Rheology of Decamethylceclopentasiloxane (cyclomethicone) W/O Emulsion System

Choi, Min-Hyung,Jeong, So-Ra,Nam, Sang-In,Shim, Sang-Eun,Chang, Yoon-Ho The Polymer Society of Korea 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.12

A highly dispersed W/O emulsion of silicone oil (cyclomethicone)/water system was prepared with a nonionic surfactant. The surface and interfacial tension between the oil and water were characterized in terms of the droplet size distribution and viscosity change of the emulsion. When the dispersed phase concentration was relatively high, the viscosity of the emulsion was rapidly increased and the droplet size of the emulsion was decreased. The rheological behavior of the emulsion system showed non-Newtonian and shear thinning phenomena depending upon the content of the dispersed phase. The droplet size of the emulsion was decreased with increasing surfactant content and water concentration. The relative viscosity of the emulsion was better predicted with the Choi-Schowalter model than with the Taylor model. The value of the complex modulus increased with increasing surfactant concentration. The linear viscoelastic region was expanded with a dispersed phase concentration. According to the change in the viscosity, the behavior was classified into three distinct regions: [I] linear viscoelastic, [II] partially viscoelastic, and [III] viscous. The creep/recovery behaviors in each region were characterized.

A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

간호대학생의 영적안녕에 관한 연구

강은실(Kang Eun-Sil),김숙자(Kim Sook-Ja),강성년(Kang Sung-Nyun),최성은(Choi Sung-Eun) 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2008 전인간호과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to describe the spiritual well-being of nursing students to provide a basic data for the development the curriculum of Spiritual Nursing Care in nursing collages. The subjects for this study were consist of 58 nursing students in K University of Pusan city in Korea. All of them were educated about Spiritual Nursing Care for 100 minutes in a week, during totally 8 weeks in one semester. The data were collected during 7days from July 11 to July 18,2004 by using structured questionnaire method. The measurement of the spiritual well-being was performed with 6 points-index which is composed of 21 items and is modified by Sang-Soon Choi(1990)from Palau tzian & Ellison(1983) s. Its high score means that the degree of spiritual well-being of the subject is high. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 10.1 program according to the purpose of this study. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed by calculating the real quantity and the percentage, and the spiritual well-being scores were identified through calculating the mean value of individual domain. The significant difference of the general characteristics with the spiritual well-being was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA, Scheffe s test. The results of this study were as follow; 1.The spiritual well-being of the subjects The average value for the spiritual well-being of the subjects was 97.78(SD=±10.53) among the possible ranges of 21-126. The mean value of all items was 4.66(SD=±0.502) and high relatively. 2. The spiritual well-being according to general characteristics of subjects The analysis of the spiritual well-being according to general characteristics of the subjects showed statistically significant difference on the degree of life satisfaction in faith(F=4.327, P= .004),the degree of recognition about God s initiation in their daily life(F=3.933, P= .013),the degree of satisfaction about Nursing as their major(F=6.608, P= .000), their assurance of salvation(t=4.557,P= .037). among the personal religious actions, praising(F=3.32,p= .017), The group of nursing students responded that they were satisfied in their faith life, always God has the initiative in their daily lives personally, they were satisfied about Nursing as their major very much, and they have their assurance of salvation showed the highest degree of the spiritual well-being than any other group. In conclusion, in this study we observed that the spiritual well-being of nursing students was high relatively. The general characteristics of subjects were related to the spiritual well-being of them were the degree of satisfaction in their faith lives,their recognition about God s initiation in their daily life, their satisfaction about Nursing as their major, among the personal religious actions, regular praising and their assurance of salvation. Therefore this study s results can be used for developing a spiritual nursing education and program to strengthen nursing student s spirituality to practice in spiritual nursing care.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

신생아 말초혈액 T 림프구의 아형 분석

최두영,김종덕,장선일,이신은,조성경,정헌택 최신의학사 1990 最新醫學 Vol.33 No.12

건축공간내 길찾기(Wayfinding)를 고려한 디자인 인자분석에 관한 연구

최상헌,조은경 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 1998 環境科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

This study attempts to propose the guideline as design elements and applications for wayfinding in large general hospitals for the purpose of making them comfortable environmental space. Wayfinding at large complex hospital construction is made up as a order of plan configuration , physical shape element and sign system. And it seems that three elements are essential interdependent design element for wayfinding.

UV 센서를 위한 Spiroxazine LB 단분자막 특성에 대한 연구

최성욱,박은진,장지훈,김재호,강신원 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

저체중 또는 과체중 청소년에서 캠프 프로그램을 이용한 영양 교육효과에 관한 연구

성미경,승정자,류화춘,박재년,박동연,최미경,조경옥,최선혜,이윤신,김유경,이은주 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exercise habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education.

p-형 Si(100) 기판 위에 성장시킨 Bi_(3.25)La_(0.75)Ti₃O_(12) (BLT) 박막의 전기적 특성

최은경,박문흠,김현주,하태곤,강민주,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Bi₃zsLa(0.75)Ti₃0_(12) (BLT) thin film have been grown on p-type Si(l00) substrates by a sol-gel spin coating process. The structure and surface morphology of the film were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEMI. Furthermore, the electrical properties were examined by capacitance-voltage ( C-V) characteristics by using a LF Impedance Analyzer(HP 4192A). XRD measurement show layered perovskite structure with a single phase in BLT thin film annealed at 700C for 30 min in oxygen. The measured grain size of BLT on Si is about 0.04 - 0.1 pn. From the cross-sectional SEM image, BLT film thickness is measured to be 0.4 pm. The C-V characteristic hysteresis curves show that the NIFS (metal-fexroelectric-semiconductor) structure has memory effect. The memory window decreases, with increasing frequency at MFS structure. And it is found that the memory window increases as the applied voltage to the ferroelectric capacitor is increased. These phenomena may be due to polarization reversals of the BLT ferroelectric film and because of the charge injection from Si substrate into the ferroelectric thin film. The results obtained indicate that the present BLT films are suitable for making ferroelectric field effect transistor(FeFET) memory.