.64%(p〈.05), fifties group 6.24%(p〈.01), back strength of forties group 12.65%(p〈.01), fifties group 10.63%(p〈.01), trunk flexion of forties group 20.18%(p〈.001), fifties group 22.55%(p〈.01), non significant change was increased in the trunk extension of forties group 5.56%, fifties group 4.43% by after 8 weeks. In conclusion circuit weight training is effective as the method of all-round development physique, physical fitness.