종 분포 모형을 이용한 구상나무림의 지속 및 쇠퇴에 관한 연구 - 전라남도 광양시 백운산을 중심으로 -

조선희 ( Seon Hee Cho ),박종영 ( Jong Young Park ),박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),이양근 ( Yang Geun Lee ),문이만 ( Lee Man Mun ),강상호 ( Sang Ho Kang ),김광현 ( Gwang Hyun Kim ),윤종국 ( Jong Guk Yun ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

The present study investigated the habitats of Korean fir trees (Abies koreana E. H. Wilson) on Mt. Baekwun (Baekwun-san), determined the current distribution, quantified the contribution of biological and nonbiological environmental factors affecting the distribution, derived actual and potential habitats, presented a plan for the establishment of protected areas, applied RCP 8.5 climate change scenario to analyze the effects of climate change on the future distribution of Korean fir trees, and predicted future potential habitats. According to the results of the study, 3,325 Korean fir trees (DBH >= 2.5 cm) inhabited Mt. Baekwun, and their distribution area was approximately 150 ha. Populations of Korean fir trees were confirmed to exist at an altitude of 900 m above sea level and were distributed up to 1,200 m. Based on potential distribution, areas appropriate for habitation by Korean fir trees were analyzed to be 450 ha, three times the current distribution area, with a focus on Sang Peak (Sang-bong), Eokbul Peak (Eokbul-bong), Ddari Peak (Ddari-bong), and Dosol Peak (Dosol-bong). The forest stands near Sang Peak, the main peak, were evaluated as those with the most appropriate potential for the habitation of Korean fir trees, and populations of the trees tended to prefer the northern slope rather than the southern slope. When climate change scenario RCP 8.5 was applied and future potential distribution was analyzed, the habitats were expected to decrease in area to 20 ha by 2050, with a focus on Sang Peak, and areas appropriate for habitation were predicted not to exist by 2080. Judging from such results, as global warming accelerates, the habitats of Korean fir trees are clearly expected to move from lowlands to highlands.

혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

척수손상 환자에서 골 대사의 생화학적 변화

김상수,서정환,김완호,김연희 大韓再活醫學會 1997 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.21 No.6

새로운 구조의 챠지펌프 방식를 사용한 직류-직류 변환기설계

한정우,손상희 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2014 産業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

In this paper, output voltage conversion type of DC to DC converter using charge pump method is newly proposed and designed. In conventional cross-coupled charge pump, simulation results show that output voltage is 5.93V and efficiency is 99% and numbers of capacitor are 3 in case of step-up factor, 2. But simulation results using proposed charge pump in same condition show that output voltage is 5.96V and efficiency is 99% and numbers of capacitor are 2. From the simulation results, we know that output voltage and efficiency is similar between cross-coupled charge pump and proposed charge pump. But reducing capacitor makes chip size small and decrease cost down. In the proposed circuit, it is possible to remove the body effect secondary effective MOS by adding a body control system. It is possible to prevent that it is possible to prevent the shift in the threshold voltage of the MOS by the body controls, a result, the efficiency of the overall circuit is reduced. Also output voltage conversion is accomplished by varying the resistance ratio of the switch. Circuit simulations are executed with the design rule of magnachip 5V/30V 0.7um power-CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) process and Cadence Spectre simulator.

PSO 알고리즘을 이용한 클러스터링

정호균,이상희 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신논문지 Vol.4 No.-

Pattern classification is now an important isssue on the information processing. Nowadays, the practical fields such as speech processing, vision, robot, AI are focused on the pattern classification. In these fields, the real time data processing ability and classifier's learning ability is essential. We studied the automatic clustering algorithm proposed by Eberhart & Kennedy. PSO is founded on the theory of general artificial life and social behavior. PSO algorithm has many advantages over other searching algorithms, especially, on high speed operation in huge functions and global optimizations. To utilize such characteristics, the fuzzy measure by Bezdek is used as the fitness function of PSO algorithm for making clustering of pattern cluster. We simulate with Fisher's IRIS data and two- and four- clusters which have Gaussian distribution. The results show improvements in classification and clustering errors.

금피복된 임플란트 보철용 유지나사의 예비하중 및 풀림회전력에 관한 연구

정창모,황희성,전영찬,최설희 大韓齒科器材學會 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare the preload and the removal torque produced when using gold coated prosthetic retaining screws (Gold-Tite retaining screws) and non-coated screws(gold screws) repeatedly and to evaluate effects of a thin pure gold coating on screw stability. Following connection of the conical abutment to implant fixture using 20 Ncm of torque applied by a torque gauge, fastened the strain-gauged gold cylinder to conical abutment with gold screw, Gold-Tite retaining screw using 10Ncm. Then, preloads and removal torques were measured, screws tightened and loosened 8 times repeatedly. All experiments were performed under dry and wet condition. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. For gold screw group, no significant differences existed in the preload and the removal torque according to trials in both conditions(p>0.05). 2. For Gold-Tite retaining screw group, no significant differences existed in the preload according to trials in both conditions(p>0.05). However, the removal torque decreased at the second trial and incresed, after then(p<0.05). 3. In comparison of preloads according to trials, the preload in dry condition was greater than in wet condition only for Gold-Tite retaining screw group after the fourth trial(p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between gold screw group and Gold-Tite retaining screw group(p>0.05). 4. In comparison of removal torque according to trials, the removal torque of gold screw group was greater than of Gold-Tite retaining screw group in dry condition at the second, third trial(p<0.05). At the other trials, no significant differences were found among the experimental groups(p>0.05).

폐경기여성에서 시청각 교육이 호르몬대체요법의 시행과 골다공증관련 생활습관의 변화에 미치는 효과

정태흠,전태희,김문찬,김영일,전대준,양승오,함수연,고병균,김성률 大韓家庭醫學會 2000 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.21 No.11

탈력발작 유무에 따른 기면병 환자의 비교 : 임상변인, HLA-DQB1*0602, Hypocretin

정종현,홍승철,신윤경,한진희,이성필 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.1

Objectives : Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination. Among these symptoms, cataplexy is one of the most pathognomonic symptoms in narcolepsy. This study was designed to investigate the clinical features, frequency of DQB 1 *0602 and CSF hypocretin levels in Korean narcolep-tics with cataplexy to compare with those who have not cataplexy. Methods : From August 2003 to July 2005, we selected 72 patients who have narcolepsy confirmed by nocturnal Polysomno-graphy and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) as well as their history and clinical symptoms at Sleep Disorders Clinic of St. Vincent's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea. Patients were divided into 56 cataplexy-positive group (narcolepsy with cataplexy group) and 12 cataplexy-negative group (narcolepsy without cataplexy group). HLA typing was done in all patients for the presence of DQB 1*0602, and patients received spinal tapping to measure the level of CSF hypocretin. Clinical variables were examined by semi-structured interview for narcolepsy patients. Results : 1) In cataplexy-positive group, compared with cataplexy-negative group, the frequency ofHLA-DQB 1*0602 was found to be significantly increased (50 subjects, 89.3% vs. 8 subjects, 50.0%) (p=0.000). 2) tn 48 out of 56 cataplexy-positive patients (85.7%), hypocretin levels were decreased (≤110 pg/mI) or were below the detection limit of assay (≤40 pg/ml).However, only 6 out of 16 cataplexy-negative patients (37.5%) exhibited decreased hyopcretin level. The difference between two groups were statistically significant (p=0.000). 3) Cataplexy-positive group, compared to cataplexy-negative group, re-ported more frequent hypnagogic hallucinations (36 subjects, 64.3% vs. 4 subjects, 25.0%) (p=0.005). However, there were no significant differences in frequency or seventy of daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis and demographic data. 4. In nocturnal polysomnography and MSLT findings, there were no significant differences in all sleep parameters between two groups. Conclusion : Higher frequency of HLA-DQB 1*0602, and lower hypocretin levels in cataplexy-positive groups than Cata-pelxy-negatives suggest that narcoleptics with cataplexy might be a etiologically different disease entity from narcoleptics without cataplexy. Additionally, Current criteria prevail for the diagnosis of narcolepsy need to be reclassified according to the presence of cataplexy or not.

하악 전치부에 양측성으로 발생한 과잉치의 치험례

정내정,김정욱,이상훈 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

소아치과에 내원한 환아 중에서 치아의 수에 따른 이상을 많이 관찰할 수 있는데 그 중의 하나가 과잉치이다. 과잉치는 정상 치판 (dental lamina)의 과도한 증식의 결과로 발생되며 유치열에서 0.3~0.8%, 영구치열에서는 1.0~3.5%의 발생빈도를 보인다. 2 : 1로 남자에게 호발하고 9:1로 상악에 호발하며 구치부보다 전치부에 많이 발생한다. 가장 호발하는 것은 상악 정중 과잉치로 상악 중절치 사이에 위치하며 하악 전치부에서는 2%로 낮은 빈도를 보인다. 본 증례는 파노라마사진 촬영 결과 하악 좌우측 유중절치의 선천적 결손과 4개의 영구 절치외에 2개의 과잉치가전치부에 관찰되어 발치와 교정치료를 통해 양호한 결과를 얻게 되어 보고하는 바이다. Supernumerary tooth is one of the abnormalities in tooth number. Supernumerary tooth result from excessive proliferation of dental lamina and incidence reports identify a range of 0.3~0.8% in primary dentition, 1,0~3.5% in permanent dentition with males being affected twice as frequently as females, maxilla nine times as frequently as mandible. The incidence is more in anterior tooth region than in posterior region. The most common supernumerary tooth is the mesiodens, which located between maxillary central incisors. The occurrence is very rare in the incisor region of mandible and the reports on incidence is 2%. In this case, there were two supernumerary teeth in the mandibular region and we could acquire normal alignment of mandibular incisors by extraction and orthodontic treatment