정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

유도 '되치기 본'의 개선 방안에 관한 연구

김의환,김도준,김규수,김관현,김종달,최종삼,조용철,박순진,윤익선,안병근,정 훈,김미정,한성철 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1999 武道硏究所誌 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to reform practically a Korean Judo's Doechigi-Bon(Forms of Counterattack, judo's Gaeshi no Kata, Judo's Uradori no Kata, Judo's Gonosen no Kata) that was established in 1955 Korea, according to changing of techniques by Judo's modernization, in order to have Judo's carefulness and systematic diffusion. Reform procedure of Judo's Doechigi-Bon was 1st stage, Questionnaire survey 303 judokas, 2nd stage, Technical seminar by judo experts(12 judo professor) 4 times, 3rd stage, wording report for reform, 4rd stage, Discussion and judgement of Teaching and Judgement commission of Korean judo Association(KJA), 5th stage, Public hearing for reform in KJA, 6th stage, Report and decision of board of directors in KJA, 7th stage, public publication of Judo News(No.53) in KJA. Basic principle of reform of Judo's Doechigi-Bon were as table 1. Table 1. Basic principle of reform of Judo's Doechigi-Bon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Items Reformed Key Points of Judo's Doechigi-Bon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Structure 1) Grand classification : Classified by 3 parts(1,2,3Gyo) 2)Medium classification : Te waza, Goshi waza, Ashi waza devided per each part(Gyo) 3)Sub-classification : Classified five techniques per each part(Gyo) 2. Contents 1) Selected established techniques as possible 2) Considered rationalty and overlapping of counterattack techniques 3. Decision of Conterattack techniques 1) Refered to results of Basic Questionnaire survey 2) Priority to decisions of Judo expert technical seminar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reformed Korean Judo's Doechigi-Bon(Forms of Counterattack techniques-KJA, 1999) are as follows: 1. Gyo; ① Uki otoshi -> Uchi mata ② Harai goshi -> Harai goshi gaeshi ③ O soto gari -> O soto gake ④ Ko uchi gari -> Sasae tsurikomi ashi ⑤ O uchi gari -> Ko soto gari 2. Gyo; ① Ippon seoi nage -> Okuri eri jime ② Tsuri domi goshi -> Uki waza ③ Okuri ashi harai -> Okuri ashi harai ④ Ko soto gari -> Tai otoshi ⑤ Hiza guruma -> Hiza guruma 3. Gyo; ① Kata guruma -> Sumi gaeshi ② Tai otoshi -> Ko soto gari ③ Hane goshi -> Harai tsurikomi ashi ④ Uchi mata -> Tai otoshi ⑤ Tomoe nage -> O uchi gari

필리핀 여행 후 발생한 쯔쯔가무시병 1예

김계형,김낙현,김문석,김충종,전재현,박완범,장원종,박상원,김익상,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.6

Infectious diseases imported from other countries have increased as more and more Koreans are going abroad for various purposes. Tsutsugamushi disease from other endemic area such as Southeast Asia is important, because it can occur in any season and eschar may be absent. We report a case of imported tsutsugamushi disease acquired in the Philippines. A patient presented with fever, headache, and maculopapular skin rash. However, eschar was absent. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 56-kDa gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi using buffy coat was positive. Serum indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay was initially negative but became positive with a titer of 1:320 at follow-up, Sequencing analysis revealed the strain to be 100% identical to the TW73R strain identified in Taiwan. After the patient received doxycycline, body temperature normalized in 12 hours. Tsutsugamushi disease is one of the differential diagnoses that should be included for patients with fever who have recently returned from Southeast Asian countries. PCR for O. tsutsugamushi using patient's buffy coat was useful for early diagnosis.

QT연장 증후군 환자에서 Head-Up Tilt Test에 의해 유발된 Torsades De Pointes 1례

전익수,차태준,김길수,김동완,김규종,김찬욱,김성만,주승재,이재우 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

北韓의 對中·蘇關係와 그 變化展望 : 中·蘇 關係를 中心으로

金益度 釜山大學校 師範大學 1989 교사교육연구 Vol.19 No.-

The basic objective of North Korea's strategy is to unify the Korean peninsula under a communist regime. But it is impossible for North Korea to achive its aim without the help of its allies, the Soviet Union and China. The two communist giants have continued to be the principal sources of economic, technical, and military aid to North Korea. So the most important task of North Korea's foreign policy is to strengthen the relations with the Soviet Union and China, for Sino-Soviet relation has been the Key variable in deciding the North Korea's foreign relation. This paper is to analyze North Korea's relations with the Soviet Union and China and to predict the possibility of its change. The North Korea has had to pay particular attention to the maintenance of friendly relations with the Soviet Union and China. As long as the latter two remained fraternal allies themselves, the North Korea's task was relatively easy. However, the beginning of a quarrel between them in 1956 posed new problems for North Korea. In time, North Korea managed to maintain a balanced position between Moscow and Beijing, But it did not last long, Because Pyongyang could not help swinging too far toward either. From 1956 to 1964, North Korea sympathied with China with respect to major issues and continued to strengthen its ties with Beijing. By 1964 both Moscow and Pyongyang began to realize that prolongation of the conflicts was not in their best interest. The ouster of Khurushchev provided opportunity for reconciliation The rapproachement between Moscow and Pyongyang was fasciliated during the Cultural Revolution in China. In April 1970 Ihu Enlai visited Pyongyang to restore the friendly relations between North Korea and China that had been disrupted by the Cultural Revolution. The warming up of Beijing-Pyongyang relations was accompanied by a gradual cooling in Moscow-Pyongyang relations. The contrast between Pyongyang-Moscow and Pyongyang-Beijing relations was marked and the tilt toward Beijing increased up to 1979. During 1979 and 1980 various other signs of some cooling in the relation between Pyongyang and Beijing appeared. While the Pyongyang-Beijing relationship was showing signs of strain, Kim Il Sung was taking steps to improve relations with Moscow. The moderation of Pyongyang's tilt toward China in 1979 and 1980 probably was caused by disillusionment with China. The waning of ideological commitment in China, the expansion of relations with the United states and Japan, and the downgrading of Mao all must have made Kim Il Sung uneasy. The Soviet succeeded to take advantange of China's warming ties with the United states, Japan and even R.O.K to establish a firmer foothold in North Korea. As the world enter the late 1980s, the situation in East Asia has drastically changed. The Chinese eventually decided that their national interests are better served by the improvement of sino-Soviet relations and a more even handed balancing act between the two super powers. Until recently, Moscow has viewed rapproachement of China with the west as encircled by the U.S-China-Japan triangle. A major objective of Gorvachev's Asian Policy is to remove this encirclement. By nornalizing the Sino-Soviet relations, Gorvachev succeeded. So we can forsee the possibility of he North Korea's relations with the Soviet Union and China as following. Kim Il Sung will struggle to continue the balancing act between them. But he cannot help tilting toward the Soviet Union. For the Soviet Union is in a position to do more for North Korea than with China and the North Korea's strategic and political importance to the Soviet Union will grow significantly.

The C- and G-value paradox with polyploidy, repeatomes, introns, phenomes and cell economy

Ik‑Young Choi,Eun‑Chae Kwon,Nam‑Soo Kim 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.7

Background The apparent disconnection between biological complexity and both genome size (C-value) and gene number (G-value) is one of the long-standing biological puzzles. Gene-dense genomic sequences in prokaryotes or simple eukaryotes are highly constrained during selection, whereas gene-sparse genomic sequences in higher eukaryotes have low selection constraints. This review discusses the correlations of the C-value and G-value with genome architecture, polyploidy, repeatomes, introns, cell economy and phenomes. Discussion Eukaryotic chromosomes carry an assortment of various repeated DNA sequences (repeatomes). Expansion of copies of repeatomes together with polyploidization or whole-genome duplication (WGD) are major players in genome size (C-value) bloating, but genomes are equipped with counterbalancing systems such as diploidization, illegitimate recombination, and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) after double-strand breaks (DSBs). The lack of these efficient purging systems allowed the accumulation of repeat DNA, which resulted in extremely large genomes in several species. However, the correlation between chromosome number and genome size is not clear due to inconsistent results with different sets of species. Positive correlations between genome size and intron size and density were reported in early studies, but these proposals were refuted by the results with increased numbers of species, in which genome-wide features of introns (size, density, gene contents, repeats) were weakly associated with genome size. The assumption of the correlations between C-value and gene number (G-value) and organismal complexity is acceptable in general, but this assumption is often violated in specific lineages or species, suggesting C- and G-value paradoxes. The C-value paradox is partly explained by noncoding repeatomes. The G-value paradox can also be explained by several genomic features: (1) one gene can produce many mature mRNAs by alternative splicing, and eukaryotic gene expression is highly regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels; (2) many proteins exert multiple functions during development; (3) gene expansion/contraction are frequent events in the gene family among evolutionarily close species; and (4) sets of homeotic genes regulate development such that organismal complexity is sometimes not clear among organisms. A large genome must be burdensome in terms of cell economy, such that a large genome constraint results in the distribution of genome sizes skewed to small genomes. Moreover, the C-value can affect the phenome. A strong positive correlation has been recognized between genome size and cell size, but the relationship is weak or null with higher-level traits. Additional analyses of the relationship between the C-value and phenome should be carried out, because natural selection acts on the phenotype rather than the genotype. Conclusions Dramatic advancement in genomics has given some answers to the C-value and G-value paradoxes. We know the mechanisms by which the current genomes have been constructed. However, basic questions have not yet been fully resolved. Why have some species retained small genomes yet some closely related species have large genomes? Random genetic drift and mutational pressure might have affected for genome size in the limited population size during evolution; thus, genome size may be quasiadaptable rather than the best adaptive trait.

흰쥐 해마박편에서 acetylcholine이 gamma-aminobutyric acid 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김익현,김형룡,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1991 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.15 No.2

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of acetylcholine on the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices (300∼400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Kim et al(1988) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium(KBM, pH 7.4) for 1hr at 37℃. Pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then potassium(50mM)-containing KBM for 5 min period. Basal and potassium-induced release of GABA were determined from recovered medium by HPLC. After 30min resting period, in the presence of physostigmine(20μM) slices were reincubated in acetylcholine-containing KBM and acetylcholine plus potassium-containing medium consecutively for 5min period each to investigate the effect of acetylcholine on basal or potassium-induced GABA release from hippocampal slices. The observed results were as follows: 1. The release of GABA induced by the first and second 5 min-exposure of 50mM potassium was 107.3±8.2 nmol and 90.6±3.2nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 4.6 and 4.6-fold increase respectively. 2. Physostigmine(20μM) had no significant effect on the spontaneous release of GABA. 3. Acetylcholine(10-1000μM) increased spontaneous and potassium-induced GABA release in a dose-dependent manner.

Induction of a Mutant , Monascus anka 732Y3 from Monascus anka KFCC 11832 and its Morphological Observations

KIM,JUN - SUNG,KEE - HYUN CHOI,JANG - YOON CHOI YOON - SOO LEE,YOUNG - YOUL CHANG,IK - BOO KWON 한국미생물생명공학회 1993 Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.3 No.2

韓國의 朱子學 受容과 그 展開에 關한 論究 : 主로 麗末鮮初를 中心으로 Mainly the last era of Koryo and the first one of Chosun

金益洙 건국대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

Neo-Confucianism can be called "physical science" or "ethics". This eventually means the philosophyical system of confucianism which was commenced by confucius. Infact, Neo-Confucianism suggested the theory of Neo-Confucianism to that of confucius and Mencius. The major reason for the Neo-Confucianism in "Song" of China lies in the following two factors; one is external element of political and social causes and the other internal element of ideological causes. The formation of Neo-Confucianism in the era of "Song" was much influenced by Buddhism and Taoism and yet was integrated the establishment of independence in the sense of Confucianism. When we take a close look at the process of Neo·Confucianism formation in the era of "Song", "Ch'i; material force" theory by such individuals as "Chou Lie Chi, and Chang Heng Ch'u" is first and "Li, principle by Ch'eng I Ch'uan" and "Chu Hsi" (1130-1200) came into being next, and "Hsin Hsu¨en" by "Lu Hsiang Shan" and Yang Tzu-Hu was followed. This study in going to take a good look at the formation and development of Neo-Confucianism in Korea. (1) The formation of Neo-Confucianism in the later era of Koryo Dynasty. Since the King "Ch'ungnyoˇl"(the 25th King of Koryo 1275-1308), Neo-Confucianism was studied and understood firstly by "An Hyang" (1243-1306) and then by "Baek Yi Chung", "Wau Tak", "Kwuen Boo", Lee Je Hyun", "Yi Saek" and "Chong Mong Chu". The characteristics of confucianism of Koryo era can be seen in the parley among confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, but after that the Neo-Confucanism was accepted and recongnized and in the mean time Taoism and Buddhism were being rejected. Shortly after this, new learning began coming up with influence by Taoism of "North Song" and Chutzuism (Chinese Dualistic Philosophy) of "South Song". There were two classes of Confucianist at the later era of Koryo Dynasty; one who studied in Peking of "Yu¨an" and the other who studied in Nanking of "Ming". And those who studied in "Yu¨an" got the knowledge both on Neo·Confucianism and literal sentences, and on the other hand rising scholars such as "Chong Mong Chu" (1337-1392), "Chong To Chien" (1342-1398) and Kwon Kuen (1352-1409) firstly formed Neo-Confucianism in our country. Especially, "Chong Mong Chu" not only occupied a form position in Korean history on Confucianism but also he was called as the Father of Korean Neo-Confucanism and "Kil Jae" (1352-1419) is renouned for the fidelity to his principle. (2) The formation and development of Neo-Confucianism in the early era of "Yi Dynasty". After Koryo Dynasty came to an end, "Yi Dynasty" began to develop the conversion of ideology; admiring for Confucianism and rejecting Buddhism. Consequently, the Confucianists of "Yi Dynasty" could set up new type of learning based on faithful, rational and moral thoughts for the formation of Neo-Confucianism. But in Korea Neo-Confucianism and Taoism are distinguished from each other. The learning and spirits of "Chong Mong Chu" at the later era of Koryo Dynasty were handed down developing to "Kil Jae", to "Kim Sook Cha" (1398-1456), to his son "Kim Kuing Pil" (1454-1504), to "Chong Yeo Chang" (1450-1504), and handed down from "Kim Kuing Pil" to "Cho Kwang Cho" (1482-1519) this sort of scholastic mantle may be regarded as a real vein of Korean Neo-Confucianism.

2000년 시드니 올림픽 유도경기 대비 세계 우수선수들의 개인별 기술 및 패턴에 관한 연구 : 남자선수를 중심으로

김종달,김규수,한성철,최종삼,윤익선,조용철,김의환 용인대학교 무도연구소 2000 武道硏究所誌 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze international contest levels and the competition techniques traits of each category, individual scoring - losing techniques of world elite judokas who were awarded in the international judo tournaments (I.J.T.) (part 1: ~O.G '96, part 2 :from O.G '96 to July, 2000), and who are expected to participate in the 27th Olympic Games(O.G.) Sydney 2000 to prepare the 27th O.G. which will be held from 16. to 22. September 2000 at Exhibition (Center, Darling Harbour, in Sydney, Australia The records of the results and contents of competition were obtained out of (115 for man,) I.J.T., world elite judokas. To decide individual contest levels, groups were derided into 3(A,B,C)groups and points were graded by 3 ways. The I.J.T. that were derided into 3 groups are shown in the table 1.