Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

The Effects of Physical Fitness and Satisfaction on According to Different Exercise Method in College Students

( Bog Ja Jeoung ),( Yu Jin Jeong ),( Eun Bin Kim ),( Eun Sol Cho ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose : In previous researches, we learned that exercising promotes physical fitness ,strength and positive change in the physical satisfaction level but reviewing previous researches, there was a limit in our finding as it was based on a singular physical activity or exercise and we could not exactly find out which exercise provided the most physical change and satisfaction level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out effects of physical fitness and satisfaction according to participate in exercise method(circuit strength, weight bearing program and badminton). Method: Twelve college students participated exercise program(circuit strength program : n=4, weight bearing program : n=4 and badminton : n=4) who measured 20m PACER, push-up, grip strength, sit-up and sit-reach and body composition, and satisfaction which ``Sports Participants Satisfaction Questionnaire`` developed by Yoo et al(2010). The questionnaire covered improving physical function (3), improved exercise capacity (3), promote social and psychological benefits (3), two healthy living (2) which consisted of total of 14 questions with 5 multiple choices. With regard to the body satisfaction level survey, we have used the BSQ: Body Shape Questionnaire developed in 1987 by Cooper, Taylor and Fairvurn. Park, Eun-ah and Noh, Young-kyung was edited the BSQ questionnaire for this research. The body satisfaction level survey consisted of four sub-variables and a total of 27 questions. Result: First, there is a high level of increase overall in physical strength measurement results especially in sit-ups, flexibility, push-ups and cardiovascular endurance. However, there was little difference between the groups in terms stamina changes while we could not compare physical strength changes based on the type of exercise. Second, there was a slight decrease in weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference with regard to physical changes. However, the physical changes between groups were small while there was no physical change based on the type of exercise. In addition, the was no changes in the level of satisfaction based on after and before exercising while there was only slight difference exercise groups. Third, overall satisfaction level showed significant increase among the exercise groups while the health exercise showed the highest level of satisfaction followed by badminton and circuit training. In terms of exercise satisfaction level by category, physical function improvement and improved exercise capacity showed the highest level of increase and there was little difference in the exercise satisfaction level based on the exercise type. Fourth, if we look at the satisfaction level for physical strength change, satisfaction level was high for strength and agility category but showed no changes between exercise groups. Conclusion: This research is the study of the satisfaction level and changes in physical and physical strength based on three different exercises for different exercise groups. Based on the results of the study, exercising regularly helps increase the overall physical level in all exercise groups and the satisfaction level gradually increases. However, there was little difference between the exercise groups and this research was unable to verify the difference based on the exercise groups. Since the research was limited to 12 participants, a follow-up research should be conducted based on an extended level of participants.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

하루 콩단백질 25g 섭취를 위한 메뉴작성 및 영양성분 분석

한재숙,김정애,서봉순,이연정,서향순,조연숙,한경필,이신정,오옥희,우경자,조은자,구성자,김수진,李承彦,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop menus for daily intake of 25g soybean protein and to analyse nutrients of these foods. Analytical values were compared to the theoretical one using the food composition table and recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th revision). The results are as follows. 1. Soybean curd residue stew, Soybean curd, Kimchi saute, and hard boiled soybean and lotus root were selected for the menu for January, of which the content of soy bean protein(SBP) was 33.1g, soybean stew, soybean curd and soybean sprout saute, and Italian deep fried soybean curd were for February, of which the content of SBP was 35.0g. The content of SBP in soybean paste soup with soybean curd, fried soybean curd and fried soybean curd roll, the menu for March, was 24.9g. That of April were soybean curd gratin with soymilk, soybean curd and ham with garlic dressing and the content of SBP was 26.3g. That of May were soybean porridge, soybean flour cake with honey (Dasik), soybean sprout soup and the content of SBP was 26.7g. That of June were soymilk, pan-fried soybean curd, steamed soybean curd with chicken and the content of SBP was 28.4g. That of July were noodle with soymilk, mapatofu, soybean curd salad and the content of SBP was 24.7g. That of August were soybean sprout with mustard dressing, Tossed green pepper with raw soybean flour, Tofu and Kimchi stew, soybean curd steak and the content of SBP was 26.2g. That of September were Chinese cabbage soup with raw soybean flour, sweet and sour tofu and the content of SBP was 23.2g. That of Oct. were Fermented soybean stew, soybean pan cake and the content of SBP was 24.3g. That of November were not-pressed soybean curd casserole, pan-fried mashed soybean curd with egg, stir frying deep-fried soybean curd with vegetables and the content of SBP was 22.4g. That of December were soybean curd and mushroom casserole, fried soybean curd and vegetables, hard boiled soybean curd and the content of SBP was 28.9g. 2. The ratio of the analytical value over theoretical value (A/B%) of one serving in kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were 57.7~107.7%, 42.9~131.9%, 79.2~118.3%, 54.5~100%, 40.7~80.8% and 42.1~113.2%, respectively. 3. The ratio of A/B% of one serving in Ca, K, Na, P and Fe were 44.1~93.6%, 59.0~153.1%, 53.1~117.7% 64.6%~138.8 and 33.8~77.3%, respectively. That in Fe was the lowest among minerals. 4. The ratio of analytical value over Korean R.D.A(A/C%) in Ca was relatively higher (22.0~85.9%) than that in kcal(18~63%). 5. The ratio of A/C% in Fe was 25.1~64.3% and lower than that in Ca and protein in general.

보건소의 노인정 운동프로그램 실시에 따른 노인의 인지지각요인, 건강증진행위 및 생활만족도 비교

김은영,전경자,Kim, Eun-Young,June, Kyung-Ja 한국지역사회간호학회 2000 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was designed to investigate effects on cognitive perception. health promotion activity and life satisfaction of elderly. The participants for this study were 292 in senior citizen's center in S-city. The participants were categorized by two groups. one have taken exercise regularly. at least more than one a week for 6 months, the other have not. The measurement tools were the Perceived Benefit Scale developed by Walker, et al. and translated by Kim. Hee Ja(1994), the Life Satisfaction Index developed by Neugarten. etc. and translated by Lee. Ga Ok(1994) and Self efficacy Scale developed by Kim. Hee Ja (1994). The data were collected by personal interviews. which were taken from January 11 to 16. 1999, and analyzed by SAS 6.12. The major results of this study were as follows 1) Scores of self-efficacy were higher regular exercise group than irregular group. 2) Regular exercise group have taken exercise such as jogging, climbing and the other hands irregular group have not. 3) When the participants were categorized by smoking, other health promotion behavior (weight control. diet), both scores of life satisfaction index were higher smoking group than non-smoking group, other health promotion behavior than non-health promotion behavior. 4) There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived benefit, life satisfaction, From these findings, regular exercise program will be able to provide elderly with opportunity to change positively their lives in cognitive perception. health promotion activity.

자기 효능의 개념 분석

서순림,이은남,박송자,양영희,이동숙,최은옥,구미옥,김인자,이인숙,김성재,박영임,이은옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Today human needs for health promotion and maintenance are increasing. The nursing progression has a great responsibility for helping clients to practice good health behavior. self efficacy was found to be potent predictor in initiating and maintaining the health-related behavior. Therefore, the concept is important in nursig intervention for change of health behavior. The purpose of this paper was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, self efficacy. This study used Walder & Avant's process of concept analysis. Critical attributes of self efficacy were : 1) positive perception of his won capability; 2) intrapersonal strength; 3) possibility of being learned; 4) individuality; 5) specificity; 6) generalizability. Antecedents of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) new situation occurs; 2) individuals have needs to change the new situation; 3) there are some required actions in new situation. Consequences occurring as a result of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) individual initiates the of failure; 5) cope with the situation; 6) controls the situation; 7) the level of self efficacy is enhanced; 8) the level of self-esteem is enhanced.

만성 간질환에 대한 DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicaboxylate)의 임상적 효과

이헌영,임의혁,김성걸,김진희,육은주,성자원,김병호,정형용,강대영,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

To investigate the effects of short-term administration of DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate) for decreasing elevated serum aminotransferase levels in chronic liver diseases, authors applied 3 capsules of DDB per day at each meal time for 35 patients and compared with 35 patients treated with other conservative management. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels significantly decreased from 247.1± 180.0 IU/L of pretreatment level to 96.6±126.0 IU/L, 61.1±62.7 IU/L and 38.0±26.8 IU/L after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment(p<0.05) and effective rates were observed in 60.0%, 71.4% and 88.6% of patients after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. 2. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels decreased also significantly from 167.8±96.9 IU/L of pretreatment levels to 124.4±155.0 IU/L, 77.9±49.6 IU/L, 60.6± 46.9 IU/L after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment(p<0.05), but decreasing pattern of serum AST was less significant than that of serum ALT. 3. No significant difference were observed in the serum ALT and AST changes according to the cause and duration of hepatitis. 4. No significant adverse effects were observed in whole patients treated with DDB. It is suggested that small dose administration of DDB is effective for decreasing serum aminotrans ferase levels in chronic liver disease in which other conservative management was not effective.

내시경으로 진단된 소화성 궤양의 임상적 고찰

김영건,육은주,김성걸,임의혁,성자원,김병호,허승식,이기천,정현용,이헌영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

A clinical analysis was performed of 3055 pateints with peptic ulcer who were diagnosed with gastroduodenoscopy, in Hospital of Chungnam National University College of Medicine from July 1988 to May 1993. 1) During the period 1988-1993, The proportion of gastric ulcer among peptic ulcer decreased from 47.8% to 42.8%, but that of duodenal ulcer increased from 36.8% to 39.6%. 2) Of the 3055 cases, the number of patients with esophageal ulcer was 98(3.2%), with gastric ulcer 1407(41.6%), with. duodenal ulcer 1104(36.1%), with channel ulcer 149(4.9%), and with combind ulcer 297(9.7%). 3) We observed a peak incidence of peptic ulcer in the 50-69age group, gastric ulcer in the 5069age, duodenal ulcer in the 40-59age group. The ratio of male to female was 3.6 : 1 in peptic ulcer, 4.4 : 1 in gastric ulcer, 3.0 : 1 in duodenal ulcer. 4) The common site was angle in gastric ulcer, and bulb in duodenal ulcer. 5) The active stage was 39.4% of gastric ulcer, and 37.4% of duodenal ulcer, the healing stage was 34.2% of gastric ulcer, and 17.9% of duodenal ulcer, and the scar stage of gastric ulcer was 26.4%, and duodenal ulcer was 44.7%. 6) The size of ulcer was less than 1Cm in 66.7% of gastric ulcer, and in 75.5% of duodenal ulcer, the size of ulcer was greater than 2Cm in 13.2% of gastric ulcer, and in 6.5% of duodenal ulcer. 7) The frequency of multiple ulcer was 29.9% in gastric ulcer, and 16.5% in duodenal ulcer.

농촌어메니티의 평가준거 개발 연구

김은자,이용환 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 주관적·심리적 범주의 농촌어메니티 평가준거를 개발하는 데 있다. 이를 달성하기 위해 이론적 배경이 되는 관련문헌과 선행연구들을 조사하여 농촌어메니티 평가준거를 구안하고,텔파이방법을 통하여 평가준거에 대한 타당성을 검증하였다. 농촌어메니티 평가준거를 구안하기 위해서 농촌어메니티의 특성을 구명하였고,선행연구들을 고찰한 후 농촌어메니티의 주요영역들을 총 16개로 범주화하여 정리하였으며,이를 서술식 응답내용을 유목화 하기 위한 내용분석의 도구로서 사용하였다. 농촌어메니티 평가준거의 타당화를 위하여 전문가패널들의 합의를 도출하는 전통적 텔파이방법을 실시하였다. 농촌어메니티 관련 교수,농촌어메니티 관련 연구원,현장전문가 등으로 구분하여 24명의 전문가 패널을 선정하였으며,1차부터 5차까지 개방형과 폐쇄형 방식을 병행하는 혼합형 방식을 사용하여 평가영역,평가항목,평가지표를 선정하였다. 그 결과 최종적으로 확정된 평가준거는 5개 평가영역,10개 평가항목,20개 평가지표로 이루어졌다. 확정된 평가준거의 평가영역은 쾌적성,생태환경성,사회문화성,경제성,조화성이며,평가항목은 각 평가영역별로 2개씩 모두 10개 평가항목으로 구성되었으며,평가지표 역시 각 평가항목별로 2개씩 모두 20개 평가지표로 구성되었다. 이 연구 결과에서 구명된 농촌어메니티 평가준거를 기초로 농촌어메니티 지역개발사업을 추진하려는 각각의 지자체,마을 등에 적합한 농촌어메니티 평가준거 개발의 실증 연구,농촌어메니티 평가의 중요 성과 농촌어메니티 평가준거에 대한 인식제고 연구,또한 개발된 평가준거에 대한 상대적 중요도를 구명하기 위한 가중치 산정이 이루어져야 할 것이며,확립된 각각의 평가 요소를 객관적으로 정확하게 드러낼 수 있는 평가 자료를 수집하는 방안이나 실제 농촌현장에서 평가준거를 활용할 수 있는 농촌어메니티 평가시스템에 대한 연구 등이 후속 연구로 요구되어 진다. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation criteria for the subjective and psychological aspects of rural amenity. To verify the selected 16 evaluation criteria, the Delphi Method was implemented. 5-step Delphi Method consisting of a mixture of open-ended and close-ended forms, with a panel of 24 experts, the researcher verified 5 evaluation areas, 10 evaluation items, and 20 evaluation indexes. The confirmed evaluation areas are pleasantness, ecological-environment, social-culture, economy, and harmony. The evaluation items were consisted of 10 items, two for each evaluation area and the evaluation indexes were consisted of 20 items, two for each evaluation item. Based on the result of this study, I would like to suggest three following studies. First, the evaluation criteria for rural amenity for related local businesses should be developed. Second, there is a need for more research on the importance of the evaluation of rural amenity, the concept of the evaluation criteria of rural amenity and the weighting values. Third, further research is needed on various aspects of the evaluation criteria of rural amenity. finally, this study is suggestion to study that may about evaluation system for rural amenity.

서울 시내 일부 대학생의 성지식과 성태도에 관한 연구

김보배,노은경,박서영,박영,오승희,전영란,차현진,윤희상,김수지,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38

This study surveyed and analyzed comparatively college students-knowledge' attitude, was to cultivate the right knowledge and attitude on sex, and serve the foundational data for the suitable sex education. The purpose of the study was to identify and examine: 1) students; sexual knowledge and sexual attitude; 2) the differences between variables of gender, age, and self-perceived sexual knowledge in relation to sexual knowledge and sexual attitude; and 3) the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitude. For this study the questionaires were given to 300 students from five different universities located seoul areas. the questionaires were collected Jenuary 8th to 15th in 2004. Two hundred and nigty one samples were analyzed for the study. The adapted SKAT(saxual knowledge & attitude test; Lief & Reed, 1986) was used to determine sexual knowledge and the students' sexual attitude. Collected data were analyzed statistically by means of percentage, t-test, ANOVA test, and pearson correlation analysis with SPSS 12.0 package program. The main results of this analysis are as follows: Participants consisted of male(48.1%) and female(51.9%) which were mainly between the ages of 21.25(71.8%) with an age range of 19 to 30. Knowledge of sexual disease was scored highest of 92.4%, and konwledge of the knowledge of the male and female's anatomy was the lowest at 60.9%. The respondents' level of sexual attitude was tolerant as on average 3.66(on the basis of 5) Relating to the items, the respondents' score of the sexual curiosity was 4.16, sexual behavior 3.85, self-consolation 3.81, aborthon 3.23, virgine 3.19, extramarital experiences 3.17. There were no significant differences in sexual knowledge between male and females, between younger and older students, residence, sexual experience, and how students mainly obtained their sexual knowledge. But a significant difference was also found religion in their sexual attitude(p<.005). In addition, results showed the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitude(P=0.332).