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이강욱,카이호 요시유키,후쿠시마 타카후미,타나까 테츠,고야나기 미쯔마사,Lee, Kang-Wook,Kaiho, Yoshiyuki,Fukushima, Takafumi,Tanaka, Tetsu,Koyanagi, Mitsumasa 대한의용생체공학회 2010 의공학회지 Vol.31 No.4
To restore visual sensation of blind patients, we have proposed a fully implantable retinal prosthesis comprising an three dimensionally (3D) stacked retinal chip for transforming optical signal to electrical signal, a flexible cable with stimulus electrode array for stimulating retina cells, and coupling coils for power transmission. The 3D stacked retinal chip is consisted of several LSI chips such as photodetector, signal processing circuit, and stimulus current generator. They are vertically stacked and electrically connected using 3D integration technology. Our retinal prosthesis has a small size and lightweight with high resolution, therefore it could increase the patients` quality of life (QOL). For realizing the fully implantable retinal prosthesis, we developed a retinal prosthesis module comprising a retinal prosthesis chip and a flexible cable with stimulus electrode array for generating optimal stimulus current. In this study, we used a 2D retinal chip as a prototype retinal prosthesis chip. We fabricated the polymide-based flexible cable of $20{\mu}m$ thickness where 16 channels Pt stimulus electrode array was formed in the cable. Pt electrode has an impedance of $9.9k{\Omega}$ at 400Hz frequency. The retinal prosthesis chip was mounted on the flexible cable by an epoxy and electrically connected by Au wire. The retinal prosthesis chip was cappted by a silicone to pretect from corrosive environments in an eyeball. Then, the fabricated retinal prosthesis module was implanted into an eyeball of a rabbit. We successfully recorded electrically evoked potential (EEP) elicited from the rabbit brain by the current stimulation supplied from the implanted retinal prosthesis module. EEP amplitude was increased linearly with illumination intensity and irradiation time of incident light. The retinal prosthesis chip was well functioned after implanting into the eyeball of the rabbit.
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이강욱,김영건,노흥규,송민호,김호,박은신,유순희,한희정,주원찬,원진호,임규,권오유 대한내분비학회 1998 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.13 No.4
Background: The proinflammatory cytokine, IFN-y has been shown to exert pleiotropic effects in a variety of pathophysiologic conditions in autoimmune thyroid disease. The thyrocyte response to IFN-y is mediated two distinct classes of proteins, Janus kinases(Jakl and Jak2) and Signal Transducers and Activation of Transcription(STATl). The activation of STAT 1 is involved in the regulation of many interferon stimulated genes, such as MHC class II, intercellular adhesion molecules-1(ICAM-1) and MHC class II transactivator(CIITA) after the binding to the GASgFN- pactivated site) of the gene promoters. Recently we found TSH/forskolin inhibits IFN-y stimulated maximal expression of ICAM-1 in FRTL-5 cell. IFN-y action is localized between -175 bp and -97 bp from the start of translation of ICAM-1 gene which contains regulatory elements known to be involved in IFN-y action in other eukaryotic cells, palindromic IFN-y activated site(GAS)(5-TTTCCGGGAAA-3) which could bind STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, STAT6. Furthermore, the addition of TSH and forskolin causes a decrease in ICAM-1 promoter activity and its action was localized in GAS. These findings suggested TSH/cAMP signaling pathways downregulate IFN-y activated Janus kinase-STAT signaling path. We wanted to explore the possible involvement of elevated cAMP in the negative regulation of IFN-y induced STAT1 activation in thyroid cells. Method: We made several 5-deletion constructs of rat ICAM-1 promoter and analyzed the promoter activities by measuring the luciferase activity after tranfection into FRTL-5 cells. The protein/DNA complex was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis using labeled oligonucleotide. We checked the level of total and phosphorylated STATl protein by immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies. Results: Stimulation of IFN-y in FRTL-5 cells resulted in rapid activation of STATl/DNA binding activity, which was apparent after several minute of stimulation, maintains its activity until 48 h. Incubation of cells with TSH result in suppression of IFN-p mediated STAT1/DNA binding activity throughout the time course of activation by IFN-y. Addition of TSH into 5H maintained FRTL-5 cells did not change the total amount of latent STAT1 amount and also not affect IFN-y mediated production of total STAT1 until 4 h. IFN-y(100 U/mL) rapidly induced phosphorylation of STAT1 within 30 min. and maintained its level without significant change until 48 hours. Cells treated with TSH dramatically lowered the level of IFN-y induced production and phosphorylation of STAT1 after 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h but TSH had no effect on the level of phosphorylated STATl within 4 h after IFN-y stimulation. The proteasome inhibitor, MG132 and phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate did not block the TSH or forskolin mediated downregulation of phosphorylated STAT1. Conclusion: These results indicate a regulatory mechanism which TSH signaling can modulate the prolonged activation of Jak/Stat by IFN-y. We identified one of mechanisms related to TSH mediated negative suppression of the ICAM-1 gene; TSH/cAMP signaling pathways downregulate the cytokine activated Janus kinase-STAT signaling path (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 13:536-553, 1998).
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한인진(韓茵蔯), 울금(鬱金), 산사(山査), 단삼(丹蔘) 발효복합추출물이 RAW264.7 및 HUVEC 세포에서 나타나는 이상지질혈증 관련 염증인자 발현 및 항산화에 미치는 영향
이강욱,조현경,유호룡,설인찬,김윤식,Lee, Kang-wook,Cho, Hyun-kyoung,Yoo, Ho-ryong,Seol, In-chan,Kim, Yoon-sik 대한한방내과학회 2018 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.39 No.4
Objectives: To investigate the effect of fermented extract of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae Longae, Crataegi Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (FMH) on anti-inflammation associated with dyslipidemia and anti-oxidation in RAW264.7 and HUVEC cells. Methods: The total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity of FMH were measured. RAW264.7 cells treated with FMH were tested for production of NO, and for cytokine and LTB4 levels and HUVEC cells treated with FMH were examined for production of cDNA of genes related to inflammation. Results: 1. FMH contained polyphenols and flavonoids. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of FMH increased in a concentration-dependent manner. 2. FMH treatment inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and LTB4 in RAW264.7 cell when compared to the untreated control group. 3. FMH decreased the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, whereas it increased transcription of anti-inflammatory genes, in HUVEC cells. Conclusion: FMH is effective as an antioxidant and for treatment and prevention of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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이강욱 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2020 한국문화 Vol.0 No.89
Siljik was a regular post given based on Munsan-gye rank system and Musan-gye rank system with actual tasks receiving regular stipend. It embraced the characteristics of bonjik, nokjik, functional post, and regular post while their opposite gyeomjik, murokgwan, nominal post as gunjik, and temporary post gagwan was not included in siljik. Sanjik operated only in military posts, which was mostly gyeomjik with actual duties. Sanjik differed from siljik in that most of them were gyeomjik, and differed from gunjik in that they had actual tasks. However, in a sense that sanjik was also given according to Musan-gye rank system, it also belonged to jeongjik. Therefore, sanjik was one of the military post’s jeongjik, distinct from japjik․siljik․gunjik․heojik. In a broad sense, jeongjik was an opposite concept to japjik, referring to every civil and military post given by Munsan-gye and Musan-gye rank system. This definition of jeongjik encompassed gyeomjik, gunjik, murokgwan, and gagwan as well as siljik. In a narrow sense, jeongjik shared the same notion with siljik where gyeomjik, gunjik, murokgwan, and gagwan were not included. Cheajik was a post where several officials held one vacant position in turn and received their stipend only when they were at work. This was implemented in order to distribute limited amount of posts to the increasing number of public official candidates as much as possible. Cheajik was not separate from jeongjik or siljik but any posts regardless of siljik, gunjik, jeongjik or japjik, as far as it possessed official stipend, could be operated as cheajik. Gaseoljik was an additionally established post besides the limited number of civil and military posts. It took up the same official title stated by law. Gaseoljik operated in several ways: it was established when necessary and thereafter abolished; it was additionally established besides the limited number of posts and became a regular one; it was assigned to a temporary post. Depending on where it would be additionally established, it was possible for any posts including silgwan, gyeomgwan, and gagwan. Gwonseoljik was a temporary post established to perform certain tasks for the time being. Unlike gaseoljik, therefore, it did not take up the existing title stated by law but made their own title, which would naturally disappear after the task was done. Gwonseoljik could either be established with the gwonseol public office or without it only as a post. Every gwonseoljik operated as a gyeomjik. In sum, civil and military yangban posts in late Joseon largely consisted of jeongjik given by Munsan-gye and Musan-gye rank system, japjik given by Japjik-gye rank system, and togwanjik given by Togwanjik-gye rank system. Among them, jeongjik included siljik, a regular post with stipend; stipendless posts as gyeomjik and murokgwan; additionally established posts as gaseoljik and gwonseoljik. Gunjik and sanjik was also included in the military post’s jeongjik. Cheajik was established to pay stipend to those unsalaried officials and thus any posts with enough finances, regardless of siljik, gunjik, or japjik, were able to be operated as cheajik. Since cheajik was an idea for the operation of posts, it could not be used as a comparative concept to jeongjik.
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이강욱,노철규 의과학연구소 1991 全北醫大論文集 Vol.15 No.4
There has been only some guidelines for treatnents of concomitant ipsilateral fractures of the humerus and forearm both bone, so-called floating elbow. The authors reviewed 11 patients of floating elbow who were treated at Chonbuk National University Hospital between January 1984 and June 1991. The results were as follows: 1. Average age was 28 years old and the most common cause of injury was belt injury 2. The most common combined injury was nerve paralysis and we treated it with relatively good result by conservative treatment. 3. The method of internal fixation using plate & screws showed better result than other method of treatments. 4. In younger patients, the better results were obtained than older patients.
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