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      • SCOPUSKCI등재
      • KCI등재

        조선후기 東西 兩班 官職의 분류

        이강욱 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2020 한국문화 Vol.0 No.89

        Siljik was a regular post given based on Munsan-gye rank system and Musan-gye rank system with actual tasks receiving regular stipend. It embraced the characteristics of bonjik, nokjik, functional post, and regular post while their opposite gyeomjik, murokgwan, nominal post as gunjik, and temporary post gagwan was not included in siljik. Sanjik operated only in military posts, which was mostly gyeomjik with actual duties. Sanjik differed from siljik in that most of them were gyeomjik, and differed from gunjik in that they had actual tasks. However, in a sense that sanjik was also given according to Musan-gye rank system, it also belonged to jeongjik. Therefore, sanjik was one of the military post’s jeongjik, distinct from japjik․siljik․gunjik․heojik. In a broad sense, jeongjik was an opposite concept to japjik, referring to every civil and military post given by Munsan-gye and Musan-gye rank system. This definition of jeongjik encompassed gyeomjik, gunjik, murokgwan, and gagwan as well as siljik. In a narrow sense, jeongjik shared the same notion with siljik where gyeomjik, gunjik, murokgwan, and gagwan were not included. Cheajik was a post where several officials held one vacant position in turn and received their stipend only when they were at work. This was implemented in order to distribute limited amount of posts to the increasing number of public official candidates as much as possible. Cheajik was not separate from jeongjik or siljik but any posts regardless of siljik, gunjik, jeongjik or japjik, as far as it possessed official stipend, could be operated as cheajik. Gaseoljik was an additionally established post besides the limited number of civil and military posts. It took up the same official title stated by law. Gaseoljik operated in several ways: it was established when necessary and thereafter abolished; it was additionally established besides the limited number of posts and became a regular one; it was assigned to a temporary post. Depending on where it would be additionally established, it was possible for any posts including silgwan, gyeomgwan, and gagwan. Gwonseoljik was a temporary post established to perform certain tasks for the time being. Unlike gaseoljik, therefore, it did not take up the existing title stated by law but made their own title, which would naturally disappear after the task was done. Gwonseoljik could either be established with the gwonseol public office or without it only as a post. Every gwonseoljik operated as a gyeomjik. In sum, civil and military yangban posts in late Joseon largely consisted of jeongjik given by Munsan-gye and Musan-gye rank system, japjik given by Japjik-gye rank system, and togwanjik given by Togwanjik-gye rank system. Among them, jeongjik included siljik, a regular post with stipend; stipendless posts as gyeomjik and murokgwan; additionally established posts as gaseoljik and gwonseoljik. Gunjik and sanjik was also included in the military post’s jeongjik. Cheajik was established to pay stipend to those unsalaried officials and thus any posts with enough finances, regardless of siljik, gunjik, or japjik, were able to be operated as cheajik. Since cheajik was an idea for the operation of posts, it could not be used as a comparative concept to jeongjik.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재
      • 韓牛와 乳牡牛 精液性狀에 關한 比較 硏究

        李康郁 건국대학교 1971 學術誌 Vol.12 No.1

        Obervation were made on the semen value of clinicaly healthy korean native and darts bulls for the purpose of determination of mean semen value and its seasonal variations during one year period. The semen sampling were scheduled by random in four different seasons and the sample size were appointed from 150 samples korean native bulls and 213 dairy bulls. The range or mean values of the amount of ejaculation semen, color, smell, concentration, PH, number of sperms, and malformation rate were determined in this and their respective standard deviation of means, and seasonal variations were as follows ; 1.The amount of ejaculation in the korean native bulls showed a range of 3cc to 7.5cc and with a mean of 4.99±0.52cc. Dairy bulls showed a range of 3.9cc to 13cc with a mean of 7.18±0.36cc. Ejaculation amount on semen of korean native bulls is less than those of the dairy bulls. There was no significant difference amount of semen in different seasones, ages and months. 2.The semen concentration value of korean native bulls and dairy bulls showed a range of (-) to (□), were found to .be same value and with a mean of 1.49±0.02(+) and dairy bulls with a mean of 0.91±0.39(+). There was a highly concentration in the korean native bulls, (P <0. 01). There was a seasonal variation and ages difference which was not found to be not significant of the statistics. 3.The Semen of He Korean native bull who high in Concertation. (P) 6.2 to 6.6 that designated to be a same value. The PH value of semen from korean native bulls was less acid than those of dairy bulls with a mean of 6.25±0.02, dairy bulls with a mean of 6.37±0.06 (p<0.01) 4.The number of sperms korean native bulls showed a range of 75.5×104/cmm to 198.7×104/cmm with a mean of 115.8×104/cmm. Dairy bulls showed a range of 42.3×104/cam to 132.5×104/cmm with a mean of 68.96±4.60×104/cnlm. There was highly number of sperms korean native bulls than dairy bulls. 5.The motility of sperms of korean native bulls showed a range of 80% to 95% and with a mean of 94.12±0.19%. Dairy bulls showed a range of 75% to 95% with a mean of 93.12±2.31%. There was a active motillity of sperms in korean native bulls better than dairy bulls. 6.The Semen malformation rate of korean native bulls showed a range of 6.5% to 16.2%, with a mean of 10.54±0.39%. Dairy bulls showed a range of 1.7% to 8.1% with a mean of 4.94±0.42%. there was highly incidence of malformation rate in korean native bulls more than dairy bulls.

      • IgA 신병증의 임상 및 병리학적 고찰

        이강욱,최영환,신영태,노흥규,서광선 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

        Twenty eight cases of primary IgA nephropathy were diagnosed and studied in the Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital over a period of 49 months from June 1981 to July 1985. The results were summerized as follows: 1. These cases represented 45.2% of patients with primary glomerular diseases undergoing renal biopsy and immunofluorescent studies during the same period. 2. There were 20 males and 8 females. They were 15 to 54 years old and the average age was 29.1. 3. The main symptoms were loin pain, gross hematuria, myalgia, fatigability and generalized edema in 18, 15, 12, 12, and 4 cases, respectively. Upper respiratory tract infection symptoms were presented in 50% of the cases of all patient just before and during the course of disease. 4. Proteinuria was observed in 27 cases and hematuria was seen in 23 cases, Among hematuria, the gross hematuria was observed in 15 cases. Hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia was presented in 4 cases with generalized edema. Serum BUN and creatinine were elevated in 3 cases with marked decreased Creatinine Clearence in 3 cases (Ccr<50ml/min). 5. The light microscopic findings showed mainly mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis in 11 and 7 cases, respectively. Immunofluorescent microscopic findings disclosed diffuse mesangial deposit of IgA in all cases. IgG, igM, C3 and fibrinogen deposits were observed in mesangium in 5, 4, 20, and 7 cases, respectively.

      • 동측 상환골 및 전완부 양골 골절에 대한 임상적 고찰

        이강욱,노철규 의과학연구소 1991 全北醫大論文集 Vol.15 No.4

        There has been only some guidelines for treatnents of concomitant ipsilateral fractures of the humerus and forearm both bone, so-called floating elbow. The authors reviewed 11 patients of floating elbow who were treated at Chonbuk National University Hospital between January 1984 and June 1991. The results were as follows: 1. Average age was 28 years old and the most common cause of injury was belt injury 2. The most common combined injury was nerve paralysis and we treated it with relatively good result by conservative treatment. 3. The method of internal fixation using plate & screws showed better result than other method of treatments. 4. In younger patients, the better results were obtained than older patients.

      • KCI우수등재
      • KCI우수등재

        복합단백발효사료와 어분의 산란계에 대한 사양가치 비교시험

        이강욱,김한경,주현규,박주식 ( K . W . Lee,H . K . Kim,H . K . Ju,J . S . Park ) 한국축산학회 1973 한국축산학회지 Vol.15 No.4

        To compare the nutritive value of fish meal with that of fermented compound protein meal, the feeding trial with 288 laying hens of shaver strain was carried out for 8 weeks. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Experimental fermented compound protein meal contained less protein (39.5%) than imported fish meal (67%) and domestic fish meal (56%). However, moisture content of domestic fish meal (19.8%) was higher than that of fermented compound protein meal (10.6%) and imported fish meal (9.8%). It was found that the content of Ca, P and methionine in forign fish meal was superior to those in the fermented or domestic fish meal. 2. In growth rate, there was no statistical difference between the treatments. However, the amount of feed consumed was higher for the hens fed fermented compound protein meal than for those fed fish meal, although no significant difference was observed between the source of fish meal. 3. There was no statistical significance among the treatment in egg production and egg weight, but the hens feed fermented compound protein meal produced a little more eggs of heavier egg weight than those fed control diet. 4. These results indicate that fermented compound protein meal up to 10% level can be used in the laying hens diet satisfactorily.

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