A Brief Outline of Sociolinguistics and Its Implications to TEFL

崔恩卿 德成女子大學校 1980 德成女大論文集 Vol.9 No.-

1951년 미국 언어학회에서 Einer Haugen이 처음 사용한 것으로 알려진 '사회언어학'이란 용어는 이제 낯설은 용어에서 탈바꿈하여 언어학의 한 분야로 정립되어 가는 과정에 있다. 언어를 사회현상의 하나로서 체계적으로 연구해 보려는 노력은 새로운 것이 아니다. 프랑스의 Antoine Meillet는 언어와 사회문화적인 여건을 관련시켜 사회언어학 이론의 선구적 역할을 하였고 사회심리학자인 George H. Mead는 사회 상호작용속의 언어의 중요성을 강조하였다. 구조주의와 변형생성 문법에 반기를 들고 나온 사회언어학자들은 다른 사회집단, 다양한 사회적 상황에서 쓰이는 언어의 변이형, 분포연구에 관심을 갖게된 것이다. 사회언어학은 영어교육자의 관심을 차츰 기계적인 행위로서의 언어연구로부터 사회문화적 의미의 언어학적 표현으로서의 연구로 전환시키는데 성공했다. 영어교육자는 사회적으로 용납되는 언어의 문법을 알 필요가 있다. 사회언어학적 언어지식은 무한한 수의 특이한 문장을 만들어 내고 또한 다른 인간과 의사소통을 하는데 중요한 문법지식 만큼이나 중요하다. 실상 언어의 적절한 사용은 그것의 사회적 문화적 배경을 반영하며 동시에 사회문화적 목적을 전달한다. 모국인에게 있어서도 사회언어학적 능력 습득과정은 언제나 점진적일 수밖에 없다. 그런데 모국어의 사회언어학적 능력은 외국어의 사회언어학적 법칙을 사용하고 해석하는 데 밑바탕이 되기도 한다. 단지 익숙하지 못한 부분의 것을 상황, 대상, 대에 따라 적절하게 사용하도록 가르치는 것이 필요할 것이다. 교실에서 사용할 수 있는 언어수행능력 증진방법으로 사회적 언어의 규약, 대화, 문제해결 위주의 활동, 모의연습, 외국인과의 접촉을 통한 언어활동 등이 제시되고 있다. 사회언어학적 이해가 고려된 자료가 더욱 더 개발되고 교수와 학생 쌍방이 언어의 사회언어학적 양상을 제대로 알게 될 때 영어교육은 더 재미있고 효과적이며 산 결실을 맺게 될 것이다. 사회언어학이 태동되기까지의 역사적인 배경, 즉 언어학과 인류학, 언어학과 사회과학 등 타분야와의 관계 제시 및 사회언어학의 기본개념 소개는 본 논문의 앞 부분에 실려있다.

p-형 Si(100) 기판 위에 성장시킨 Bi_(3.25)La_(0.75)Ti₃O_(12) (BLT) 박막의 전기적 특성

최은경,박문흠,김현주,하태곤,강민주,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Bi₃zsLa(0.75)Ti₃0_(12) (BLT) thin film have been grown on p-type Si(l00) substrates by a sol-gel spin coating process. The structure and surface morphology of the film were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEMI. Furthermore, the electrical properties were examined by capacitance-voltage ( C-V) characteristics by using a LF Impedance Analyzer(HP 4192A). XRD measurement show layered perovskite structure with a single phase in BLT thin film annealed at 700C for 30 min in oxygen. The measured grain size of BLT on Si is about 0.04 - 0.1 pn. From the cross-sectional SEM image, BLT film thickness is measured to be 0.4 pm. The C-V characteristic hysteresis curves show that the NIFS (metal-fexroelectric-semiconductor) structure has memory effect. The memory window decreases, with increasing frequency at MFS structure. And it is found that the memory window increases as the applied voltage to the ferroelectric capacitor is increased. These phenomena may be due to polarization reversals of the BLT ferroelectric film and because of the charge injection from Si substrate into the ferroelectric thin film. The results obtained indicate that the present BLT films are suitable for making ferroelectric field effect transistor(FeFET) memory.

Review of the Registration in the Clinical Research Information Service

최은경,김미정,임남규,박현영 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.1

Clinical research registration is required in many countries to improve transparency of clinical research and to ensure subject safety. Developed in February 2010, the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) is an online registration system for clinical studies in Korea and one of the primary registries of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The present analysis investigated the characteristics of studies registered in the CRIS between February 2010 and December 2014. Data for the analysis were extracted from the CRIS database. As of December 31, 2014, 1,323 clinical studies were registered. Of these, 938 (70.9%) were interventional studies and 385 (29.1%) were observational studies. A total of 248 (18.7%) studies were funded by government sources, 1,051 (79.4%) by non-government sources, and 24 (1.8%) by both. The most frequently studied disease category based on the ICD-10 classification was the digestive system (13.1%), followed by the nervous system (9.4%) and musculoskeletal system (9.1%). Only 17.8% of the studies were registered prior to enrollment of the first subject. Comparing the number of registered or approved clinical studies between the CRIS, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and ClinicalTrials.gov suggests that a considerable number of clinical studies are not registered with the CRIS; therefore, we would suggest that such registration should be the mandatory legal requirement.

식도암의 방사선치료

최은경,박찬일 한국의학사 1986 診斷과治療 Vol.6 No.2

American Indian 文學에 관한 노우트 : Quetzalcoatl, the Ritual of Condolence, the Night Chant를 중심으로

崔恩卿 한국영어영문학회 1975 영어 영문학 Vol.55 No.-

미국 현대 전쟁소설의 원형연구

崔恩卿 한국영어영문학회 1982 영어 영문학 Vol.28 No.2

The Severity of Sleep Disordered Breathing Induces Different Decrease in the Oxygen Saturation During Rapid Eye Movement and Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

최은경,박두흠,유재학,유승호,하지현 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.6

ObjectiveaaTo investigate how differences in oxygen saturation between non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep in patients according to the severity of sleep apnea. MethodsaaWe studied 396 male patients diagnosed with simple snoring or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on nocturnal polysomnography. Patients were divided into groups by the OSAS severity. We compared the average oxygen saturation between REM and NREM sleep in each group. ResultsaaIn the simple snoring group, average oxygen saturation was significantly greater during REM than during NREM sleep. In the severe OSA group alone, average oxygen saturation was greater in NREM than in REM sleep. The difference of NREM-REM average oxygen saturation correlated significantly with AHI in the severe OSA group. ConclusionaaMore severe hypoxemia was seen in REM than NREM sleep in the severe OSAS group. The differential oxygen decrease between REM and NREM sleep is likely due to the differentially occurring sleep breathing events in each sleep stage according to the SDB severity. The more AHI increases in the severe OSAS patients, the more prominent the hypoxemia of REM sleep compared with NREM sleep is likely to appear. This suggests that the pressure of continuous positive airway pressure should be increased to control the hypoxemia of REM sleep in extremely severe OSAS.

Image Registration and Fusion of Anatomical and Functional Imaging -The New Horizon : Therapeutic Aspect ; New Radiotherapy Techniques : Image Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy

최은경 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.2

계시문학으로서의 Invisible Man

최은경 德成女子大學校 1995 德成女大論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Since the publication of Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison's only novel, various interpretations, opposing sentiments and reactions have existed. The novel begins and ends in a small underground room. It is there that the unnamed narrator is arranging his memories, structuring hs experiences, and creating his life. However, Ellison's apocalypse is a pessimistic one: it ends in destruction which leads not to regeneration but to degeneration. The Invisible Man is left with his 1,369 light bulbs, but they are no substitute for the reality, and he knows it. When the novel ends, we realize that its overall cyclic structure is not an upward spiral, but a vicious circle.

주개 이온을 첨가한 강유전체 Bi₄Ti₃O_12(BIT) 박막의 특성

최은경,박문흠,김두회,구영건,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Bismuth layered structure ferroelectric thin films, BIT and donor (V, Nb and W) doped BIT, were prepared on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol-gel method. BIT film was characterized by strong c-axis prepared orientation. In the case of donor doped BIT thin films, the degree of c-axis prepared orientation decreased systematically V-BIT→W-BIT→Nb-BIT and Nb-BIT film was shown random orientation. Surface morphologies of BIT and V-BIT films had a plate-like and Nb-BIT and W-BIT had a mixture of plate-like and rod-like. In the results of ferroelectric hysteresis loops, the remanent polarization (2Pr) of random-oriented Nb-BIT capacitor was 26 μC/cm2, and this value was over two times higher than that of 12 μC/cm2 for BIT capacitor. The polarization fatigue up to 4.5×1010 read/write switching cycles of W-BIT capacitor was shown superior to the other capacitors. The polarization of the W-BIT capacitor decreased only 10% of the initial value after 4.5×1010 switching cycles.