한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

분만 전·후 사료급여 형태가 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향

기광석,김현섭,이왕식,이현준,김상범,정하연,은정식,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This experiment was carried out to protect drops of feed intake should be plural prepartum and postpartum to reduce metabolic diseases after calving to know how feeding systems, which is divided as a low quility, a high quility and total mixed rations(TMR), affects on postpartum productivity of Holistein cows. Three diets (low or high quality forage separately fed with concentrate and TMR containing high quality roughage) were fed to 21 cows from 3 weeks prepartum to 8 weeks postpartum to examine their effects on the productivity of cows. DM intakes was noticed significantly higher with TMR (17.11kg/day) than low- quality (13.48 kg/day) and high-quality forage (13.10kg/day). TDN and CP intakes were also higher with TMR compared to other experimental diets. Mean daily milk yield was non-significant among the cows fed different diets. Blood non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) content was higher in cows fed low-quality or high-quality forage separately with concentrate compared with those fed TMR. The results concluded that TMR feeding to transitional cows is better than feeding the low or high quality forage separately for their health and productivity. 본 시험은 분만 전 3주부터 분만 후 3주까지 전환기라고 지칭되는 시기의 젖소들에 대한 대사적 변화를 최소화하기 위한 방법으로 사료 섭취량 저하를 방지하고 분만 후 대사성 질병의 발생을 줄이기 위한 목적으로 수행되어졌다. 대사성 질병에 관여하는 주요 요인으로는 건물섭취량, 혈중 glucose 함량, NEFA 함량, 반추위 환경, 면역 등인데, 분만 전·후 Holstein 젖소에 사료급여 형태를 조·농분리(저질 조사료와 양질 조사료 급여구) 및 TMR로 다르게 하였을 때 사료섭취량 변화와 혈중 NEFA 및 glucose 함량 변화를 측정하고 분만 후 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 처리별 사료건물 섭취량은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 13.48, 13.10, 17.11kg으로 TMR 급여구에서 유의성 있게 높았으며(P〈0.05), TDN 섭취량은 처리구별 각각 7.35, 7.19, 5.66kg으로 처리간에 차이가 없었다(P〉0.05). 신체충실지수(BCS)는 저질조사료구에서는 3.03이였으며, 양질 조사료구와 TMR 급여구에서는 각각 3.19, 3.16이었다. 분만후 1주부터 5주까지 측정한 평균 산유량은 저질조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 34.1, 35.1, 35.6kg 였으며, 분만 후 4∼5주에 최고 비유기에 달했다. 처리별 평균 유지율은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 3.74, 3.68, 3.95%였다. 혈청내 NEFA 함량은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 744.4, 381.8,266.7μEq/L로 처리간에 큰 차이를 보여 양질 조사료 급여와 TMR 급여시 혈중 NEFA 함량이 저질 조사료 급여에 이해 유의성 있게 낮았다(P〈0.05). 혈청내 glucose함량은 저질조사료 및 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 39.3, 56.3, 62.4mg/dl로 양질 조사료 급여와 TMR 급여시 혈중 glucose 함량이 저질 조사료급여에 비해 유의성 있게 높았다(P〈0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 분만 전 3주부터 분만 후 3주까지의 전환기 동안 사료섭취량 증가와 대사성 질병의 지표로서 혈중 NEFA 및glucose 함량 변화를 살펴 본 결과 분만 전 3주부터는 양질의 조사료나 TMR 형태로 급여하는 것이 사료섭취량 증가와 대사성 질병의 발생을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

초등학생에서 인두배양과 항-OF 항체 보유율

정현주,김선주,김윤정,맹국영,정현주,김선주,김윤정,맹국영 대한임상병리학회 1998 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.18 No.3

패각류를 함유한 해사 사용 철근콘크리트의 강도특성 및 전단에 관한 실험적 연구

김정섭,조철희,최진석,김민국 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2002 建設技術硏究 Vol.22 No.1

This study makes experimental specimen to examine durability of concrete and structural characteristics of reinforced concrete beams such as shear behavior and destruction according to contents of shells in concrete using sea sand containing river sand and shells (8%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) and age. evaluates its load, deflection, crack and destruction from load increase and ductility capacity and aims a t supplying the data for applying it to actual structures. The results obtained through material test of concrete and static experiment of members using sea sand containing river sand and shells are as follows; 1. As a result of strength test by shell contents, it is found that compressive strength of specimen using sea sand containing 8% of shells is highest and the more shell contents are, its compressive strength is reduced. 2. The compressive-strength of the specimen used sea sand contained shell by 8% was decreased by 7.8% in the specimen of aged 28 days and 4% in one of aged 365 days compared with the river sand one. 3. In the destruction aspect of shear experiment, the early crack was load 4.94∼21.8lkgf/㎠, yield load 26.17∼37.95kgf/㎠, maximum load 37.95∼53.42 kgf/㎠. 4. In shear test of reinforced concrete beam, it is found that specimen using sea sand containing shells has lower ductility capacity than the specimen using river sand and the more shell contents are, crack is occurred in low load and velocity of deflection of members is faster.

혼화재 및 폴리프로필렌섬유의 사용에 따른 콘크리트의 품질변화에 대한 기초적 연구

김정섭,손순채,조창호,최진석,김민국 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2001 建設技術硏究 Vol.21 No.1

This study is to identify the effect of using admixture and polypropylene fiber on the quality of concrete. The results of the changes in the quality of concrete that has not yet hardened and concrete that has hardened is as follows: 1. Depending on the proportions of admixture, the greater the fly ash content and the lower slag and silica fume, the greater the slump. Admixture and polypropylene together contributed to increased slump. 2. The more fly ash, slag and silica fume added, the less the air. 3. After 360 days of age, greater fly ash content contributed to a lower compressive strength, while greater slag added to higher compressive strength. Silica fume shows a high compressive strength when 10% of silica fume was added on the 360th day of age. 4. Tensile Strength at 360 days of age, the less fly ash and the more slag, the higher the tensile strength. Silica fume at 360 days of age increase strength when the mixing proportion was 30%. 5. The more fly ash and the less slag and silica fume that were mixed, the greater the fire resistance. When added to and polypropylene fiber, the fire resistance of concrete of no effect. 6. The more fly ash and silica fume, the more carbonation shown and when there was only 10% slag present, the neutralization was also shown.

운동 선수들의 흡연에 관한 연구

김창림,권정국 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 自然科學 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 경기성적의 향상을 위한 컨디션 조정에는 식사, 수면, 생활시간의 배분 등을 비롯한 많은 인자가 영향을 주고 있으며, 흡연습관도 그 중의 중요한 인자라고 생각할 수 있다. 여기서 이번 T시내의 T, C, H, M대학교 운동선수의 흡연습관을 중점으로 생활습관도 조사하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 운동선수의 흡연율은 약 70%로 나타났다. (2) 흡연의 좋은 점에 관해서는 "기분 전환이 된다."(67.8%), "침착해진다."(21.1%), "잠이 깬다." (7.8%) 등 세 가지에 집중되었다. (3) 흡연의 나쁜 점은 "건강을 해친다."(35.4%)가 가장 많고, 다음으로 "체력이 떨어진다"(33.6%) 순이다. (4) 비흡연자의 담배를 피우지 않는 이유는 "건강에 나쁘다."(40.0%)가 가장 많고, "운동에 지장이 있다."(30.3%), "담배가 싫다."(10.0%) 등이다. (5) 이번 조사의 대상자중 52.2%가 선수생활에 있어서 흡연의 영향에 대해서 "지구력이 없어진다."고 회답하고 있으며, 흡연은 선수생활에 악영향을 미친다고 알고 있었다. (6) 식사나 수면에 관해서는 흡연자나 비흡연자 모두 큰 차이 없었다. 종목별 비교에서도 종목간에의 차이는 없었다. (7) 식사지수는 농구, 배구, 체조 등은 낮고, 펜싱, 검도, 복싱은 높고, 이외 종목은 중간 정도 수치를 표시 했다. This study has been done to find the smoking habits of the players to affect the play, Many factors such as meals, sleeping, and division of the living time are affecting the condition control to improve the results of the games. Here, we surveyed the smoking habits of the players in the universities (T, C, H, & M univ.) in the players in the T-city, and got the results as follows. 1. The smoking rate of the players is percents. 2. As for the useful things of smoking are "be refreshed himself"(67.8%), "be calm"(21.1%), "wake from sleep"(7.8%). 3. As for the harmful things of smoking are "do harm for the health"(35.4%) is the highest and then "decease physical strength"(33.6%). 4. The reasons why he does not smoke are "not good for health"(40.0%), "have trouble to play"(30.0%), "do not like smoking"(10.0%). 5. About the question of effect of smoking to the players, 52.2 percents of the models of this survey answered "decrease endurance power" and also think that smoking has a bad influence on the players. 6. About the meals and sleeping, there is no difference between smokers and non-smokers, between the sports events. 7. An index of the meals of basket ball, volley ball and gymnastics is low that of fencing, kumdo, boxing is high, and others are middle.

태권도 국가대표선수의 경기력에 관한 질적 연구

김을교,정국현 명지대학교 예체능연구소 2003 藝體能論集 Vol.14 No.-

The objective of this research is to analyze the comprehensive factors of competitive ability In national team taekwondo athletes. In order to achieve this objective, a case study was effected using 3 male and 3 female national team athletes, and 3 male and 2 female national team coaches Data was collected through In-depth interviews and perusal of relevant literature. Data was treated using an Inductive method of analysis, and the study's reliability, relevance, and ethical soundness were sufficiently demonstrated. Factors affecting the competitive ability of national team taekwondo athletes were divided into coaching factors, athlete factors, and environmental factors A synopsis of the analysis and conclusions of this study are as follows: First, aspects of coaching factors which influence athlete's competitive ability are the personality of the coach and his/her level of specialized knowledge as well as personal development and physical maintenance. It was found that the coach's character and personality are important factor's In training athletes Toward that end, the coach must have passion and demonstrate exemplary, responsible behavior. Coaches must possess specialized knowledge related to the enhancement of athlete's competitive ability. Scientific training can be carried out based on such specialized knowledge, Scientific training refers to systematic training and management which has been tailored to meet the personal needs of each athlete. In order to effectively train athletes, the coach must continuously improve him or herself and maintain good personal fitness. The coach must always be cognizant of changes in competition rules and international sport practices. Further, they must make unceasing efforts to further their own knowledge. Second, aspects of athlete factors influencing competitive ability include physical, technical, psychological, and personal maintenance considerations. Physical factors are proper body type and necessary physical fitness. When considering body type, just being tall or having long legs are not the entire picture, having well-balanced and proportional physical characteristics are most beneficial for the athlete. Regarding the athlete's physical fitness, the most important factors are muscular endurance, quick reaction time, and agility. Technical factors include basic technique and match control ability, Most importantly, teakwondo athletes must have must have mastered all basic techniques and have solid match management abilities developed through experience. Psychological factors include concentration, the desire to win, the necessary mind-set, and media appeal. Elite athletes like national team members must give as much weight to psychological factors which enhance competitive ability as they do to any other factors. Mental spirit or desire to win manifest themselves during training or competition as high levels of concentration and result in the athlete being able to perform at the highest level. Personal maintenance includes such factors as personal training and weight control and signifies the ability by the athlete to control all aspect of their lives that impact on competitive ability. National team level elite athletes all have, to some degree, good personal management habits whether it be weight control or conditioning all have their own ways of coping with pre-match nervousness and tension. In addition, they have their own methods of reducing stress accrued during training. Third, environmental factors which influence competitive ability in national team athletes include training facility atmosphere, refereeing, facilities and support. The training facility atmosphere should be such that athletes can train anytime they choose.In order to facilitate this, personal relations between teammates and junior-senior relations must be harmonious. Relations between athletes, between athletes and coaches, and between coaches themselves must be based on mutual trust and reliability. In other words, when the training atmosphere is supported by a foundation of mutual trust, training effectiveness can be maximized. During a match, the referee exerts a great deal of influence on the flow of that match Therefore, It is of utmost importance that the referee render impartial judgements in all cases. In order to improve competitive ability, important factors other that the effort of athletes and coaches include the active support of parents Also, other support in the form of facilities and training must be effected the support of the national federation In the process of training, steady communication between athletes and coaching staff regarding even the trivialities of everyday life and training is an important factor In improving competitive ability The trust required for this king of communication is formed the everyday actions of the coach which prove him or her to be one of exemplary character, reliable in word and action and fair in all matters large and small.

Light Scattering Study of Glass Transition Temperatures of Glucose-Water Mixtures

서정아,오지영,김형국,황윤회 부산대학교 유전체물성연구소 2004 유전체 논문집 Vol.3 No.

We studied glass transition temperatures of glucose-water mixtures by using Brillouin light scattering. We fitted the polarized components of the Brillouin spectra measured by backscattering geometry to simple Lorentzian form and estimated the glass transition temperature from the slope of the temperature-dependent Brillouin peak shift.

복합 재료 접합부의 크랙 전파 거동

김영배,국정한 韓國技術敎育大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

Recently, with the increasing use of reinforced composite materials as structure components, the study on fracture strength of composite materials has received wide attention. The stress intensity factor at the tip of the crack, and the stress of crack tip between the matrix and reinforced material are discussed. From the results it was concluded that : Variation of stress intensity factor is increased as the elastic modulus rate between base material and composite material is increased. And the crack propagation rate decreased or increased according to the position of composite material.