정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

Carbon monoxide prevents TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation by inhibiting NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p biogenesis

Choi, Seunghwan,Kim, Joohwan,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Dong-Keon,Park, Wonjin,Park, Minsik,Kim, Suji,Hwang, Jong Yun,Won, Moo-Ho,Choi, Yoon Kyung,Ryoo, Sungwoo,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeong Nature Publishing Group 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.11

<P>Heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide prevents inflammatory vascular disorders. To date, there is no clear evidence that HO-1/CO prevents endothelial dysfunction associated with the downregulation of endothelial NO synthesis in human endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Here, we found that the CO-releasing compound CORM-2 prevented TNF-α-mediated decreases in eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production, without affecting eNOS promoter activity, by maintaining the functional activity of the <I>eNOS</I> mRNA 3′-untranslated region. By contrast, CORM-2 inhibited MIR155HG expression and miR-155-5p biogenesis in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells, resulting in recovery of the 3′-UTR activity of <I>eNOS</I> mRNA, a target of miR-155-5p. The beneficial effect of CORM-2 was blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor, a miR-155-5p mimic, a HO-1 inhibitor and siRNA against HO-1, indicating that CO rescues TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation through NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p expression via HO-1 induction; similar protective effects of ectopic HO-1 expression and bilirubin were observed in endothelial cells treated with TNF-α. Moreover, heme degradation products, except iron and <I>N</I>-acetylcysteine prevented H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated miR-155-5p biogenesis and eNOS downregulation. These data demonstrate that CO prevents TNF-α-mediated eNOS downregulation by inhibiting redox-sensitive miR-155-5p biogenesis through a positive forward circuit between CO and HO-1 induction. This circuit may play an important preventive role in inflammatory endothelial dysfunction associated with human vascular diseases.</P>

실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.

신규 방사성 항암제 DW-166HC 의 소핵시험

문은이(Eun Yi Moon),이진(Jin Lee),이원용(Won Yong Lee),최청하(Chung Ha Choi),이덕근(Dug Keun Lee),유제만(Jei Man Ryu),정용호(Yong Ho Chung),윤성준(Sung June Yoon),박경배(Kyung Bae Park) 한국응용약물학회 1997 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.5 No.3

DW-166HC (^(166)Holmium (^(166)Ho)-Chitosan complex) is a new radiopharmaceutic anticancer agent with a broad anti-tumorigenic spectrum, especially against human hepatic cancer. DW-166HC was evaluated for the appearance of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) of mouse bone marrow cells after subcutaneous arid intravenous single administration. Bone marrow cells were prepared at 24 hr and 48 hr after DW-166HC-I (^(165)Ho-Chitosan complex : cold compound) administration and at 24 hr, 72 hr and 2 weeks after DW-166HC (^(166)Ho-Chitosan complex : hot compound) administration. The results showed there was no statistically significant increase of the numbers of PCEs with micronucleus in all DW-166HC-I administered groups compared with a negative control group but there was statistically significant increase of the numbers of PCEs with micronucleus at 24 hr arid 72 hr in all DW-166HC administered groups, which was recovered after 2 weeks from the drug administration. The results also showed the ratio of normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) to PCEs of all DW-166HC-I administered groups was not significantly different from that of a negative controi group but there was significant difference of this ratio at 24hr and 72 hr in all DW-166HC administered groups compared with that of negative group, which was also recovered after two weeks from the drug administration. These results suggested that DW-166HC-I may not cause any chromosomal damage but DW-166HC has in vivo mutagenic potential because of its radioactivity.

계열별 고등학생집단의 뇌기능특성화 경향에 대한 연구

윤규태,최기수,안의태,고정식,양남길,박경호 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 연구에서는 계열에 따른 고등학생들의 대뇌반구기능의 특성화 또는 편재화의 경향을 알아보고, 전공분야에 대한 적응력과의 상관관계를 검토하고자 했다. 일반고등학교 인문계열 학생 359명, 자연계열 학생 371명, 음악과 미술전공 학생을 포함한 예능계열 196명, 체육특기자를 포함한 체육계열 학생 151명 등 1,077명을 대상으로 각 계열별, 남녀별, 성적별 고등학생 집단들의 대뇌반구의 특성화, 편재화 경향을 시나가와(품川)질문지법을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인문계열 고등학생의 뇌기능의 편재화 경향은 우뇌형 54.3%, 양쪽뇌형 32.6% 및 좌뇌형 13.1%였다. 남녀별로는 남학생은 우뇌형 62.9% 양쪽뇌형 27.9% 및 좌뇌형 9.5%로 나타났으며, 여학생은 각각 43.7%, 38.6% 및 17.7%로서 여학생이 남학생에 비하여 죄뇌화 경향을 보였다. 2. 자연계열 고등학생의 경우는 우뇌형 56.9%, 양쪽뇌형 29.9% 및 좌뇌형 13.2%로서 인문계열 고등학생과 비슷한 분포를 보였다 이를 남녀별로 구별하여 보면 남학생은 62.2%, 27.1% 및 10.2%, 여학생은 51.5%, 32.5%및 16.0%의 분포를 보여, 역시 여학생의 좌뇌화 경향이 뚜렷했다. 3. 예능계열 고등학생의 경우는 우뇌형 56.1%, 양쪽뇌형 35.2% 및 좌뇌형 8.7%의 분포를 보였으며, 이를 전공별로 세분해서 살펴보면 음악전공학생의 경우 53.7%, 35.5% 및 10.7%로서 전체 평균과 거의 비슷한 분포를 보였으나, 미술전공학생의 경우 60.0%, 34.7% 및 5.3%로서 , 특히 좌뇌형의 경우 음악전공에 비해 절반수준에도 못 미치는 경향을 보였다. 4. 체능계열 고등학생 집단의 경우 우뇌형 50.3%, 양쪽뇌형 37.7% 및 좌뇌형 11.9% 분포를 보였다. 5. 성적별로 보면 일반고등학교 학생 가운데 성적 우수 집단은 뚜렷하게 좌뇌형 경향(25.6% 및 25.0%)을 보였다. 6. 예능계열의 우수집단은 양쪽뇌형의 분포비율(50.0% 및 44.4%)이 특히 높았다. 7. 체육계열의 우수집단은 좌뇌형 분포(21.6%)가 높았다. According to the advanced study on differential theory of brain function, the left hemispheric functions are concerned more on the verbal, logical, sequential and arithmetic abilities, whereas the right hemisphere has characteristics of non-lingual, general, creative and aesthetic abilities. The authors compared the tendency of hemispheric specialization in high school students with different educational condition and facilities. Sinakawa's questionnaire method was the instrument for this study. The results obtained were as follows: Among 1,077 of whole subjects, right hemispheric dominant type was 55.0% (59.1% in male, 51.0% in female), bilateral type was 32.9% (10.6% in male, 35.1% in female) and left hemispheric dominant type was 12.2% (10.4% in male, 13.9% in female). 1. Of the 359 subjects in the field of humanity science, right hemispheric dominant type was 54.3% (62.9% in male, 43.7% in female), bilateral type was 32.6% (27.9% in male, 38.6% in female) and left hemispheric dominant type was 13.1% (9.5% in male, 17.7% in female). 2. Of the 371 subjects in the field of natural science, right hemispheric dominant type was 56.9% (62.2% in male, 51.5% in female), bilateral type was 29.9% (27.1% in male, 32.5% in female) and left hemispheric dominant type was 13.2% (10.2% in male, 16.0% in female). 3. Of the 196 art school students, 56.1% was regraded as right hemispheric dominant type, students majoring music was 53.7%, 35.5% and 10.7%, respectively, whereas the frequency for students majoring find art was 60.0%, 34.7% and 5.3%. 4. In students majoring physical education, 50.3% were shown in right hemispheric dominant type, 37.7% were bilateral type and 11.9% were left hemispheric dominant type. 5. Laterality patterns of students who adapt more successfully to their specific studying fields show following characteristics; Successful students of general high school show pronounced left shift in their laterality pattern, whereas successful students of art school exhibit more bilateral type. And successful students of physical education school show left shift in their laterality patterns.

Cadmium Sulfate가 肝組織에 미치는 影響에 관한 形態學的 硏究

윤강호,박경란,김수일,노승무,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Cadmium is well known toxic heavy metal which has been related with various pathologic conditions of liver, kindney, testis, cardiovascular system and central nervous system etc.. In this experiment, cadmium sulfate (1.2mg/100gm b.w.) was given intravenously into the mouse (Balb - C, b. w. 20 - 25gm) via tail vein for the study on morphological changes of liver. On the 8hours, 16hours and 24hours after administration, mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, liver was removed, then, a part of liver was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, processed routinely, stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and observed under light microscope. Otherwise, the remainder portion of liver tissue was prefixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution, postfixed in the 1% osmium tetraoxide solution, embedded with Epon 840, and observed under transmission electron microscope(H-7000, Hitachi Co.). The results obtained were as followings ; 1. On light microscopic observation, hemorrhagic necrosis at the zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ with congestion of hepatic lobules were found. 2. On transmission electron microscopic observation, cisternal dilation of RER & SER, autophagic vacuoles, myelin figures, and certain electron dense materials within the hepatocytes were found. Although this observations were limited in mice, the above findings of its acute effects on liver morphology will serve morphological basis for the better understanding of toxic effects on liver after chronic exposure or multiple interactions with other toxic substances.

사무직 근로자들의 카드뮴에 대한 노출정도

이경재,김주자,황정호,허지회,김강윤 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

..

인터넷 통신에서 자바 바이트코드를 이용한 애플릿 보안

윤찬호,석경휴,나기창,배철수,나상동 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

Java applets are downloaded from web server through internet and executed in Java Virtual Machine of clients' browser. Before execution of java applets, JVM checks bytecode program with bytecode verifier and performs runtime tests with interpreter. However, these tests will not protect against undesirable runtime behavior of java applets, such as denial of service attack, email forging attack, URL spoofing attack, or annoying sound attack. In order to protect malicious applets, a technique used in this paper is java bytecode modification. This technique is used to restrict applet behavior or insert code appropriate to profiling or other monitoring efforts. Java byte modification is divided into two general forms, class-level modification involving subclassing non-final classes and method-level modification used when control over objects from final classes or interface. This paper showed that malicious applets are controlled by java bytecode modification using proxy server. This implementation does not require any changes in the web sever, JVM or web browser.

진동 센서용 압전 박막의 제조 및 그 특성 분석

윤화중,서일환,구경환,임무열,이진호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1993 연차보고서 Vol.1993 No.-

졸-겔 spin-coating법을 이용하여 PZT 압전 박막을 제작하고 그 물리적 및 전기적 성질을 평가하여 진동 측정용 센서로서의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. PZT의 원료로는 Pb-acetate, Zr-propoxide 그리고 Ti-propoxide를 사용하였다 SEM 단면사진의 결과 하부전극 금속이 silicate화 하였고, SIMS 분석결과 Si와 하부전극의 금속이 PZT 박막의 상층부까지 확산된 것을 알 수 있었다. X-RD로 박막의 결정성을 조사한 결과 하부전극을 Pt로 한 박막과 buffer 층으로 Ti를 증착한 박막에서 강한 perovskite 상이 나타났다. D-E Hysterisis 곡선을 관찰한 결과 강유전성을 나타내며, 항전계는 33.3 ㎸/㎝, 잔유분극은 1.92 C/℃ 이었다. 박막의 비유전율은 57이었다. 박막의 resistance와 impedance의 반공진 주파수는 612 ㎒이고, 이때의 resistance 값은 14 ㏀이었다. 박막의 진동에 대한 주파수 응답 곡선을 측정 결과 12000 ㎐ 이하 저주파 영역에서는 응답 특성이 떨어지고 12000 ㎐ 이상의 어느 정도 높은 주파수 영역에서 응답 특성이 양호하다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 20000 ㎐ 100 ㏈(V)의 진동에 대해 151.4 ㎶의 응답을 나타내었다. PZT thin film was prepared by Sol-Gel spin-coating method and it's physical and electrical caracteristics were appreciated. Pb acetate, Zr propoxide and Ti propoxide used for the starting material to fabricate PZT coating solution. The cross-sectional SEM micrograph showed that the metals of lower electrode was silicated. The SIMS depth profile indicated that the metal of lower electrode and silicon diffused up to the upper part of PZT thin film. For the X-RD data of PZT thin film, the thin film on Pt substrate and with Ti buffer layer had strong perovskite phase. The PZT thin films measured by Sawyer-Tower circuit showed feroelectric characteristic representating D-E hysterisis curve. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the film was 1.92 C/㎠ and 33.3kV/㎝. Dielectric constant of Film is 57. The resistance and impedance antiresonance frequency was 612 ㎒, and the resistance was 14 ㏀ at that frequency. The frequency response curve of PZT film showed that the PZT film responded sensitively at the high frequency, and response voltage of PZT film was 151.4 ㎶ at 20,000 ㎐ 100 ㏈(V) frequency.