The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

조선시대 유산기에 나타난 한라산 등람배경과 관행

고윤정(Ko, Yoon-Jeong),오상학(Oh, Sang-Hak) 제주학회 2021 濟州島硏究 Vol.56 No.-

본고는 조선시대 한라산을 올랐던 제주목사와 관리 및 유생들의 유산기록 총 13편을 토대로 한라산 등람여정과 등람관행, 그리고 한라산 정상부에 존재하는 자연경관과 역사문화경관에 대해 분석했다. 분석 대상으로 삼은 유산관련 사료들은 제주도민이 아닌 제주에 부임해 온 관료들이나 제주도에 유배해왔던 문사들의 기록이 대부분이며, 제주 도민이 직접 저술한 사료는 1편에 불과했다. 16세기 유산기 문헌으로는 임제의 기록이 있으며, 17세기 문헌으로는 김상헌과 김치, 이증, 김성구, 이익태의 유산기 등 5편이다. 18세기 문헌으로는 이형상과 이해조, 조관빈의 기록 등 3편이며, 19세기에는 윤제홍의 그림과 이원조, 최익현, 김희정의 유산기록 4편이다. 한라산 등람여정과 등람관행을 살펴보면, 등람동기로 가장 많은 부분을 차지했던 것이 산수유람이었으며, 그 다음으로 한라산신제 제관으로서의 산행, 자연풍물에 대한 체험과 기록을 위한 산행으로 나눌 수 있다. This paper has attempted to analyze the historical and cultural scenic landscapes as wel l as the natural heritage that exists at the summit along with the records of climbing jour neys based on a total of 13 heritage records written during the sojourn of the Jeju Gover nor, administrators and scholars on their hike up to Halla Mountain. The related historical records that have come under scrutiny are mostly records written by literary scholars wh o had been exiled to Jeju or government appointed officials and not the Jeju people. Only one record exists that was written directly by a Jeju resident. A literary record about cli mbing in the 16th Century written by Yim Jae exists to this day, while 5 records written about the pleasures of hiking by Kim Sang-heon, Kim Chi, Yi Jeung, Kim Sung-gu and Y i Yick-tae in the 17th Century has been passed down. As for the 18th Century, 3 such r ecords exist by Yi Hyeong-sang, Yi Hae-jo, and Jo Kwan-bin while in the 19th Century, a total of 4 records exist which includes a painting by Yoon Jae-hong, and 3 other recor ds written by Yi Won-jo, Choi Yick-hyeon and Kim Hee-jung can be seen.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

아스피린 불내성 천식환자에서 포도상구균에 대한 혈청 특이 IgE 항체 측정

오정미,김승현,윤성호,김상하,서창희,남동호,박해심 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched 표면처리에 따른 교정용 미니 임플랜트의 제거회전력에 관한 연구

오남희,김성훈,국윤아,이근혜,강윤구,모성서 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched(SLA) 표면처리 된 교정용 미니 임플랜트와 평활면을 가진 교정용 미니 임플랜트 사이에 제거회전력과 조직학적 소견을 통해 표면처리된 교정용 임플랜트의 임상적 가능성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 실험재료로는 길이가 9.5 mm, 외경이 1.8 mm인 custom made, screw shaped, titanium implants가 사용되었다. 미니 임플랜트는 두개의 군으로 분류되었는데 SLA군은 20개의 SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트이었고, 평활면군은 크기와 형태가 같지만 SLA처리공정이 생략되어 제작된 20개의 미니 임플랜트로 구성되었다. 이들은 10마리 가토의 경골에 식립되었다. 각각의 가토의 우측 경골에는 SLA군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었고, 좌측 경골에는 평활면군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었다. 각 군에는 식립 직후 Ni-Ti coil spring에 의해 약 150 g의 지속적인 견인력이 주어졌다. 식립 6주 후에 10마리의 가토를 희생하였고, 안정된 상태에서 Ni-Ti coil spring을 제거하였으며 digital torque gauge를 이용하여 제거 회전력을 측정하였다. 식립 6주 후에 SLA군의 경우 (8.29 Ncm) 평활면군 (3.34 Ncm)에 비해 더 높은 평균 제거회전력을 나타내었고 조직학적 소견에서도 screw 하방에서의 신생골 형성이 관찰되었다. SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트는 평활면 미니 임플랜트에 비해 좀 더 강한 교정력에 저항할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다. Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences between sand blasted, large grit and acid-etched (SLA) treated mini-implants and smooth surface orthodontic mini-implants in relation to the removal torque as well as the histologic analysis. Methods: Custom-made, screw-shaped, titanium implants with a length of 9.5 mm and an outer diameter of 1.8 mm were divided into 2 groups; the SLA group (20 SLA treated orthodontic mini-implants) and the smooth surface group (20 smooth surface mini-implants), and placed in the tibia metaphysis of 10 rabbits. Each rabbit had 4 mini-implants placed, 2 in each tibia. The right tibia were implanted with the SLA group mini-implants and the left tibia had the smooth group mini-implants placed. Each mini-implant group were immediately applied with a continuous traction force of 150 g using a Ni-Ti coil spring. The rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks post-surgically. Subsequently, the legs were stabilized, the Ni-Ti coil springs were removed and the mini-implants were removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque gauge. Results: 6 weeks after placement, the SLA group presented a higher mean removal torque value (8.29 Ncm) than the smooth group (3.34 Ncm) and histologic analysis revealed a higher new bone formation aspect along the screw in the SLA group. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that SLA treated mini-implants may endure higher orthodontic forces without loosening.

솔잎의 약리학적·영양학적 가치

윤상욱,유신재,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1997 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.5

This study was to analyze comparatively for major chemical and nutritional components of Pinus densiflora needle that have widely used in Korean traditional medicine and to evaluate the pharmacological and nutritional values of that, and to provide the fundamental informations on development of the red pine needle medicine through verifying propriety of prescriptions of Korean traditional medicine. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In Correspondence Analysis to the similarity between species and terpenoids, terpinolene, bonyl acetate, and α-cadinol were closely situated to Pinus densiflora, while α-pinene, β-pinene, campene, β-phellandrene were so in relatively long distance to Pinus densiflora that the terpenoids were appeared to be impartially distributed in other needle species. 2. Each terpenoids in Pinus densiflora needle were contained as relatively even quantities, while terpenoids of needles of other species were very variant and contents of certain terpenoids were remarkably high, and, thus, such a variance would be background that peoples or animals did not choose other species that caused rejection when they ate. 3. By analysing the pharmacological effectiveness of plants containing plentifully certain components, terpenoids of Pinus densiflora needle were appeared to have varied function such as renewal promotion, blood­circulation promotion, analgesic, sedative, antiinflammatory, expectorant, antibiotics, vermicide, and fragrance. 4. In Correspondence Analysis to the similarity between species and terpenoids, salicylic acid and vanilic acid were closely situated to Pinus densiflora, and phenolic and tannin compounds of Pinus densiflora needle were considered to have the effect of anti­virus and vermicide, respectively. 5. Nutritional value of Pinus densiflora needle was appeared to be superior than other grains, and if the way to annex terpenoids to needle powder is developed, the fragrance and the preventative effect to geriatric diseases would be more excellent. 6. Korean traditional medicine seems to make prescriptions and preparations of red pine needles harmonizing with various diseases.

단일 치근을 가진 하악 제1유구치

윤상일,최형준,김성오,이제호,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

본 증례에서는 단일 치근을 가진 하악 제1유구치에 대해 서술하고자 한다. 5세 남아의 하악 제1유구치는 방사선 사진 검사결과 양측성으로 분명한 단일치근을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 보통 상악 구치는 3개의 치근을, 하악 구치는 2개의 치근을 가지나, 치아의 발육시기도중 Hertwig상피근초가 제 시기에 적절히 함입되지 못하면 치근이 서로 나뉘지 못하여 치근의 융합이 발생될 수 있다. 융합된 치근을 가진 구치는 정상적인 구치보다 불리한 치관-치근 비율을 가질 뿐 아니라, 여러 보고에 의하면 융합된 치근을 가진 사람은 다수 치아의 선천적 결손이나, 상악 전치에서 치내치가 발현될 확률이 높아 예방적 치과 치료가 필요할 수 있다. 그리고, 외배엽이형성증, 합지증, 만지증, 청색공막증과 같은 전신 질환과 연관되어 나타날 수도 있다고 한다. 치근융합은 유전적으로 상염색체 열성 유전을 따른다고 밝혀진 바 있다. 현재까지 단일 치근을 가진 구치는 대부분 영구 구치에서 많이 보고된 바 있지만, 유구치에서는 거의 보고된 바가 없기에 이에 보고하는 바이다. In this case, we would like to discuss about the single rooted deciduous mandibular first molar. The deciduous mandibular molar of a five years old boy was shown to have a single root, bilaterally. Ordinarily, the maxilary molars have three roots and the mandibular molars have two roots. However, when the hertwig's epithelial root sheath do not invaginate properly during tooth development, root fusion can occur from the absence of root separation. Molars with fused roots not only have unfavorable crown to root ratio, but also according to many reports, have higher probability of having multiple congenitally missing teeth or dens invaginatus in the maxillary incisors, consequently requiring preventive dental treatment. In addition, disorders such as ectodermal dysplasia, syndactyly, clinodactyly, bluish sclera can also be related to this condition. Root fusion is known to be of autosomal recessive inheritance. Up to date, single rooted molars have been reported several times in permanent dentitions but hardly in deciduous dentition, which is the motive for this paper.

민간경비 참여 기업의 영역별 활동에 관한 고찰

오윤성,장석헌 순천향대학교 사회과학연구소 2002 순천향 사회과학연구 Vol.8 No.2

Crime is one of the eternal factors that is difficult to cure in a human society. Conceptually the fear of crime is an interesting point to sociologists and crinminologists. Most people are concerned about the quality of public security crime prevention. They are skeptical wonder if the police, who is typically ensure the public security, can support basic functions and roles of crime prevention to ensure the safety of citizens. The 9.11 terrorist attack on New York illustrated the vulnerability of traditional systems and recognizes that there are "no safe zone" in the world. The history of private security in Korea is shorter than other countries, U.S and Japan, etc. The development of private security in Korea began 1960s, and has show hasty development in the early 1980s. At that moment, national events and festivals such as the Asian Games and Olympic Games stimulated the development of Korean private security industry, Relatively the Korean private security market is in the beginning phase. Most private security companies in Korea cooperate with foreign security companies. As matter of fact, the policy of private security in Korea has been affected by the adaption of foreign policy. This study is limited to small private security companies. We will try to compare private security activities, mainly to larger companies and arrange and suggest related the goals of private security regulations and implementation of private security operations.

적응적 비트평면 분할을 이용한 무손실 쿼드트리의 영상압축

윤정오,조영창,강상욱 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.5 No.1(B)

The transmission and storage of digital images require an enormous enpenditure of bandwidth and memory resources, necessitating the use of compression schemes can be divided into two categories : lossy coding schemes, and lossless coding schemes. In lossy coding schemes some portion of information is irretrievably lost, while in lossless coding schemes. However, the loss of information may not be acceptable in certain applications, such as transmission and storage of medical or scientific images, high-precision image, preservation of art work and historical documents. In this paper, we propose two lossless image compression methods using quadtree. this skill is composed of three steps : in the first step, we use predictive coding. at this course, we can choice the predictor what we want. Then, the second step, prediction error image be sliced by 1bit, 2bit, 4bit, 8bit. Last step, we apply quadtree coding. Experimental results show that the prpposed method (L-JPEG + GAP + quadtree combination method) is better than L-JPEG and close to GAP in compression ratio.

암환자에 대한 임상실습전 학생들의 견해에 관한 연구

오윤경,기정숙,박상학 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

We evaluated the attitudes towards cancer patients in third year medical students who did not receive a lecture before starting the poly-clinic education about radiation oncology in our medical school. We obtained a total of 142 answers from the students that completed the questionnaire of the following. 1) Should the patient be notified of the terminal cancer? The patient should be notified of terminal cancer in 95.1%, 91.6%, and 85.9% from the point of view of a patient, a doctor, and patients' families, respectively. 2) Who should notify the patient that the disease is terminal cancer? Doctor(53.3%), professor(22.2%). fami1y(17.1%). fnend(2.2%), and others(2.2%), respectively. 3) Do you have any experience of anticancer treatment with an intimate person? Yes(42.3%), No(56.3%). 4) Did the patient know about the cancer? Yes(81.6%), guess (15.0%). no(1.7%). 5) Do you wish to prolong the survival time from 1 year to 3 years with long courses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy? No(56.3%), yes(40.2%). 6) The attitude about marriage in the situation of engaged status and recently diagnosed cancer. As an engaged person: marry(30.3%), delay(43%). don't marry(23.9%). As family of a cancer patient who is engaged: marry(9.1%), delay(43.7%), don't marry(38,7%). As a cancer patient: marry(2.8%). delay (27.5%), don't marry(67.6%). The results of this study necessitate the education about the following: emotional state of cancer patients, decision about informing the patient of the true diagnosis, the method and timing of informing, sharing bad news with patients, and control of anxiety as a doctor. The students expressed pessimism about anticancer treatment. Therefore, the exact results and positive aspects of anti-cancer treatment should be emphasized more during the lecture and poly-clinic education about radiation oncology in our medical school.