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장태원 영남중국어문학회 1990 중국어문학 Vol.17 No.1
本文首先規定漢語時態定義, 分出時態的種類. 然後考察現代國語中的連續態和完成態表現詞來規明타們的意義. 時態的意義, 從本質義和文脈義兩方面來分析, 而認定在多樣的統辭結構中時態意義的活用. 使用語言時, 在談話中說話者應該給聽話者提供由於經驗上或從經驗上類推而兩者可能共同認識的情報. 爲提供完整的情報, 特別是描述情況時, 語言情報應該包括在普遍時間內不含有情況發生或流變的曖昧性的現實語言生活中已被具體化的指稱(referentiality)的意義用來描述情況. 漢語時態是術語的語法範疇, 不表「情況時間和任何別的外部時點關聯性, 而是表關於情況內部本身的時間結構的.」卽時態是在情況內部時點來解釋被句子述部所表現的情況內部結構的方式. 在漢語中解釋該情況內部結構的樣相是有兩種方式. 一種是連續性. 「了」表示情況內部結構的整體性而「着」表現情況內部結構的連續性.
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장태원 영남중국어문학회 1988 중국어문학 Vol.15 No.1
我們在本文中討論了「了」字的語意和演變歷史. 在這裡再扼要地陳述一次. 1. 完結(completion) 表連的是「情況連到動作或事件所趨向的終點」的意思. 大致上從南北朝到明代「了」[liao]字在句子中用作結果補語來表達. 2. 現代國語中所謂完成能「了」所表達的意義竝不是「completion」, 而是「perfectivity」. 「perfectivity」. 竝不含有 「情況達到行動或事件所趨向的終點」的意思. 當句子受了「了」字語法功能的影響以後, 被看作一件整體性的情況. 我們稱這種「了」字的語意功能卽是「perfectivity」. 我們說「他寫了一封信」的時候, 「了」所表達的竝不是「他寫完一封信」的意思, 而是表達「他寫信」這事件的整體化. 當情況被視作整體性的時候, 由該情況的自然趨向的觀點來看, 可以說這情況是完成的. 因此我們把用句中「了」的整體性思想來表達完成的動貌(Aspect)稱爲完成態 (perfective aspect)而且把用句末「了」的整體性意思來表達的完成和狀況變化義的動貌爲稱變化態(changed aspect) 3. 表達「終結」義的「了」字在前漢的동約中就已經使用了. 後漢, 吳和兩晋的譯經中繼續延用, 當時「了」字在句子中用作術語. 到了南北朝, 漸漸用作結果補語來表達完結(conplection)義. 到了十九世紀以後, 「了」字喪實타的動詞性語意而成爲虛詞, 不再充當結果補語而是作爲語助辭或尾來表達動貌. 4. 現代國語中出現在句中末的「了」, 有同一的淵源, 就語法功能來說兩者是基本上同樣的詞彙, 所以我們反對趙元任先生主張的句末「了」的重覆音省略的說法.
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장태원,최지수,김회기Hoi-Ki Kim,이은자,한만욱,이기범,김도완,박재호 한국자원식물학회 2018 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.31 No.6
In this study, we evaluated the whitening activity of prethanol A and water extracts from Abeliophyllum distichumNakai. The extracts were prepared using 0, 50, 70, and 100% prethanol A at 121℃, 1.2 atm for 15 minutes. To confirmeffective extraction, the acteoside content of each extract was analyzed with the HPLC-PDA method. The antioxidantactivity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity assays, and the whitening activity was evaluated basedon inhibitory activities on the protein and mRNA expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1),tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in B16 F10 cells. Eachextract showed strong antioxidant and whitening activity. IC50 values of antioxidant activity from each extract were in orderof 100%, 70%, 50%, and 0%. In addition, whitening activity inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of melaninsynthesis factor, following the same pattern as antioxidant activity. In conclusion, water and prethanol A extracts of A. distichum showed effective antioxidant and whitening activity and are thus considered to be valuable materials forwhitening cosmetics. The results of this study will also provide basic data for the safe and efficient production of A. distichum as a cosmetic material.
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장태원,최지수,김희기,이은자,이기범,권태형,김도완,안정좌,박재호 한국자원식물학회 2019 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.32 No.6
Oxidative DNA damage negatively affects humans and the research is currently ongoing to find ways to reduce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been identified as a key factor in triggering various diseases. Thus, its alleviation is important for human health. Broussonetia kazinoki (B. kazinoki) has been used in traditional Korean medicine as a dermatological therapy to treat burns, pruritus, and acne. B. kazinoki is generally segregated into peeled root (PR), root bark (RB), peeled stem (PS), and stem bark (SB). To assess these components for their antioxidant activity and protection against DNA damage, their ethyl acetate fractions were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. As a result of confirming the expression of factors involved in attenuating DNA damage, the protective effect of SB on oxidative stress suppressed the expression of p-p53 and γ-H2AX. Additionally, the levels of p53 and H2AX mRNA were significantly downregulated. In conclusion, these results indicated that the SB component of B. kazinoki had the potential to be used as an effective natural antioxidant compared to the other parts of the plant.
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장태원,조태근,곽가람 고려대학교 교과교육연구소 2019 교과교육연구 Vol.12 No.2
The purpose of this study is to analyze the students' characteristics of solving real-life problems using words and visual mediators used by students. We selected 6 high school sophomores and interviewed them and analyzed their study. As a result, the real-life problem varies in reality among students and the students' experience becomes the factor that determines practicality. In addition, the higher the students' ability to solve problems, the less influenced they were by words and visual mediators. Therefore, we can see the need to provide students with words or visual mediators that can be the main body of problem solving.
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장태원,김윤규,윤동영,이창희,홍영습,신해림,정갑열,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4
Objectives : This study was carried out to suggest preventive methods for hypertension in cold-exposed workers. Methods : In 11 refs·iteration industries, 68 workers working in refrigerated areas more than one time per day were selected as the exposed group, and 68 workers not exposed to cold were selected as the control group. We interviewed the subjects with a questionnaire covering occupational history, and conducted clinical and laboratory tests including measurements of blood pressure and core temperature. Results : The systolic blood pressure in the exposed group(130.0±13.3 mmHg) was significantly higher than that recorded In the control group(118.3±12.1 mmHg), as was the diastolic blood pressure in the exposed group(82.7±8.5 mmHg) versus the control group(77.4±8.7 mmHg). The core temperature in the exposed group(36.1±0.7℃) was significantly lower than that experienced in the control group (36.4±0.5℃). In logistic regression analysis, age, cold exposure severity and milk intake were significant variables, with odds ratios of 5.204(95 % CI 1.440∼18.812), 2.674(95 % CI 1.080∼6.618), and 0.364(95 % Cl 0.141∼0.942) , respectively. Conclusions : Our study suggests that cold-exposed workers have higher a higher risk of hypertension, and that their core temperature is lower. Risk factors affecting hyper-tension of cold-exposed workers include age, cold exposure severity and milk intake. For the prevention of hypertension, cold-exposed workers should minimize cold-exposure time as much as possible.
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