부산 사녕사무론의 상기적 요소 고찰

김상하 한국동양예술학회 2025 동양예술 Vol.67 No.-

논문요약> 傅山 四寧四毋論의 尙奇的 要素 考察 김상하 이 논문은 중국 明末․清初에 활동한 뛰어난 사상가이자 서예가인 傅山의 대표 書論인 四寧四毋論의 尙奇的 要素에 대해 연구한 논문이다. 그의 미학 사상으로 대표되는 四寧四毋論은 天機自然論과 奇正相生論을 바탕으로 형성된 尙奇的인 要素가 많은 이론이다. 사녕사무론은 당시 사상의 중심축이었던 儒家의 溫柔敦厚한 중화미를 부정하고, 유가가 비판하는 怪力亂神을 긍정하며, 狂․怪한 서체를 통한 ‘醜’․‘拙’과 ‘支離’․‘直率’을 강조한 尙奇의 이론이다. 사녕사무론의 키워드는 ‘졸’․ ‘추’․‘ 지리’․ ‘직솔’이다. ‘졸’․ ‘추’는 심미관점에서 본것이며, ‘지리’와 ‘직솔’은 골법 용필의 관점에서 본 것이다. ‘졸’과 ‘교’, ‘추’와 ‘미’, ‘지리’와 ‘경활’, ‘직솔’과 ‘안배’는 서로 對待關係로서 相生相成하는 개념이다. 天機自然論에서의 자연스런 글씨는 길들여지지 않는 글씨로, 진정을 강조하고, 書法佳境을 추구한 가운데 상기적인 요소가 있고, 奇正相生論은 奇異함을 나타내는 書學觀과 奇正相生을 추구하는 서학관에서 상기적인 요소가 있다. 본고에서는 사녕사무론의 상기적 요소에 대하여 살펴보고자한다. 주제어: 傅山, 尙奇, 四寧四毋, 天機自然, 奇正相生. ABSTRACT A study on the elements that revere the weirdness of Fu Shan’s The Theory of Not doing Four rather than Doing Four things. Kim, Sangha This dissertation is a study on the elements that revere the weirdness of Fu Shan’s calligraphy theory, an outstanding poet, thinker, and artist who lived between the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties of China. Born in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, Fu Shan was a calligrapher with a distinct personality, who also had many outstanding talents in numerous fields. As a refugee and an intellectual of the Ming dynasty, who was active during the turbulent transition period of the Ming and Qing dynasties, he has been admired by the people since then for his outstanding personality and integrity; his calligraphy has since gained a high reputation. Along with Zhang Ruitu, Huang Daozhou, Ni Yuanlu, and Wang Duo, he formed an innovative romantic calligraphy style. When entering the Qing Dynasty he, along with Wang Duo, led the change of aesthetics as part of an innovative faction. The theory of The Not doing Four rather than Doing Four things represented by his aesthetic thought, was a theory formed based on the theory of natural secret and the theory of the rightness and the weirdness mutual growth. The theory of natural secret should be appeared in the writing. The theory of Not doing Four rather than Doing Four things complements the gentle and generous beauty of Equilibrium-Harmony of Confucianism, which was the central axis of the time. The keywords of the theory of Not doing Four rather than Doing Four things are ‘ugliness’, ‘clumsiness’, ‘fragmentation’, ‘candidness’. ‘Ugliness’ and ‘beauty’, ‘clumsiness’ and ‘skillfulness’, ‘fragmentation’ and ‘light and smooth’, ‘candidness’ and ‘contrived arrangement improve each other in correlation The concept of ‘ugliness’ he pursued in the thought of ‘rather make it ugly, but do not make it beautiful’ brought a new conversion in calligraphy creation with a new aesthetic thought that recognizes ‘ugliness’ as beauty. If calligraphy is defined as an art of expressing the artist's feelings and thoughts by writing with a brush, his theory of s The Four Do’s and Four Don’ts which emphasizes natural and powerful historical methods using his knowledge of the ancient Chinese character, and insists on expressing the artist's true feelings, has many implications today when he must pursue change and innovation along with the Theory of Natural Secret and Theory of Rightness and Weirdness. Key words : Fu Shan, revere the weirdness , The Theory of Not doing Four rather than Doing Four things, natural secret , rightness and weirdness.

기술연재- DDBMS의 파트너 ‘MMDBMS’가 뜬다

김상하,Kim, Sang-Ha 한국데이터베이스진흥원 2004 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.8 No.-

MMDBMS(Main Memory DataBase Management System)는 통신업종을 주력으로 해 금융업종으로 빠르게 성장세를 이어가며 데이터베이스 관리시스템 시장에서 3% 이상의 높은 시장점유율을 차지하고 있다. DDBMS(Disk-based Database Management Sysrem 디스크 기반 데이터베이스 관리시스템)의 부족한 기능을 보완 또는 부분적으로 대체하고있는 것이다. 하지만 정작 사용자들은 MMDBMS에 대해 잘 모르는 경우가 많고, 또 정확한 이해를 하지 못하고 있는 경우가 대부분이다. 이 글에서는 MMDBMS에 대한 정확한 이해를 통해 정보시스템을 구축하는데 있어서 DDBMS의 기능을 보완하는김상하MMDBMS의 활용을 돕고자 한다.

韓國의 國家競爭力 現況과 提高方案

金相廈 한국법학원 1994 저스티스 Vol.27 No.s

DBMS 제품 특성비교

김상하,Kim, Sang-Ha 한국데이터베이스진흥원 1998 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.11 No.-

현재 기업은 수많은 정보의 효율적 관리를 위해 데이터베이스관리시스템(DBMS)을 널리 사용하고 있으며, 기업 고유의 데이터 처리에 적합한 DBMS을 도입하려고 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 업체별 DBMS제품의 특성 및 장ㆍ단점을 사용자와 개발자 측면에서 비교,검토하여 DBMS 도입시에 필요한 가이드라인을 제시한다.

S / W Configuration 에 관한 연구 ( The Reasearch of Software Configuration )

김상하,염상기,김문규 대한전자공학회 1988 특정연구 결과 발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Data Structures and Sparse Matrix Techniques for the Implementation of Projector-Based Optimization Algorithms

김상하 한국경영과학회 1991 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

A Comparative Study on Zirconia Bridge Shrinkage Depending on Zirconia Block

김상하,이청재 대한예방치과학회 2022 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.18 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how much the shrinkage of a zirconia specimen differs from the design. Methods: A specimen model was produced and tested using ready-made abutments. Two zirconia block manufacturers were manufactured and processed a total of 30 specimens (15 specimens each) in the shape of a cuboid for ease of length measurement. Results: When the average length was compared to the original design, the block of company K showed a difference in length of 0.003 mm, 0.0013 mm, 0.0123 mm, and 0.0037 mm by location, whereas the block of company C showed a length difference of 0.009 mm, 0.002 mm, 0.363 mm, 0.1123 mm, and 0.025 mm. Conclusion: In the case of company K, the result was smaller than the original, whereas in the case of company C, the result was larger than the original, and the block of company K produced a result that was closer to the original design. In addition, when the actual specimen was mounted on the test piece, 1 out of 15 for company K and 8 out of 15 for company C showed an insufficient fit.

[기술해설]네트워크 컴퓨팅을 위한 통신망 구조

김상하,박영호,최현경,김경일,박남훈,오현주 한국정보과학회 1997 정보과학회지 Vol.15 No.7

Poly(phenylene sulfide) Graphite Composites with Graphite Nanoplatelets as a Secondary Filler for Bipolar Plates in Fuel Cell Applications

김상하,우종석,박수영 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.11

Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) have been used as a secondary filler to improve the electrical conductivity of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/graphite composites for use as bipolar plates in fuel cells, and the effects of adding small quantities of GNPs on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of PPS/GNP/graphite composites have been extensively studied. The GNPs were compounded with PPS to produce master batch (MB) chips that were further ground to fine MB powder (MBg). PPS/MBg/graphite powders were compressed to fabricate 10-mm thick square samples. Composites containing a large quantity of graphite (~80 wt%) were then tested for use as a bipolar plate in phosphoric acid fuel cells. When 5 wt% GNP was added to the PPS/graphite composite, the in-plane electrical conductivity increased almost twofold from 643 to 1340 S·cm-1, the through-plane electrical conductivity increased from 19 to 54 S·cm-1, the through-plane thermal conductivity increased approximately two-fold from 60 to 129 W·(mK)-1, and the flexural strength decreased slightly from 32 to 26 MPa. The fractured surface of the compressed MBg sample revealed well-dispersed GNPs in the PPS matrix, which created electrical pathways and improved the electrical conductivity of the non-conducting PPS matrix material. Thus, the PPS/GNP/graphite composite is a promising system for bipolar plate applications because a higher amount of graphite (~93 wt%) is needed in PPS/graphite composites to reach the same level of electrical conductivity as the PPS/MBg (5 wt%)/graphite (75 wt%) composite, and such a large quantity of graphite is difficult to process and leads to weaker mechanical properties.

산화방지제의 사용기술

김상하 한국공업화학회 1996 한국공업화학회 심포지엄 Vol.4 No.-