고유가극복을 위한 에너지정책방향

고정식,Go, Jeong-Sik 대한석유협회 2005 석유와 에너지 Vol.2005 No.11

이 자료는 지난 11월 7일 국회도서관 강당에서 신국환 국회위원이 주최한 2005 Forum Energypdicy에서 고정식 산업자원부 에너지산업심의관이 발표한 자료를 편집한 것이다.-편집자 주-

국책연구소 R&D 사업과 바람직한 연전노조 활동

고정식,Go, Jeong-Sik 대한석유협회 1990 석유와 에너지 Vol.1990 No.4

전신마취제가 마우스의 장크롬친화세포에 미치는 영향

고정식,김재창,박종환 中央醫學社 1974 中央醫學 Vol.27 No.4

This experiment was performed to study morphological responses of enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum and colon of mice under the general anesthesia. Eighty healthy adult mice weighing about 20g each were divided into two groups; normal and anesthetized. General anesthetics used in this experiment were diethyl ether, chloroform, and halothane as inhalation anesthetics, and thiopental and propanidid as injection anesthetics. Inhalation anesthesia was done by open drop method and injection anesthesia was maintained in surgical anesthesia by a single intraperitoneal injection of 2. 5mg in cases of thiopental and by a initial intraperitoneal injection of 10mg and maintenance dose of 5mg every 15 minutes in cases of propanidid. Anesthetized animals were sacrificed on the 30th minutes, 1st and 2nd hour after the induction. Mucosal specimens from the duodenum and the colon of all the experimental mice were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, embedded. In paraffin wax, sectioned at a thickness of 6 p, and impregnated by Masson-Hamperl's silvering method. The numerical changes of enterochromaffin cells were compared with the numbers of the cells counted in mucosae of 3.0mm width and 6 ,a thickness, and the changes of granularity of the cells were evaluated semiquantitatively by the granulation index, arithmetically weighted to 3-cell types classified according to the degree of granularity of the cells. The results were as follows: 1) In the normal duodenal mucosae, granulation cell index and enterochromaffin granulation index of enterochromaff in cells were 40. 9±7. 90, 79.8±16.09, respectively and in the colonic mucosae, 33. 4±4. 24, 67. 6±3. 86, respectively. 2) Under general anesthesia, there were little changes in granulation cell index and enterochromaffin granulation index and also noticeable changes in shape and distribution of the cell and in distribution of their specific granules were not observed. 3) Judging from the above findings, the enterochromaffin ceIIs were little affection under the general anesthesia.

인간은 인간을 어떻게 인식해 왔는가

고정식 본질과 현상사 2005 본질과 현상 Vol.2 No.-

退溪四七論의 現代的考察

高政植 성균관대학교 문리과대학 동양철학과 1962 東洋哲學 Vol.2 No.1

BCG가 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 생쥐의 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성 및 미세구조에 미치는 영향

고정식,류인상,박경호,박대균,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Ryoo, In-Sang,Park, Kyung-Ho,Park, Dae-Kyoon 한국현미경학회 2009 Applied microscopy Vol.39 No.3

이 실험은 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후 BCG를 투여하였을 때, 위점막 상피세포의 형태학적 변화와 DNA합성능의 변화를 연구하고자 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 25 g 내외의 성숙한 생쥐(ICR계통)를 정상대조군, 종양세포이식대조군(종양대조군), 종양세포이식후 BCG투여군(BCG투여군)으로 구분하였다. 종양대조군과 BCG투여군 동물들은 샅부위 피하에 각각 $1{\times}10^7$의 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후, 다음날부터 BCG ($0.6{\times}10^8{\sim}6.4{\times}10^8$ CFU, 27 mg/vial, Connaught Lab., Canada)를 하루건너 한 번씩 피부밑조직에 주사하였으며, 종양대조군은 종양세포이식 후에 BCG 대신 0.2mL의 생리식염수를 피부밑조직에 주사하였다. 자기방사법적 관찰을 위해서는 BCG를 마지막으로 주사한 다음날 $^3H$-thymidine (methyl-$^3H$-thymidine: specific activity 25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) 0.7${\mu}Ci/gm$를 꼬리정맥에 주사하고, 70분 후 도살하여 위조직을 떼어내어 10% formalin에 고정하였다. 자기방사표본관찰은 위점막 조직이 세로로 잘 절단된 부위를 택하여 점막근육판을 따라 점막길이 3.5mm의 위점막 조직에 분포하는 $^3H$-thymidine 표지세포의 수를 계수하였으며, 일반조직 관찰을 위해서는 hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)염색을 시행하였다. 전자현미경 관찰을 위해서는 떼어낸 위조직을 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde 혼합액에 고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide 액에 다시 고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite 혼합액에 포매하였다. 광학현미경적 관찰에서 종양대조군과 BCG투여군은 위점막 조직에서 형태적으로 큰 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 전자현미경적 관찰에서 BCG투여군의 점액상피세포는 전체적인 모습이 정상대조군과 종양대조군의 소견과 유사하였으나 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비해 수초구조와 뭇소포체(multivesicular body) 및 전자밀도가 높은 큰 미토콘드리아속과립이 자주 관찰되었다. 자기방사법적 관찰에서 정상대조군, 종양대조군, BCG투여군은 점막길이 3.5 mm 당 출현하는 표지세포수가 각각 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) 및 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$)개이었으며, BCG투여군은 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비하여 표지된 은입자의 수가 매우 적어서 표지과립이 겨우 구별될 정도의 세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 동물에 BCG를 반복 투여하면 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성을 효과적으로 억제하면서도 형태적인 변화가 매우 경미하였으며, 이러한 결과는 BCG가 항암치료 시 보조제로 사용할 수 있는 좋은 약제라고 생각된다. This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric epithelial cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG. Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups (tumor control group and BCG-treated group). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with $1{\times}10^7$ Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline or BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8{\sim}0.32{\times}10^8$ CFU) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the 7th injection of saline or BCG, each mouse was injected with a single dose of 0.7 ${\mu}Ci/g$ of methyl-$^3H$-thymidine (25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) through tail vein. Seventy minutes after the thymidine injection, animals were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were taken and fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Deparaffinized sections were coated with autoradiographic emulsion EM-1 (Amersham Lab., England) in a dark room. The number of labeled epithelial cells in the gastric mucosae (mean number of labeled epithelial cells per 3.5 mm length of mucosa) were observed and calculated. And for electron microscopic observation, gastric tissues were prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution. On the light microscopic study, gastric mucosae had no morphological changes following the injection of BCG. On the electron microscopic study, in the BCG-treated mice, myelin figures and multivesicular bodies within the gastric epithelial cells were observed more frequently than in those of the normal control ones. On the autoradiographic study, number of the labeled cells of normal control, tumor control and BCG-treated mice were 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) and 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$), respectively. In the BCG-treated mice, poorly-labeled cells containing only a few silver grains of 3H-thymidine were observed more frequently as compared in those of the normal control and tumor control ones. From the above results, BCG may suppress the DNA synthesis of the gastric epithelial cells, but does not results severe fine structural defect on the gastric epithelial cells. These results suggest that BCG is expected as one of the effective supplemental anticancer drugs.

노화에 따른 마우스 망막의 바닥복합층과 색소상피세포의 미세구조 변화

고정식,박병록,안의태,박경호,김진국,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Park, Byung-Lok,Ahn, E-Tay,Park, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Jin-Gook 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.4

To study the age-related morphological differences of the retinal pigment cells and Bruch's membrane of mouse, retinae of one week-old, five weeks-old, eight weeks-old, six months-old, twelve months-old, eighteen months-old, twenty-four months-old and thirty months-old ICR mice were dissected out under anesthesia. Pieces of the tissue taken from the posterior region of the retina were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and 1% osmium tetroxide (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and were observed under a JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. Observed results were as follows: 1. Retinae of one week old mouse exhibit that some parts of the pigment cell provided with basal foldings, whereas other parts of the one contain without basal foldings. After (ive weeks-old, all retinal pigment cells have the basal infoldings. 2. In the one week-old, stage 1 and stage 2 melanosomes were observed in the retinal pigments cells, but after five weeks-old, most of the retinal pigment cells contain some matured stage melanosomes (stage III and stage IV). 3. The phagosomes in the retinal pigment cells were increased during aging. 4. After eighteen months-old, electron dense materials are observed within the basal infoldings. 5. After eighteen months-old, the thickness of the Bruch's membrane is prominently increased. The thickness of the basal laminae of the pigment cell and the choriocapillary endothelium is more prominently increased as compared with that of the other components of the Bruch's membrane. 6. The thickness of the basal lamina of the pigment cell is more prominently increased as compared with that of the choriocapillary endothelium on aging. From the above results, it was suggested that the pigment cell and Bruch's membrane matures structurally In five weeks, and the function of the pigment cell is prominently suppressed around eighteen months-old, and thereafter the functional suppression is continued on aging.

5-Fluorouracil 및 Mitomycin이 가슴샘의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

고정식,안의태,박경호,박동분,경홍기,한영복,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Ahn, E-Tay,Park, Kyung-Ho,Park, Dong-Boon,Kyung, Hong-Kee,Han, Young-Bok 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.1

The experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the thymus of the mice, to antitumour agents (5-Fluorouracil or mitomycin C). Healthy adult mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups. 5-Fluorouracil (60 mg/kg) or Mitomycin-C $(400{\mu}g/kg)$ were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day. Animals were sacrificed at 4 days and 7 days following the first injection. Pieces of the tissue taken from the thymus were prefixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde-l.5% glutaraldehyde, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide. Ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with a JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The observed results were as follow: 1. Apoptoses of T-lymphocytes were observed more frequently in the thymus of the experimental groups than in those of a normal group. 2. In the experimental group, the plasma cells with distended cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the eosinophile leukocytes were observed frequently. 3. In the experimental group, newly forming Hassall's corpurscles were observed frequently. 4. In the mitomycin-treated group, the epithelial reticular cells containing distended perinuclear cisternae, distended the granular endoplasmic reticula and pyknotic nuclei were observed in the cortico-medullary junctional area. 5. In the mitomycin-treated group, nuclear bodies with medium electron dense materials were often observed in the T lymphocyte. 6. In the 5-fluorouracil-treated groups, fused and dissolved tonofilament bundles and apoptotic bodies were observed in the some epithelial reticular cells in the medullary area. 7. In the 5-fluorouracil-treated groups, some elongated and bar-shaped lysosomes with electron lucent gap were often observed in the macrophages. 8. In the 5-fluorouracil-treated group, membrane complex of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were ofen observed in the macrophage. From the above results, it was suggested that 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin could induce rapid involution of the thymus, and disturb maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, and, in turn, supress immunity.

기술경쟁, 기술협력 그리고 APEC 테크노마트

고정식,Go, Jeong-Sik 한국전자정보통신산업진흥회 1995 電子振興 Vol.15 No.4

기획특집- 석유산업의 환경변화와 지속발전 전략 | 석유산업에 바란다

고정식,Go, Jeong-Sik 대한석유협회 2006 석유와 에너지 Vol.2006 No.9