대구시 상업지역 지가의 분포패턴에 관한 연구

정현,윤창훈 한국부동산분석학회 2002 不動産學硏究 Vol.8 No.2

As a systematic complex, on internal space of a city is continuously changed through the separation and integration of various function, and is usually expressed as land price reflecting the status of social economics. The utility of land basically determines its price. And the change of land price not only causes functional integration and separation of the land but also affects the internal spatial structure of the city. Here, the change of the internal structure of city can be monitored through the investigation of the change of the land prices. Also, the change for the land utilization for the purpose can be detected through the analysis of the price of the land located in the specific region. Since the 1990's land area of Daegu City has been expanded and the spatial structure of the city begun to reorganize. Under these situations, proper distribution of the function is required through the investigation of the development pattern of Daegu City in terms of living area, development policy, and spatial arrangement of the city. This study aims to provide the basic information for the reorganization and development of the spatial structure of the city in the coming future throughout the evaluation of the distribution pattern of the land price in the commercial area of the city based on dong, gu, street, and direction, respectively.

전방 추체간 유합술 및 후방 고정술시 추간 판 및 추간 공 높이의 변화

전창훈,김용찬,정남수 대한척추외과학회 2003 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.10 No.3

자궁내막기질인 Type I Collagen을 이용한 생쥐 배아의 착상에 관한 연구

김정훈(Chung Hoon Kim),채희동(Hee Dong Chae),강병문(Byung Moon Kang),장윤석(Yoon Seok Chang),강은희(Eun Hee Kang),전용필(Yong Pil Cheon),박견(Kyun Park) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.1

목적: Type I collagen을 이용하여 3차원적 배양체계와 유사한 구조적인 환경을 조성하여 생쥐 배아의 착상전후의 상태를 보기 위한 연구를 중심으로 하였다. 연구방법: 포배단계의 배를 획득하기 위해서 자궁과 수란관의 일부를 적출하고 배양액으로 관류하여 배를 획득한 후 실험에 사용하였다. 멸균된 centrifuge용 시험관에 collagen이 polymerization되게 하였다. 배아는 착상과정의 비교를 위하여 type I collagen군(실험군)과 대조군으로 나누었으며, 대조군에서는 type I collagen 없이 배양액만 사용하여 배아를 배양하였다. 배의 성장과 분화는 24시간 단위로 해부현미경하에서 관찰하였다. 결과: 배양 제 3일에 배아의 부착율은 차이가 없었으나, 배아의 크기는 대조군에 비하여 실험군에서 뚜렸하게 컸다. 배아의 성장이 대조군에서 배양용기의 표면을 따라 수평적으로 진행되는 것과는 달리 실험군에서는 구형을 이루며 입체적으로 성장하기 때문에 색깔이 훨씬 진하게 나타났다. 배아의 발달단계를 관찰한 결과 배양 제 4일과 5일에는 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 발달단계가 높았다. 결론: Type I collagen을 사용한 본 연구는 착상연구의 모델로서 실험적으로 원하는 환경을 설정할 수 있고 관찰이 용이한 장점을 보여주었으나, 생체의 자궁내막세포와 같은 dynamic milieu가 결여되어 있어, 실제의 자궁내막과 유사한 체계를 이루는 배양체계를 어느 정도 수준까지 완성하려면 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives: To examine the in vitro interactions of blastocyst attachment using type I collagen. Materials and methods: ICR mice were used and follicular growth was stimulated by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. On day 4 of pregnancy, the uteri were removed and blastocysts were flushed. Mixtures of 1mL sterile water, 0.5mL DMEM, 2mL type collagen solution and 0.5mL 0.1M NaOH were prepared and transferred to an incubator where the collagen solution polymerized. Blastocysts were transferred to dishes previously coated with type I collagen. CMRL 1066 was used as the basic culture medium. It was supplemented with 1mM glutamine and 1mM sodium pyruvate plus 50 IU/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin. During the first 4 days the culture medium was supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum and thereafter with 20% heat inactivated human cord serum. All blastocysts were initially cultured for 2 days without media change. After 2 days, fresh medium was renewed daily. The stages of embryo growth were examined and recorded everyday under a dissecting microscope and classified according to the standard in vivo criteria set forth by Witschi. Results: By 48h, nearly all blastocysts had attached to the surface of collagen pad. Following adhesion to the collagen pad, the blastocysts maintained their 3-dimensional integrity in contrast to control. The embryos in collagen pad were not flattening and kept polarity and spherical shape during culture. The polar trophoblast invaded the type I collagen downward unlike the horizontal growth in control. In the developmental stage of mouse blastocyst, there were significant differences between control and type I collagen group during day 4 and 5 culture. Conclusion: Blastocyst development was better in type I collagen group than control. Therefore, in vitro culture study using type I collagen could provide improved model for the establishment of blastocyst implantation study.

출산에 따른 그레이브스병의 재발 및 관련이자

임창훈,최현아,한승석,김해성,이창욱,정호연,한기옥,장학철,박원근,윤현구,한인권 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.2

Background: Pregnancy affects the course of Graves' Disease (GD), and patients who initially maintain euthyroid function into their middle trimester with minimum doses of antithyroid drugs become exacerbated after delivery. Even patients who are completely cured, requiring no treatment during pregnancy, can relapse after delivery. In this study, we examined the postpartum changes in the thyroid functions of patients with GD, and attempted to determine the factors contributing to these changes. Methods: The study subjects were recruited from pregnant women visiting our outpatient clinic for routine prenatal evaluations. 45 women previously diagnosed with GD, who had been treated and cured with hyperthyroidism, and were no longer taking any thyroid medications, were evaluated for 1 year post delivery. Results: Among 45 patients, 20 (44.4%) developed thyroid disorders following delivery. Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) developed in 8 patients (17.8%), and GD developed in 12 (26.0%). The onset of the PPT disease 3.1 ± 1.4 months following delivery, which was significantly earlier than the 6.7 ± 2.7 months required for the post delivery onset of GD (p=0.003). The TBII values, measured during the thyrotoxic state in each womaen, were negative in women with PPT and positive in 71.4% of women with GD (p=0.030). The duration of treatment for hyperthyroidism prior or pregnancy, the number of recurrences, and the time interval without treatment, were not associated with the development of postpartum thyroid disorders. Whereas, the mean number of past pregnancies for women who developed PPT was 3.9 ± 2.1, and was significantly higher than the 2.2 ± 1.7 for women developing no thyroid dysfunctions (p=0.044). In 13 women their initial onset of GD occurred within one year postpartum, 7 (53.8%) having had a recurrence, which was significantly higher than in women whose disease onset occurred unrelated to delivery (5 of 32 women: 15.6%). Conclusion: Women with GD developed postpartum thyroid dysfunctions in 44.4% of cases. Women whose initial disease onset occurred within one year postpartum had higher recurrences of GD, and women who developed PPT had a history of higher gravidity compared to the euthyroid women postpartum. Therefore, if women with GD develop postpartum thyroid dysfunctions, the diagnosis should be made, and a treatment modality planned, following careful considerations of the patients' past obstetric history, changes in clinical manifestations and the TBII values

Characteristics on condensation heat transfer and pressure drop for a low GWP refrigerant in brazed plate heat exchanger

Shon, Byung Hoon,Jung, Chung Woo,Kwon, Oh Jin,Choi, Chang Kyoung,Tae Kang, Yong Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER - Vol.122 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Refrigerants have been continuously developed to improve their thermal performances and to deal with relevant environmental issues. Recently, regulations on refrigerants are being intensified due to the global warming. To meet the enhanced environmental standards, low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants have been developed. In this study, experimental studies are conducted to investigate the characteristics of condensation heat transfer and frictional pressure drop for R-1233zd(E). The experiments are carried out under partial condensation conditions in a plate heat exchanger to measure temperature, pressure and mass flow rate. Heat transfer coefficients and frictional pressure drops with respect to mean vapor qualities are yielded. During the partial condensation process, the heat transfer coefficients increases as the mass and heat fluxes increase. However, no significant change in frictional pressure drop is observed when the heat flux changes. It is concluded that other correlations for Nusselt number and pressure drop from the literature cannot be applied for the low GWP refrigerant, R-1233zd(E), and the present experimental correlations agree well with the experimental results with the error bands of ±20%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The condensation heat transfer and pressure drop in PHE with R-1233zd(E) are experimentally tested. </LI> <LI> No significant change in frictional pressure drop is observed when the heat flux changes. </LI> <LI> The present experimental correlations agree well with the experimental results with the error bands of ±20%. </LI> <LI> Other correlations from the literature cannot be applied for the low GWP refrigerant, R-1233zd(E). </LI> </UL> </P>

충주시 고등학생의 최근 4년간(1988-2001) B형간염 표면항원 및 항체 양성률 조사

김형수,이건세,장성훈,박수경,김청식,이창희,권혁중,정순섭 한국역학회 2002 Epidemiology and Health Vol.24 No.2

Objective : Since Korea has been known to be of the endemic area for hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, vaccination for HBV has been recommended for all neonates in Korea. After starting vaccination in 1983, the change of sero-positivity of HBsAg and HBsAb is expected. This study was carried out to investigate the seropositive rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and antibody in high school freshmen students in Chungju-city. Methods and Materials : From 1998 to 2001, a total of 11,735 who were born in 1982 to 1986, were enrolled in this study. HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested by reversed passive hemagglutination and passive hemagglutination, respectively. Results : The study population was 11,735 students who were composed of 5,813 males (49.6%) and 5,914 females (50.4%). The HBsAg sero-positivity of male and female students was 3.25% (n=381) and 2.59% (n=153) respectively. The anti-HBs sero-positivity of male and female students was 62.2% (n=3,154) and 64.1% (n=2,969) respectively. There are significant difference observed in comparison of HBsAg and anti-HBs seropositivity according to sex (p<0.05). From 1982 to 1986 on birth year, anti-HBs sero-positivity has been increased significantly from 63.3% to 73.3%. But the change of HBsAg sero-positivity has not been changed significantly. Conclusions : As compared with previous studies of HBsAg and anti-HBs, the sero-positive rate of HBsAg has not been changed but that of HBsAb has been increased significantly. This result revealed that the effect of HBV vaccination program was successful.

유년기 Ⅲ급 부정교합자에서 이모장치의 치료 효과에 관한 연구

남동석,서정훈,양원식,장영일 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 유년기의 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자에게 이모장치를 착용하여 치료하였을 때 나타나는 변화를, 보다 적절한 대조군을 이용하여 알아보고자 시행하였다. 이모장치를 이용하여 치료한 하악전돌의 골격성 III급 부정교합자중에서 치료 시작 시기가 약 7세경인 29명(남자 14명, 여자 15명)을 실험군으로 하였고, 비슷한 연령으로 골격적 상태가 유사하며 어떤 형태의 교정치료도 받지 않은 III급 부정교합자 21명(남자10명, 여자11명)을 대조군으로 하였다. 2년의 관찰 기간을 거쳐, 초기 및 2년 후의 두부방사선사진을 계측 분석하여 그 변화량을 비교한 결과 (t-test, p<0.05) 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 이모장치를 착용하지 않은 대조군에서는 악골의 부조화가 개선되지 않고, 심화되는 방향으로 성장하였다. 즉, 치료하지 않은 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자는 성장에 의해 개선이 일어나지 않음을 나타내었다. 이모장치를 착용한 실험군에서는 전후방 골격 부조화가 감소하였으며, 하악 전돌감이 개선되었다. 2. 두개저와 상악골의 성장은 이모장치에 의해 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 3. 이모장치의 하악골 성장억제 효과를 인정할 수 없었으나, 하악골의 성장 방향의 변화 및 성장 형태의 변화가 관찰되었다. 4. 이모장치 착용시 수직적 성장 경향이 증가하였다. 5. 연구 성적을 종합적으로 검토한 결과, 이모장치의 주된 치료 기전은 하악골의 후하방 회전과 변위이며, 성장 방향과 형태의 변화가 부분적으로 기여한다고 볼 수 있었다. 위의 결과를 종합해 보면 이모장치의 치료효과는 하악 골격 성장의 억제효과라기 보다는 하악골의 후방 회전과 변위에 의한 것이며 성장기 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자에서 골격 부조화의 개선 및 전돌감 해소에 유용한 장치라고 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the craniofacial skeleton subsequent to chincap therapy in the juvenile skeletal Class III malocclusion with more appropriate control samples. The experimental group consisted of 29 Korean children(14 males, 15 females) who had skeletal Class III malocclusion with prognathic mandible and were undergone chincap therapy from the beginning of treatment. The control group was composed of 21 Korean children(10 males,11 females) who had no orthodontic treatment, but with similar skeletal discrepancies to experimental group. Lateral cephalometric radiographs at the age of 7, and 2 years later were analyized and compared with student`s t-test(p<0.05). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The control group without chincap therapy had not shown any improvement of the skeletal discrepancies, but had grown to be much severe. This means that the untreated Class III patient with prognathic mandible would not be corrected by growth. For the experimental group with chincap therapy, the anterior-posterior skeletal discrepanices and mandibular prognathism were both improved. 2. Neither significant restraint nor acceleration of growth was found in the cranial base and maxilla by chincap treatment. 3. The inhibition of mandibular growth could not be accepted, but the changes of the direction of growth and morphological changes were found. 4. Vertical growth tendency was increased with chincap therapy. 5. When putting together the results of the analyses, it seems to be the rotation and displacement of the mandible that the major treatment effects of chincap are. The changes of the direction of growth and the morphological changes also seems to contibute to the treatment effect partly. In summary, the chincap doesn`t restrain the mandibular growth. But, it is considered as a useful treatment modality for correction of skeletal discrepancies and reduction of mandibular prognathism in growing Class III patients with madibular prognathism.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

폐동맥고혈압이 동반된 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 혈중 Brain Natriuretic Peptide, 폐동맥압 및 St. George Respiratory Questionnaire의 상관성과 안지 오텐신전환효소억제제 치료 효과

김명아 ( Myung A Kim ),김덕겸 ( Deog Kyeom Kim ),이창훈 ( Chang Hoon Lee ),정희순 ( Hee Soon Chung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2010 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.68 No.5

Background: Pulmonary hypertension is considered as a poor prognosis factor in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There has been reported brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) is related with increased right ventricular (RV) workloads. However, there are few studies that evaluate the relationship between BNP and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), RV function and St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score in patients with COPD, and the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on these parameters. Methods: Pulmonary function test, echocardiography, blood BNP, and SGRQ score were evaluated in stabilized moderate degree COPD patients (FEV1/FVC<70%, 50%≤FEV1<80%) aged 45 years and over, without worsening of symptoms within recent 3 months. After treating with ramipril 10 mg for 3 months, the same evaluation was repeated. Results: Twenty-two patients were included in this study. BNP was significantly correlated with PAP (Pearson coefficient ρ=0.51, p=0.02), but not with RV ejection fraction (EF) and predicted FEV1%. The values for predicted FEV1% showed significant correlation with SGRQ total score and activity score, but not with BNP or PAP. After ramipril treatment, PAP showed significant decrease (42.8±8.1vs.34.5±4.5 mm Hg p=0.0003), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion significant increase (21.5±3.3vs.22.7±3.1 mm p=0.009). BNP showed a tendency to decrease without statistical significance (40.8±59.6vs.18.0±9.1 pg/mL p=0.55). SGRQ scores showed no significant change. Conclusion: BNP showed significant correlation with resting PAP, which means BNP could be used as markers for pulmonary hypertension. Treatment with ACEI didn`t show significant change in the Level of BNP, while pulmonary hypertension and RV function were improved.

환축부 불안정성에 대한 굴곡신전 자기공명 영상

장한,김윤수,정창훈,이재문 대한척추외과학회 1994 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The atlantoaxial joint, provided with a relatively wide range of motion, is secured and supported chiefly by soft tissue such as ligaments and articular capsule with lit- tle bony support. Thus, relaxation or rupture of the soft tissue structures due to rheumatoid inflammation or trauma may easily cause instability or subluxation, resulting in compression of the spina cord and various degree of neurologic symp- toms. Although the degree of atlantoaxial instability can be assessed conveniently by flex- ion/extension lateral radiogram, it is difficult to recognize the cause of instability and quantify the cord compression during flexion/extension motion. This study has been carried out to prospectively diagnostic tool of atlantoaxial instability. We reviewed 17 patients with atlantoaxial instability who were taken MRI examina- tion and treated at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College between June,1991 and December,1993 and the following results were obtained: 1.Seventeen patients consisted of 5 men and 12 women aged 21 to 68 years(mean, 43 years) 2.Of 17 patients, 11 were rheumatoid arthritis; 4,trauma; one Os odontoideum; one dens nonunion. 3.The 11 patients with atlantoaxial instability of rheumatoid etiology could be clas- sified into three groups according to the cause of the instability and cord compres- sion as revealed by flexion/extension axial MRI: The first group (n=6) characterized by compression of the cord in flexion with relief in extension, was caused by lax transverse ligaments. In the second group (n=2), despite the instability from erosion of the dens, there was no direct cord compression because the transverse ligaments were intact. The third group (n=3) showed retrodental granulation tissue in addition to erosions in the dens and/ or ligaments laxity with resultant cord compression. 4.In the traumatic group, there were four patients with instability from lax or rup- tured transeverse ligaments and one case with cord compression due to instability accompanied by nonunion of the dens. 5.In the great majority of the patients, the degree of cord compression was propor- tional to atlantodental interval(ADI) both on flexion/extension lateral radiogram and MRI despite of the widening of ADI on radiogram. On the other hand, in group Ⅲ Rheumatoid arthritis, a marked cord compression was noted due to retrodental gran- ulation tissues in the absence of significant ADI change. In conclusion, flexon/extension sagittal and axial MRI was useful tor a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of atlantoaxial instability by noting the degree and cause of instability and cord compression on cervical motion.