Effect of low processing rate on homogeneous microstructural evolution of polyacrylonitrile‑based carbon fibers

Doo‑Won Kim,Dae Ho Kim,Sung Ryong Kim,Bo‑Hye Kim,Yun Hyuk Bang,Duck Joo Yang,Go Bong Choi,Yoong Ahm Kim,Kap Seung Yang 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

This study demonstrates that low processing rate for producing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber is a critical to obtain a homogeneous radial microstructure with high resistance to oxidation, thereby resulting in their improved mechanical strength. The dry-jet wet spun PAN organic fibers were processed (e.g., stabilized and then carbonized) utilizing two different rates; one is 1.6 times longer than the other. The effect of processing rate on the microstructural evolutions of carbon fibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy after slow etching in air, as well as Raman mapping after graphitization. The rapidly processed fiber exhibited the multilayered radial structure, which is caused by the radial direction stretching of the extrusion in the spinning. In case of the slowly processed fiber, the layered radial structure formed in the spinning process was changed into a more homogeneous radial microstructure. The slowly processed fibers showed higher oxidation resistance, higher mechanical properties, and higher crystallinity than the rapidly processed one. Raman mapping confirmed that the microstructure developed during spinning was sustained even though fiber was thermally treated up to 2800 °C.

경식도 심초음파도의 Direct Planimetry를 이용하여 측정한 대동맥판 면적의 심박출량 및 좌심실 구출율의 변화에 따른 정확도

진승원,김종진,김희열,박지원,전두수,윤호중,박준철,노태호,채장성,김재형,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

HPLC-ICP/MS 와 ICP/MS를 이용한 FAPAS 07187 쌀의 총비소, 무기비소, 카드뮴 측정

노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim12 ),김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),박기문 ( Ki Moon Park ),류지혁 ( Ji Hyock Yoo ),김두호 ( Doo Ho Kim ),이영자 ( Y 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

Metal (loid)s such as environmental contaminants affect food safety. Metal (loid)s exist trace extremely in agriculture products. Therefore it is important to analyze accurately about trace these metals. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. So ISO(International Organization for Standardization) of laboratory proficiency testing is determination of laboratory testing performance by means of inter-laboratory comparison. The values have been derived as a consensus of a number of laboratories using a variety of methods. Proficiency tests were applied to analyze the metal(loid)s [inorganic arsenic (As), total As and cadmium (Cd)] in powdered rice FAPAS 07187 (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme; February-April 2013). The rice powder sample was extracted with 1% HNO3 for inorganic As for microwave-assisted extraction using water at 95℃ for 90 min and their analysis by HPLC/ICPMS. Also, HNO3 for total As and Cd using microwave-assisted extraction using at 200℃ for 50 mins and analysis by ICP/MS. Validation check was performed for accuracy using CRM (NMIJ CRM 7503-a) for inorganic As, and CRM (IRMM-Rice CRM) for total arsenic and cadmium. The result were satisfactory. FAPAS 07187 the z-scores of inorganic As, total As and Cd in powdered rice were-1.8,-0.9 and 0.2(lzl<2, respectively).

제7차 교육과정 고등학교 생물Ⅱ 교과서 내용 분석

김영원,문두호 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 2004 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.31 No.-

This study was carried out with contents of high school textbook on Biology Ⅱ published by a revision of the 7th Educational Curriculum. As results, the following conclusion were obtained. 1. When analyzed the chapters on Biology Science education Ⅱ in the 6th Curriculum and the 7th Curriculum, some chapters were moved into Biology Science education Ⅰ and the amount of learning was reduced. 2. When analyzed the contents of learning activities on Biology Science education Ⅱ in the 7th Curriculum, 7 textbooks out of 8 kinds of books consisted of 5 chapters. The textbook named 'D' consisted of 6 chapters. The average percent of the contents on biology chapters by respectively analyzing 8 kinds of textbooks were I 'The characteristics of Cell' is 14.5%, Ⅱ 'Metabolism' 15.5%, Ⅲ 'Life Continuity' 26.5%, Ⅳ'Diversity of Living Things and Environment' 32.6%, and Ⅴ 'Biology and the Future of Human' 10.9%. Chapter Ⅳ Diversity of Living Things and Environment was the most used contents. 3. Analyzing the contents on biology chapters in 8 kinds of textbooks on Biology Science education Ⅱ in the 7th Curriculum, most of textbooks gave students more reading materials including the contents which made students interested in the biology and dealt with the contents on Biology science involved with the real life problem. 4. Analyzing the inquiry activities on biology chapters in 8 kinds of textbooks on Biology Science education Ⅱ in the 7th Curriculum, the average number of inquiry activities increased into 70.5 in 7th curriculum, from 47.8 in 6th. Comparing 8 textbooks on what kind of methods were used in inquiry activities, the ratio of experiment activities was 19.1% and other inquiries activities (observation, material interpretation, discussion, guessing, expectation, classification and so on) 80.9%. 5. When analyzing the number of the picture and painting as the important materials, more colorful materials increased from 262.8 in the 6th to 321.6 in the 7th curriculum. The chapter which mostly used picture and painting by respectively analyzing chapters was chapter ⅣDiversity of Living Things and Environment, which helped students understand the contents more easily. 6. In diagnosis evaluation, the textbook B, C, E, F, G, and H were respectively constituted the tests named 'opening the mind', 'checking the main point', 'checking', 'Self-diagnosis', 'preparing the learning', and 'previously learning the main point', which made teachers find out the degree of students function, knowledge and attitude. In introduction activities, the textbook D, E, G, and H constituted the activity named 'entering', 'the activity named thinking', and 'the introduction activity' which made students interested, concentrated on the biology class and actively join the learning. In the formative test of 8 textbooks, most of them gave students open questions, not objectively closed questions, which made students more creative and wise. In the chapter test, more evident goal in the 7th curriculum was constituted, not the simple test in the 6th. The textbook A and D presented the internet address and site involved with the chapters, the textbook G gave students question & answer of the learning contents which students could surf on the internet, and the textbook B, E, and F got students to acquire various scientific information about the concept and words on biology.

역량기반의 건축설계 학습모델 개발에 관한 연구

金億,徐枓源 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2004 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This study aims at the development of a competency based learning model for architectural education. The goal of architectural is not clearly defined, and thus the achievement of students' learning can hardly be measured and managed by the professors. For this study the knowledge structure is described and categorized into the curriculum of 5 year education system after the learning goal has been established under the recently proclaimed knowledge based societal environment. The outcome of this study will suggest a model that enhances the competence of students with knowledge and skills, increases the efficacy and efficiency of education with clear teaching manuals, and makes possible the systematic approach for education instead of relying on professors' teaching abilities.

시방 정보 작성과 검색 시스템 개발에 관한 연구

金億,徐枓源,金宰絃 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 2002 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

Drawings and construction specifications are important documents for project contracts and engineering. However, these documents are not utilized to a full extent because they are not integrated for cross reference. An integrated model was developed for this purpose, and a construction specification management system based on this model was implemented using database and internet technologies. Outcomes of this study is as follows; the system 1) helps diminish conflicts between documents, 2) improves precision of specification information, thus increases productivity in the industry, and 3) provides a powerful tool that can create and manage specification information.

이동환경에서 RFID 단말 시스템의 설계 및 구현

김태환,홍원기,이용두 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 情報通信硏究 Vol.3 No.2

RFID는 태그와 리더간 전자기 유도를 통해 객체를 식별하는 무선 통신 기술이다. 이는 객체를 식별하기 위한 인식 거리나 위치 등에 있어서 바코드에 비해 매우 자유로우며 동시에 여러 객체를 인식 할 수 있기 때문에 향후 물류, 유통 산업에서 높은 기술적 가치를 갖는다. 일반적으로, 리더기를 통해 식별된 객체에 대한 상세한 정보를 얻어내기 위해 PML 서버로부터 해당하는 정보를 검색, 추출하기 위한 과정이 요구된다. 그러나 이것은 많은 연산과 서버와의 통신을 요구하기 때문에 자원 제한적인 리더기에는 상당한 부담이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 제한적인 하드웨어 자원을 가진 리더기에서 PML 문서 검색, 추출을 위한 부하를 줄이기 위한 시스템을 제안한다. RFID (Radio Frequency IDdentification) is a wireless communication technology that identifies an object containing a tag through electromagnetic induction. Because it is not restricted in its position or the read range as much as the bar code technology which requires a line-of-sight to identify an object but also able to read several tags at the same time, it is considered to be one of the promising technologies used in the distribution industry in the future. Generally, a process of retrieving and acquiring a corresponding data should be needed to get a detail information about an object identified by a RFID reader. However, it gives a heavy burden on the resource-restricted reader because it requires significant computation and communication tasks. This paper proposes a 글로벌 RFID system that efficiently decreases the computation load to retrieve an acquire a PML document for the resource-restricted reader.

FPD(Flat Panel Display) 스토커 GUI 개발

김성원,백두산,김석동,김우성 호서대학교반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2000 반도체 장비기술 논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

FPD Stocker System은 LCD를 포함한 평판 디스플레이 소자(FPD : Flat Panel Display)의 자동 자재 저장 반출 장치(FPD Automated Storage and Retriecal System)이다. FPD Stocker System은 그 특성상 생산라인의 구조에 따라 보유 디바이스와 디바이스의 설정이 다양해지는 특성이 있다. 본 논문은 FPD Stoker System 에 사용될 Stocker GUI의 개발을 목적으로 한다.

안면골 골절에 관한 임상적 연구

김현수,이상한,장현중,백상흠,차두원 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.1

To investigate epidermiologic trend in maxillofacial fractures, We retrospectively studied 934 patients with maxillofacial fractures between 1981∼1987 and 1995∼1999. The results were compared in the previous group (Group A, patients treated between 1981∼1987) with those in the recent group (Group B, 1995∼1999). Also, we studied 516 patient between 1995∼1999 for occupation, associated injuries, treatment and complications. The sex ratio of men to women decreased (5.6 : 1 in Group A vs. 3.5 : 1 in Group B), and the largest age group was 20 to 29 years. There was the highest incidence in September and Fall. The most frequent cause of maxillofacial fracture in both Group A and B was traffic accidents. The distribution of fracture site did not change appreciably, but the frequency of midfacial fracture increased. In the recent group, the largest occupational group was salaried men, and the largest associated injuries of maxillofacial fracture was head and neck injury. Open reduction was used in 91% of the cases, and post-operation complications were infection, neurologic problem, malocclusion, and mouth opening limitation etc. Our results suggest that the clinical features of patients with maxillofacial fractures have changed during the past decade.