부산·울산·경남지역 직업병 감시체계

김정일,김병권,김정원,채창호,이철호,강동묵,김지홍,김진하,김영욱,이영하,이지호,김정호,윤형렬,유철인,정백근,장태원,김운규,윤동영,강진욱,김종은,안진홍,이동준,장준호,이광영,송혜란,최영희,이용환,조병만,최홍렬,고상백,김은아,이유진,홍영습,정갑열,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Objective: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases Methods: l l hospital participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted. Results: Between April 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7%) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9%). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6%) and 4 (12.1%) cases of occupational asthma, the agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10(58.8%) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5(29.4%) as adenoma. Conclusion: This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

Morin exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts via the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and the activation of the ERK pathway

Lee, Moon Hee,Han, Min Ho,Lee, Dae-Sung,Park, Cheol,Hong, Su-Hyun,Kim, Gi-Young,Hong, Sang Hoon,Song, Kyoung Seob,Choi, Il-Whan,Cha, Hee-Jae,Choi, Yung Hyun UNKNOWN 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.39 No.2

<P>In the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective efficacy of morin, a natural flavonoid, against oxidative stress and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in C2C12 myoblasts. Our results indicated that morin treatment prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure significantly increased cell viability and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species. H2O2-induced comet-like DNA formation and gamma H2AX phosphorylation were also markedly suppressed by morin with a parallel inhibition of apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts, suggesting that morin prevented H2O2-induced cellular DNA damage. Furthermore, morin markedly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the inhibition of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keapl) expression. Notably, these events were eliminated by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA. Additional experiments demonstrated that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by morin was mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. This phenomenon was confirmed with suppressed Nrf2 phosphorylation and consequently diminished HO-1 expression in cells treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK. Collectively, these results demonstrated that morin augments the cellular antioxidant defense capacity through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, which involves the activation of the ERK pathway, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from H2O2,-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.</P>

Involvement of Nrf2-Mediated Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mollugin-Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer Cells

Lee, Young-Man,Auh, Q-Schick,Lee, Deok-Won,Kim, Jun-Yeol,Jung, Ha-Jin,Lee, Seung-Ho,Kim, Eun-Cheol Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 BioMed research international Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Although previous studies have shown that mollugin, a bioactive phytochemical isolated from <I>Rubia cordifolia</I> L. (Rubiaceae), exhibits antitumor effects, its biological activity in oral cancer has not been reported. We thus investigated the effects and putative mechanism of apoptosis induced by mollugin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs). Results show that mollugin induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner in primary and metastatic OSCCs. Mollugin-induced cell death involved apoptosis, characterized by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage, flow cytometric analysis of sub-G<SUB>1</SUB> phase arrest, and annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed that mollugin suppressed activation of NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B and NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B-dependent gene products involved in antiapoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl), invasion (MMP-9 and ICAM-1), and angiogenesis (FGF-2 and VEGF). Furthermore, mollugin induced the activation of p38, ERK, and JNK and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of HO-1 were reversed by an HO-1 inhibitor and Nrf2 siRNA. Collectively, this is the first report to demonstrate the effectiveness of mollugin as a candidate for a chemotherapeutic agent in OSCCs via the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf2 pathways and the downregulation of NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B.</P>

Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

공기청정기의 일부 실내공기 오염물질 제거효율에 관한 연구

이태형,김윤신,홍승철,이철민,김종철,전형진,김중호 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.5

In this study, we investigated PM_(10), NO₂, and 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) in urine at indoor environments which are 35 houses and 20 hospitals for using air cleaner and non-using air cleaner in Seoul metropolitan area and Kyoung-gi province from April, 2003 to February, 2004. Moreover, we examined effect of improvement for indoor air quality and health effect by concentration of 1-OHP also we investigated removal efficiency by air cleaner for PM_(10), NO₂, and 1-OHP that were 28.5%, 27.4%, and 42.1% respectively. Concentration of PM_(10), NO₂, and 1-OHP were 19.02±18.14μg/m³, 8.66±3.06ppb, and 0.19±0.18μg/g creatinine when air cleaner was no worked. The concentration for PM_(10), NO₂ and 1-OHP were 13.60+10.79μg/m³, 6.29±2.71ppb, and 0.11±0.10μg/g creatinine, respectively. It was significant statistically. Therefore, it is considered using the air cleaner to remove the partial pollutants in indoor environment and is positive effect for health.

조구등(釣鉤藤)의 4-VO로 유발한 흰쥐뇌허혈에 대한 신경방어효과

李仁煥,林康鉉,李鍾錫,石庚浩,安德均,朴虎君,김頀哲 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus(UR, ???) has sweet in flavour and slightly cold in property, acting on the liver and pericardium channels. This drug was described in a medical classic as having the ability to remove "heat", check hyperfunction of the liver and relieve dizziness, tremors, and convulsion, and subdue "endogenous wind". So this study was planned to check the neuroprotective effect of UR on the global ischemia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wistar rats. and UR extract was lyophilized after extraction with 70% methanol. We induced 4-vessel occlusion for 10 minutes and reperfused again. The number of CA1 pyramidal neurons were counted after 7 days of reperfusion under the cresyl violet staining. In 4-VO ischemia model, UR showed significantly neuroprotective effects(1,000 and 500 ㎎/㎏ of UR extracts, p<0.05) compared with control group. Each neuroprotective ratio was about 23.0%, 19.0% respectively. Consequently, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus has neuroprotective effects on the global ischermia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wistar rats. So we expect that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can be used as a drug for neurodegenerative disease.

Validation of the oxford classification of iga nephropathy: A Single-Center Study in Korean Adults

( Ho Young Lee ),( Sul Hee Yi ),( Mi Seon Seo ),( Jin Nam Hyun ),( Jin Seok Jeon ),( Hyunjin Noh ),( Dong Cheol Han ),( Seung Duk Hwang ),( So Young Jin ),( Soon Hyo Kwon ) 대한내과학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.27 No.3

Background/Aims: The recently published Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) proposed a split system for histological grading, based on prognostic pathological features. This new classification system must be validated in a variety of cohorts. We investigated whether these pathological features were applicable to an adult Korean population. Methods: In total, 69 adult Korean patients with IgAN were analyzed using the Oxford classification system at Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. All cases were categorized according to Lee`s classification. Renal biopsies from all patients were scored by a pathologist who was blinded to the clinical data for pathological variables. Inclusion criteria were age greater than 18 years and at least 36 months of follow-up. We excluded cases with secondary IgAN, diabetic nephropathy combined other glomerulopathies, less than 36 months of follow-up, and those that progressed rapidly. Results: The median age of the patients was 34 years (range, 27 to 45). Mean arterial blood pressure was 97 ± 10 mmHg at the time of biopsy. The median follow-up period was 85 months (range, 60 to 114). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant prognostic predictions for M, E, and T lesions. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis also revealed prognostic predictions for E and T lesions. Conclusions: Using the Oxford classification in IgAN, E, and T lesions predicted renal outcome in Korean adults after taking clinical variables into account.

유기용제노출이 직업적 청력손실에 미치는 영향

이지호,고영주,이헌,강정학,유철인,이충렬,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

목적 : 산업 장에서 노출되는 유기용제가 청력역치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 5년 동안의 추적조사를 통하여 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 유기용제와 소음에 동시에 노출된 근로자 43명과 소음노출수준, 연령, 근무경력을 짝짓기 한소음노출군을 대상으로 문진과 이경검사, 소음노출 수준, 유기용제노출수준을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1. 전체 근로자의 각 주파수별 청력역치 변화양상에서 500Hz∼2000Hz에서는 추적기간 동 소음동안 현저한 변화가 없었고, 4000Hz 및 8000Hz에서는 역치가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 2.유기용제와 소음에 동시에 노출된군에서 소음 노출군에 비해 4000Hz 이상에서 청력역치가 높게 나타났으나, 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(p(0.05). 3.반복측정 분산분석 법으로 각 주파수별 평균청력 역치의 연차적 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 유기용제 노출은 통계적으로 유의한 영향이 없었으나(p)0.05), 소음노출수준은 250Hz, 2000Hz 및 4000Hz에서, 연령은 250Hz와 500Hz에서 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p(0.05). 4.소음노출군파 동시노출군 각각에서의 청력역치 변화량을 paired t-test로 비교한 결과 250Hz∼4000Hz에서는 통계학적 유의성이 없었으며(p(0.1), 8000Hz에서만 경계치 (p=0.0884)의 유의성을 나타내었다. 5.요인들의 영향을 보정한 상태에서 관찰하기 위해 관찰기간동안의 청력역치변화량을 종속변수로 두고 일반선형모형을 이용하여 주파수별로 관찰한 결과 8000Hz에서만 모델에 통계학적 유의성이 있었으며 (p(0.05), 여기서 소음노출수준이 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고(p(0.05), 유기용제노출은 경 계수준이 었다(p=0.087). 결론 : 청력에 대한 유기용제의 영향이 소음과 연령에 비해 상대적으로 미미하여 명확한 결론에 이르지는 못하였으나, 다소 영향이 있는 것으로 생각되어 유기용제의 영향에 대한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 보다 효과적인 근로자들의 청력관리를 위해서는 소음 외 산업 장에서 동시에 노출되는 여러 유해물질들을 고려하여야 할 것이다. Objectives : This study was to evaluate the impacts of simultaneous exposure to noise and mixed solvents on workers'hearing threshold level (HTL) over five-year period. Methods : The study was conducted by interview and annual audiometric test on workers in ship building industry from 1994 to 1998. The cases(workers who exposed to noise and mixed solvent simultaneously) were 43 male workers and controls (workers who exposed to nolle) were selected by matching method with regard to age, sex, carrier, and noise exposure level. To assess the impacts of solvent exposure on hearing threshold level, with considering other factors, general liner model was used. Results : 1. The audiogram of all subjects showed typical sensorineural hearing loss pattern. The mean HTLe were increased at high frequency (4000HB and 8000Hz) for study period. 2. The HTLs of cases were more increased than those of controls at high frequencies (4000Hz and 8000Hz), but there was not statlstical significance. 3. The impact of age on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz and 500Hz (p(0.05), and the impact of noise on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz (p(0.05), but the impact solvent exposure on the HTL was not significant. 4. The changes in HTLs of cases were higher than those of controls at high frequency, there were not statistical significance at 4000Hz, but only at 8000Hz (p=0.087). 5. Statistical analysis of the general linear model implicated that the changes in HTL was impacted by noise exposure bevel significantly (p=0.031) and Impacted by solvent exposure weakly (p=0.087) at 8000Hz. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that workers who simultaneously exposed to noise and mixed solvent were at risk for more affected HTL than those exposed to noise exposure only, but we could not find definitive evidence. Further detailed studies must be made in large number of workers.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

Elastic Lateral Drift of Haunch Repaired Steel Moment-Resisting Frames

Lee, Cheol-ho 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1996 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

최근에 수행된 철골 보-기둥 부분골조의 정적/동적 실물대실험(full-scale test) 결과에 의하면 보의 하부에 헌치를 추가하여 보강하는 방안이 철골멘트골조의 내진성능의 향상에 매우 효과적임이 밝혀지고 있다. 그러나 헌치 보강 구조물의 시스템거동이나 헌기보강에 따른 부차효과에 대해서는 현재 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 헌치보강이 철골모멘트골조의 탄성횡강성에 미치는 영향을 평가할 수 잇는 해석적 방안을 제시하였다. 즉 고전적 포탈법의 가정에 의해 얻어지는 내부의 보-기둥 부분골조를 대상으로 하여 기둥, 보 및 이중패널존에서 기인하는 각각의 탄성 횡변위성분 산정식을 해석적으로 유도하였다. 본 유도와 관련하여 핵심이 되는 것은 이중패널존의 전단병형에서 기인하는 횡변위성분을 산정하는 것으로서 필자가 최근에 제시한 이중패널존의 해석적 모형화 방안(Lee-Uang 1997)에 기초하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 아직 잘 밝혀지지 않은 헌치보강에 따른 부차효과의 파악 및 탄성 횡강성 증가를 신속하게 예측하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. Recent test results of steel moment connections repaired with a haunch on the bottom side of the beam have been shown to be a very promising solution to enhancing the seismic performance of steel moment-resisting frames (steel MRFs). Yet. little is known about the overall seismic performance of haunch repaired structures and possible side effects arising from the haunch reinforcement. This repair scheme will also accompany the increase of lateral stiffness of the structure by some amounts due to the increased stiffness of the beam-column connection. In this paper, an approximate analytical formulation was sought to quantify the effects of haunch reinforcement on the elastic lateral drift of steel MRFs. The lateral drift component coming from the dual panel zone flexibility was formulated based on the analytical modeling procedure recently proposed by the author (Lee-Uang 1997). This formulation was among the most significant consideration in this study. The derived results can help engineers in understanding possible side effects arising from the haunch reinforcement and can also be used as a useful aid in the preliminary drift design.