韓國民譚에 나타난 숫자개념 : '三'을 中心으로

최은경 이화여자대학교 1985 韓國語文學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

1970~1990년대 한국 유전자 산전진단기술 도입 — 성 감별에서 기형아 공포로

최은경 한국사회사학회 2022 사회와 역사 Vol.- No.135

This study explores the introduction of genetic prenatal diagnostic technology from the 1970s to the 1990s. It focuses on the ideas and practices of doctors, especially pediatricians and gynecologists, and the opinions of population health experts regarding the technology. It also considers the technology’s social repercussions. With the emergence of cytogenetics in the 1960s, several South Korean doctors attempted amniocentesis for sex determination before childbirth, despite safety problems. From the mid-1970s a few gynecologists who trained in prenatal tests abroad, including Ju Gap-soon and Yang Young-ho, led the adoption of prenatal diagnostic technology in South Korea. Early on the technology was adopted for sex determination, a use that became more popular with the growing availability of ultrasound devices. While promoting the technology for sex determination purposes, doctors also argued that Intellectual Disability, such as Down’s syndrome, could be prevented through prenatal diagnosis. It was important to avoid inheritance of intellectual disabilities from some disabled women in the past; however, after the introduction of prenatal diagnosis, all women at risk of bearing congenital disabilities could get tested. Population health experts worried that sex determination could cause an imbalance in sex ratios; however, they also welcomed prenatal tests to prevent birth defects. Meanwhile, with South Korea’s democratization in the 1990’s, concerns about nuclear power stations and environmental pollution began to be widely shared. This attracted attentions about congenital disabilities. From the 1970s to the 1990s, prenatal diagnosis technology was adopted widely in South Korea due to the demand for sex determination and the efforts of doctors and scientists to inform lay people about the risk of birth defects. Moreover, public fear of congenital disabilities also encouraged their adaptation. 본 연구는 유전자 산전진단기술의 1970년대~1990년대 도입 및 정착 과정을 다룬다. 유전자 산전진단기술 도입을 위한 의학자, 특히 소아과 및 산부인과 의사들의 시도와 담론, 인구보건학자들의 담론을 중심으로 다루되, 그 사회적 반향도 아울러 고찰한다. 1960년대 세포유전학이 새롭게 도입되면서 국내에서도 산전 성 감별의 한 방법으로 양수천자가 시도되었으나 안전성 측면으로 활용되기 어려웠다. 1970년대 중반 주갑순, 양영호 등 해외에서 산전 검사를 수련한 이들을 중심으로 산전진단기술이 본격적으로 실시되기 시작하였다. 초기 산전진단기술은 성 감별 목적으로 널리 활용되었으며 초음파 기기가 다량 보급되면서 산전진단술은 더욱 각광받았다. 의학자들은 성 감별 목적으로 산전진단기술이 활용될 수 있음을 알리는 한편, 다운증후군을 예로 한 지적장애 또한 산전진단술을 통해 미리 출산을 막을 수 있다고 주장하였다. 특히 과거에는 지적장애의 유전성이 관건이었다면, 산전진단술 도입 이후에는 다운증후군을 출산할 수 있는 고위험 정상인 여성의 태아를 미리 검사할 수 있다는 점이 주목받았다. 인구보건학자들은 산전진단기술을 통한 산전 성 감별은 성비 불균형을 초래할 위험이 있다고 보았지만 기형아를 낳을 수 있는 일부 고위험 여성들의 산전 검사는 환영하였다. 1990년대 민주화된 사회를 배경으로 제기된 핵 문제, 환경오염 문제 등도 기형아에 대한 대중적 공포가 자리잡는 데에 기여하였다. 1970년대~1990년대 산전진단기술이 크게 각광받고 보급될 수 있었던 데에는 성 감별 수요, 일반인의 기형아 출산 위험 각인을 위한 의학자들의 노력, 기형아에 대한 공포 등이 작용하였다.

일본근대여성문학에 나타난 ‘우의’로서의 ‘화장’- 다무라 도시코의 작품을 중심으로 -

최은경 동북아시아문화학회 2024 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.80

In this study, I analyzed how the make-up of female gender rules in modern Japan is metaphorized and allerized through the works of female writers. Among them, Toshiko and her works, which created their own writing style in a male-centered literary context, were used as specific texts. In addition, the status of female writers born in modern times and the subject of gender norms were identified. Akirame is frequently described mainly through Tsumako, a full-time housewife, and Kie, an apprentice geisha. Their desire for beauty is more focused on being aware of the other person (male) who evaluates their beauty rather than self-satisfaction. They are shaped as traditional and passive female figures. On the other hand, Atarashiionna (Tomie, Miwa, etc.), who received modern education and entered public society, emphasized their ability and beauty, so they emerged as independent female figures. On the other hand, the make-up of OnnaSakusha was something modern 'female writers' did like a military commander. In a male-centered culture, the femininity of makeup was accepted as a survival strategy. As such, ‘makeup’ in Toshiko's literature was recognized as one of the female rules in the modern patriarchal social culture. Toshiko rejected the ‘zoryu’ defined by men. And she referred to herself as a ‘onnnasakusya.’ She transformed the ‘femininity’ defined by men into ‘self-ness.’ In other words, she accepted the femininity represented by makeup as a strategic survival technique in a male-centered culture. It was also expressed as an allegorical device for the traditional female image. It also functions as a social persona to embellish femininity and survive as one's own gender.

일본근대문학에 나타난 ‘기호’의 소녀문화 ‒ 요시야 노부코 「다락방의 두 처녀」를 중심으로 ‒

최은경 한국일본근대학회 2017 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.58

In this paper, ‘S’, which appeared with a girl novel, was presumed to be a fashionable culture among girls at that time and studied the relationship of women in “Yaneurano nisyozyo”. From the Meiji era to the pre-war period, it was natural for a woman to have more than a friendship. The reason for this is that Japan has pursued nationalism since the Meiji Restoration. It is the explanation that Confucianism introduced the education of the male elderly as a result, and the boys and girls of adolescence will naturally find the object of love in the schoolyard. Ironically, the girls who acquired ‘self’ in modern education received solidarity with their own solidarity in modern space without men. The girl culture called ‘S’ is also the result of the environment of modern times and the request. Therefore, the role of ‘S’ as a culture of patriarchal male-centered society and compulsory heterosexuality can not but be admitted. The relationship between Akiko and Tamaki in the works is acknowledged as a special object and confirmed the mind. They promise to live a life together and leave the space of Geumnam and walk into the world. It is easy to imagine that their future is never smooth and that the relationship of ‘S’ may not be protected either. Nevertheless, the fact that this novel received overwhelming support from unmarried women has positively expressed their latent desires and selves, and it is because they are recognized. 본고에서는 소녀소설 등장과 함께 부각되어 온 ‘에스’를 당시의 소녀들 사이에서 유행한 문화의 형태로 전제하여 『다락방의 두 처녀』에 나타난 여성들의 연대를 추적하였다. 메이지시대부터 전전(戦前)에 이르기까지 여성이 여성에게 우정이상의 연모의 정을 갖는다는 것은 자연스런 일이었다. 그 원인은 일본이 메이지 유신이후 국쇄주의를 추진한 것에 있다는 것이다. 즉 유교를 도입한 국쇄주의는 남존여비의 교육을 강조한 결과 사춘기의 소년소녀들은 학교라는 울타리 속에서 자연스레 사랑의 대상을 찾게 된다는 설명이다. 아이러니하게도 근대교육을 받고서 ‘자아’를 획득한 소녀들은 금남의 근대공간에서 그들만의 연대를 형성하며 공고히 해 갔던 것이다. ‘에스’라는 소녀문화도 근대의 시대적 환경과 요청에 의해 생겨난 결과물인 것이다. 그러므로 가부장적 남성중심사회와 강제적 이성애의 대항문화로서 ‘에스’의 역할 또한 인정하지 않을 수 없는 것이다. 작품 속 아키코와 다마키의 관계는 서로 특별한 대상으로 인정하며 마음을 확인한 사이이다. 그들은 함께 인생을 살아갈 것을 약속하고 금남의 공간을 떠나 세상 속으로 걸어간다. 그런 그들의 앞날이 결코 순탄하지 못하며 ‘에스’라는 관계 역시 보호받지 못할 수도 있다는 것은 쉬이 짐작할 수 있다. 그럼에도 본 소설이 미혼 여성들에게 절대적 지지를 받았던 것은 그녀들의 잠재된 욕망과 자아를 적극적으로 표현해 왔고 그것이 인정되었기 때문일 것이다.

Methionine Enhances the Contractile Activity of Human Colon Circular Smooth Muscle In Vitro

최은경,Jung Sun Moon,박규주 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.7

Effective drug to manage constipation has been unsatisfactory. We sought to determine whether methionine has effect on the human colon. Human colon tissues were obtained from the specimens of colon resection. Microelectrode recording was performed and contractile activity of muscle strips and the propagation of the contractions in the colon segment were measured. At 10 μM, methionine depolarized the resting membrane potential (RMP) of circular muscle (CM) cells. In the CM strip, methionine increased the amplitude and area under the curve (AUC) of contractions. In the whole segment of colon,methionine increased the amplitude and AUC of the high amplitude contractions in the CM. These effects on contraction were maximal at 10 μM and were not observed in longitudinal muscles in both the strip and the colon segment. Methionine reversed the effects of pretreatment with sodium nitroprusside, tetrodotoxin and Nw-oxide-L-arginine,resulting in depolarization of the RMP, and increased amplitude and AUC of contractions in the muscle strip. Methionine treatment affected the wave pattern of the colon segment by evoking small sized amplitude contractions superimposed on preexisting wave patterns. Our results indicate that a compound mimicking methionine may provide prokinetic functions in the human colon.

한국어 교육을 위한 준말 종결어미에 대하여 - 종결어미와 종결어미의 통합형을 중심으로 -

최은경 국제한국언어문화학회 2011 한국언어문화학 Vol.8 No.1

Choi, Eun Kyung. 2011. A Study of Shortened Conclusive-Endings for Korean Language Education: Focused on Compound Forms of Double Conclusive-Endings. Journal of the International Network for Korean Language and Culture. Vol. 8-1. 205-230. This paper is a foundational research of Korean language education to speakers of other languages, which searches for an efficient way of teaching shortened conclusive-endings(SCE) by means such as analyzation of usage and meaning based on the definitions of major dictionaries. Making distinction between fused forms and contracted forms of SCE, and instructing the characteristics of the two forms is effective. The characteristics of SCE are as following. First, the fused form does not carry the meaning of quotation, thus the speaker can become the subject, and in case of the fused form with a third-person subject, it can be restored into its original form just like the contracted form. Second, the fused form is positioned after the prefinal-ending as a conclusive-ending. Third, if the sentence before ‘-eunda(ㄴ다)’ is the imperative, the interrogative or the propositive, i.e. ‘-euranda(으란다)’, ‘-eunyanda(으냔다)’, ‘-janda(잔다)’, they do function as not the fused form but the contracted form. Fourth, fused forms of SCE can represent different meanings depending on the intonation. (Dongguk University)

Las Voces Conflictivas entre los Discursos Masculinos y Femeninos en la Representación de la Mujer Moderna en la Poesía Modernista

최은경 한국라틴아메리카학회 2013 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.26 No.4

This work analyzes the representation of modern women in Latin American Modernist poems by male and female poets. The competing voices between male and female discourses in their representation of modern women is interpreted as cause and effect, in other words, as a reaction of male and female poets, triggered by socio-cultural changes linked to urbanization and the sexual emancipation of women in the modern era. With that in mind, it first analyzes the condemnation of modern women as vampires, chimeras, and/or morphine, by a male Latin American Modernist poet Julián del Casal. Next, this work examines the expression of sexual desire in Latin American Modernist poems by Delmira Agustini, who openly expresses her sexual desire and dares to call herself as vampire. Finally, the work examines the poems of María Eugenia Vaz Ferreira, who limitedly expresses her sexual desire,and those of Gabriela Mistral, who abstains from expressing it. Especially for the analysis of sexual desires expressed in the poems by Vaz Ferreira and Mistral, this work applies the psychoanalytic terms “condensation” and “displacement”.

한국어 교육을 위한 ‘듯’ 연구

최은경 국제한국언어문화학회 2013 한국언어문화학 Vol.10 No.1

이 연구는 한국어 교육에서 ‘듯’의 효과적인 교수 방안을 모색하기 위하여 외국어로서의 한국어 학습자에게 ‘듯’을 어떻게 제시해야 할지 그 방법을 찾아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 ‘듯’에 대한 선행 연구를 살펴보고 기존 주요 사전들의 ‘듯’의 뜻풀이를 분석한 후 ‘듯’의 의미를 문학작품 분석을 통해 확인하고, 한국어 교재에서 어떻게 제시되고 있는지 확인하였다. 사전들에서는 ‘듯’ 자체의 의미보다는 용례를 설명하는 식으로 복잡하게 기술하고 있었다. ‘듯’의 특성상 비유법의 하나인 직유표현으로 사용되는 예를 중심으로 ‘선행 서술과 [유사한 상태]를 갖는다.’는 ‘듯’의 기본의미로 ‘듯’이 사용된 실제 자료를 분석해 보았는데, 이러한 방법이 의미변별에 훨씬 더 경제적이고 수월함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 한국어 교육 현장에서 ‘듯’이 포함된 문법 항목을 어떻게 제시하고 있는지 살펴보기 위하여 주요 통합교재를 분석하였다. ‘듯이’는 ‘듯’에 [상태 유지]의 ‘-이’가 결합한 것으로 보았다. ‘듯’을 교수할 때 ‘듯’의 기본의미를 제시하고 통합된 것의 의미를 포함하여 설명한 후 이것을 예문을 통해 그 의미를 확인해 주는 것이 효과적일 것이다. The aim of this paper is to seek for the effective method of us teaching ‘deut(듯)’ to foreign Korean language learners by analyzing the various definitions and usages of ‘deut’. To this end, first of all, preliminary researches on ‘deut’ were reviewed, followed by the analyzation of definitions of ‘deut’ found in existing major Korean dictionaries. In the dictionaries the different usages of ‘duet’, rather than the intrinsic meaning itself, are being presented and in a quite excessively complicated way. And then, this paper, by focussing on the usage of ‘deut’ as a simile, looked into examples where ‘deut’ is used in its basic sense which, as Seo, Tae-Lyong defines, is an expression making an appositive in a static state meaning a similar condition to a precedent description. The examples were chosen from two Korean short novels, “Rain Shower” written by Hwang, Sun-won and “Frog in the Specimen Room” written by Yom, Sang-seop. As a result, it could be concluded that this method is far more economical and comprehensive in semantic discrimination. Also, analyzing Korean textbooks is made for examining how to present ‘deut’ in Korean language education. It is more valid to see ‘deusi(듯이)’ as a form where ending ‘i(이)’ is added to ‘deut. Therefore when introducing ‘deut’ to foreign Korean language learners, rather than presenting the existing complicated definitions, it would be much preferable to present the basic meaning and then confirm the meaning by using several examplary sentences.

의학교육에서 의사학의 자리를 찾아 (1) - 의료시스템과학 교육 도입을 비판하며

최은경 대한의사학회 2022 醫史學 Vol.31 No.3

포스터 발표 : 스포츠와 운동 ; 미끄러지기 싫어: 스피드스케이팅선수 경기력 방해요인의 시계열적 경향성

최은경,윤영길 한국스포츠심리학회 2010 한국스포츠심리학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.4