Assessment of In Vitro Assay System for Thyroid HormoneDisruptors Using Rat Pituitary GH3 Cells

Hee Jin Kim1,Hae Young Park1,Jeonga Kim1,Il Hyun Kang2,Tae Sung Kim2,Soon Young Han2,Tae Seok Kang2,Kui Lea Park2,Hyung Sik Kim1 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.4

The development of in vitro assays has been recommended to screening and test-ing the potential endocrine disruptors (EDs). These assay systems focus only on identifying thethe thyroid hormone (TH) disruptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate a test system to detectTH disruptors using rat pituitary tumor GH3 cells. The test system is based on the TH-dependentincrease in growth rate. As expected, L-3,5,3-triiodothyronine (T3) markedly induced a morphologicalchange in GH 3 cells from flattened fibroblastic types to rounded or spindle-shaped types. T3 stimu-lated GH3 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum growth-stimulating effect9 M. In addition, T3 increased the release of growth hor-mone and prolactin into the medium of the GH3 cells culture. Using this assay system, the TH-dis-rupting activities of bisphenol A (BPA) and its related compounds were examined. BPA,dimethylbisphenol A (DMBPA), and TCI-EP significantly enhanced the growth of GH3 cells in therange of 1 × 10-5M to 1 × 10-6M concentrations. In conclusion, this in vitro assay system might bestandardization before it can be used as a broad-based screening tool.

Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

지역사회 연계를 고려한 진주종합경기장 활용방안 연구

강석진(Kang, Seok-Jin),안재우(Ahn, Jae-Woo),김지희(Kim, Ji-Hee),이현진(Lee, Hyun-Jin) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

Consumer Recognition Survey for Establishing the Reasonable Expiration Dates of Health Functional Foods

( Soo Jin Youn ),( Joo Youn Park ),( Hee Su Kim ),( Eun Jin Kang ),( Kil Jin Kang1 ),( Hye Kyung Park ),( Gun Hee Kim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2009 Food Quality and Culture Vol.3 No.2

This study investigated consumers` recognition on shelf life of health functional foods to set up their rational expiration date. For this study 107 male and female adults aged 20 to 59 years were randomly selected as major consumers of health functional foods. And their data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. The questionnaire included questions asking a consumer`s recognition on the shelf life of health functional foods and how to treat health function food passing its shelf life. In this study, the consumers were found to pay attentions considerably to the shelf life. But most of them did not know an accurate meaning of the shelf life of health functional food and mistook it for expiry date. In addition, the consumers doubted safety of health functional foods passing the shelf life. Therefore, education for consumers about an accurate meaning of the shelf life was needed. The results of this study were considered to be helpful to set up a reasonable expiration date for health functional food.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

한국 재래종 벼 품종의 이삭특성 및 형태

강희경,오민교,박용진 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

우리나라 재래종 벼 197품종과 생태형이 다른 자포니카 7품종, 인디카 3품종 및 통일형 5품종의 벼를 공시하여 각 품종의 이삭 특성을 밝히고 이들 형질간의 상관관계를 검토하였으며 특성에 따른 이삭형태의 분류를 실시하였다. 1. 재래종 벼 품종의 이삭 길이는 22.4 .05㎝, 현미의 천립중은 21.7 .35g로 자포니카와 비교하여 천립중은 같았으나 이삭 길이는 1.6㎝ 더 길었다. 2. 재래종 벼 품종의 1차지경 착생립수와 비율은 67.5 1.9립과 43.7 .14%이었고, 2차지경 착생립수와 비율은 91.2 0.7립과 56.3 .14%이었으며, 총립수는 158.1 5.8립으로 자포니카보다 44립 정도 더 많았다. 3. 재래종 벼 품종 현미의 장폭비는 1.70 .19로 자포니카와 유사하였으며 장립종도 몇 품종 존재하였다. 4. 1차지경 평균착생립수 각 절위별 2차지경수 및 2차지경 평균착생립수에 의한 재래종 벼 품종의 이삭형태를 분류한 결과 2차지경립 착생 하위우세형인 Ⅰ형에 2%, Ⅱ형에 10.7%, 중위우세형인 Ⅲ형에 67.5%, Ⅳ형에 18.3% 및 상위우세형인 Ⅴ형에 1.5%가 분포하였으며, 특히 1차지경 평균착생립수 5.1-5.5개의 Ⅲ형에 가장 많이 분포하였다. 5. 각 형질간의 상관관계에서 총립수와 2차지경 착생립수(0.921), 착립밀도와 평균 2차지경수(0.635)간에는 고도로 유의한 정의 상관이 인정되었다. The traits related to panicle are very important in improving the grain yield in cereals including rice. Characterization of panicle traits was conducted using 197 rice varieties of Korean landrace, 7 cultivars of Japonica, 3 cultivars of Indica and 5 cultivars of Tongil type to classify panicle types by distribution patterns of grains on panicle. In Korean landrace, average length of panicle and 1000-grains' weight of brown rice was 22.4±2.05㎝ and 21.7±2.35 g, respectively. Compare with Japonica. Iandrace was similar in 1000 grains' weight, but with a more longer panicle. Higher number of grains on each panicle (44 grains), was observed in landrace relative to the Japonica of rice. Panicle type was classified into five groups according to the number of grains on the primary rachis-branch, number of grain on the secondary rachis-branch and number of the secondary rachis-branches. According to panicle type based on distribution of grains, landrace was classified into five types. Most of the landrace grouped into panicle type Ⅲ, which is characterized as having many grains on the secondary rachis-branch in the middle position of panicle. Especially, frequency of panicle type Ⅲ which have 5.1-5.5 grains on the primary rachis-branch was higher than any other panicle type. In the case of correlation coefficient among panicle traits, highly positive significant correlations were observed in number of grain per panicle versus number of grains on the secondary rachis-branch(0.921) and in density of grain per unit panicle length versus number of secondary rachis-branch(0.635)

단일 전력단 능동 클램프형 고주파 공진 인버터에 관한 연구

강진욱,박재욱,원재선,배영호,김동희 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2002 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.30 No.2

This paper presents active-clamp type high frequency resonant inverter with single-stage. The proposed topology is an integrated circuit of active-clamp type high frequency resonant inverter with boost converters having the function of power factor correction. The input stage of the full-bridge boost rectifier works in discontinuous conduction mode(DCM) with constant duty cycle and variable switching frequency. Hence a high power factor operation is achieved naturally. By adding active-clamp circuit to conventional class-E high frequency inverter, main switch of inverter part operates not only at Zero-Voltage-Switching mode but also reduces the switching voltage stress of main switch. Theoretical analysis in converter part is performed with Psim 4.1 software tool and in inverter part is generally evaluated by using normalized parameter and characteristics values based on characteristics estimation through circuit analysis is given as basis data in design procedure. Also, experimental results are presented to verify theoretical discussion. This proposed inverter can be practically used as a power supply in the fields of induction heating applications, DC-DC converter, etc.

1차원 MWPC를 이용한 디지탈 사진촬영장치의 개발(Ⅲ)

강희동,조진호,박정병 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 연차보고서 Vol.1995 No.-

Digital Radiography 장치로 응용하기 위한 1차원 MWPC를 이용하여 X-선 위치검출기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 위치검출 방법은 병렬판독법으로 얻으며 스캐닝장치를 이용해 X-선 영상을 얻는다. 제작한 검출기의 위치분해능은 0.8㎜이고, 동시성 선택회로를 고안하여 위치분해능을 0.4㎜로 향상시켰다. 실제 얻은 디지탈 값에서 각 채널에 대한 보정인자를 곱함으로써 영상의 균일성을 증가시켰다. 디지탈 X-선 영상은 0.4㎜의 scanning 간격으로 각종 피사체에 대하여 320×320 화소의 영상을 얻었다. X-ray position detector was designed and fabricated. The detector was applied to digital radiography system. One-dimensional MWPC(Multiwire Propotional Chamber) is the main component of this system. The way of detecting the position of incident x-ray is the parallel readout method. Digital image data are acquired by using fan beam x-ray and a scanning system. The spatial resolution of the detector is 0.8㎜. Spatial resolution was improved by a factor of two(0.4㎜) with help of the coincidence selection circuit. Uniformity was improved by converting data with calibration factor for each channel. With help of scanning system which has 0.4㎜ scanning pitch, x-ray digital images of 320×320 pixels were obtained for a fish and a chicken's foot. Bone image is appeared clearly in these images.

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.