정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

뇌 동맥류를 동반한 Takayasu's Arteritis 1례 : 증례 보고 Case Report

이하우,홍순기,한용표,허철,김헌주 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.5

A Case of Takayasu's arteritis associated with intracranial aneurysm is described. We discussed the clinical features, radiologic findings of the case, and reviewed the literatures of this disease entity.

Mycophenolic Acid와 Rapamycin이 흰쥐 사구체 혈관간세포증식과 세포외기질 생성에 미치는 영향

김명수,박제현,하헌주,허규하,서지연,김유선,김혜진,박기일 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.14

Background: Excess proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation of mesenchymal cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and glomerular mesangial cells cause chronic allograft nephropathy showing transplant vascular sclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) and rapamycin (RPM) are well known as strong inhibitors of VSMC proliferation, but their effects on the glomerular mesangial cells are not yet clearly understood. This study examined the effects of MPA or RPM on PDGF-induced proliferation and ECM accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells. Methods: Mesangial cells isolated from the glomeruli of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured with DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum. Growth arrested and synchronized cells were administered with test drugs (MPA10 nM-10μM, RPM 0.1 nM-1μM) before the addition of PDGF 10 ng/mL. Cell proliferation was assessed by [³H]thymidine incorporation, collagen by [³H]proline incorporation, and fibronectin, ERK, and p38 MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results: PDGF increased mesangial cell proliferation by 4.64-fold. Compared to stimulated control, MPA above 500 nM and RPM above 10nM showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner. The IC_(50) of MPA and RPM against PDGF-induced mesangial cell proliferation were around 500 nM and 100 nM, respectively. The collagen synthesis was also inhibited by MPA and RPM, but the fibronectin secretion was inhibited by MPA alone. The proliferation of mesangial cell correlated with activation of ERK and. p38 MAPK. MPA, but not RPM, inhibited ERK and p38 MAPK activation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MPA and RPM significantly inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation and ECM production in rat glomerular mesangial cells. The inhibitory effects of MPA, but not RPM, are correlated with ERK and p38 MAPK.

Long-term postresection prognosis of primary neuroendocrine tumors of the liver

Jay Jung,Shin Hwang,Seung-Mo Hong,Ki-Hun Kim,Chul-Soo Ahn,Deok-Bog Moon,Tae-Yong Ha,Gi-Won Song,Yo-Han Park 대한외과학회 2019 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.97 No.4

Purpose: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor (PHNET) is a very rare neoplasm, requiring strict exclusion of metastasis from possible extrahepatic primary sites for its diagnosis. Methods: We reviewed our clinical experience of 13 patients with primary hepatic NET who underwent liver resection from January 1997 to December 2015. Results: The mean age of the 13 patients (8 males and 5 females) was 51.1 ± 12.8 years; the most common clinical manifestation was vague, nonspecific abdominal pain (n = 9). Of them, 11 patients underwent preoperative liver biopsy, 7 of which correctly diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Ten patients underwent R0 resection, and 3 underwent R1 resection. Diagnosis of PHNET was confirmed both immunohistochemically and by absence of extrahepatic primary sites. All tumors were single lesions, with a mean size of 9.6 ± 7.6 cm and a median size of 4.3 cm; all showed positive staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin. During a mean follow-up period of 95.1 ± 86.6 months, 7 patients died from tumor recurrence, whereas the other 6 remain alive to date, making the 5-year tumor recurrence rate 56.0% and the 5-year patient survival rate 61.5%. When confined to R0 resection, 5-year recurrence and survival rates were 42.9% and 70.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that Ki-67 proliferative index was the only risk factor for tumor recurrence. Conclusion: PHNET is a very rare tumor with no specific clinical features, and its final diagnosis depends primarily on pathology, immunohistochemistry, and exclusion of metastasis from other sites. Aggressive surgical treatment is highly recommended for PHNET because of acceptably favorable postresection outcomes

레이저와 2차원 배열의 광전검출기를 이용한 구조물의 변위측정 시스템의 개발에 관한 연구

강문필,이진이,김민수,김대정,최원하,강기훈,김종수,김훈 한국비파괴검사학회 2002 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.22 No.1

일반적으로 구조물은 외부의 정적 및 동적 하중과 외부환경으로 인하여 피로균열과 부식이 발생하며, 이것은 구조물의 변형을 유발하여 결국 파단으로 이어지기 때문에 균열과 부식의 검출 및 평가와 함께 구조물의 변형에 의한 진동, 변위 기울기와 같은 거동을 감시하는 것도 매우 중요하다. 이에 레이저 센서 시스템을 이용하여 이러한 거동을 측정하여 이상 유무를 모니터링할 수 있는 구조물 안전감시 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 시스템은 2차원으로 배열한 광전센서를 이용하여 구조물의 변형에 의해 유발된 광궤적의 변화를 감시하며 또한 데이터를 취득하고 신호처리 할 수 있는 운용 프로그램도 갖추고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개발한 안전 진단 시스템의 필드 적용에 앞서 실험실에서의 몇 가지 실험을 통하여 그 효용성을 검증하였다. A Safety Monitoring System using a laser and 2-D arrayed photo sensors is developed. To monitor of the deformation and small rotation of structure the developed optical system using 2-D photo sensor array was used to detect the variation of optical orbit of laser which was induced by deformation of the structure. Also, an operating program to manage the system and an algorithm for the data acquisition and the database are introduced. In this study, we demonstrated the capabilities of this system by laboratory experiments before applying the system to the field.

동충하초 급여 돈육의 물리적 및 관능적 품질특성

김일석,진상근,송영민,하경희,류현지,하지희,박기훈 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2005 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.18 No.-

90kg 전후의 3원 교잡종(LY × D) 돼지를 이용하여 처리구별로 각 10두씩 배치하여 출하전 30일간 비육후기 사료를 급여하여 시험하였고, 기본사료(C)에 누에동충하초를 0.01% 첨가한 것을 처리구(T)로 하였으며 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분(수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분), 가열감량, 보수성, 전단가, 콜레스테롤에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 육색의 밝기를 나타내는 L^(*)값에 있어서 육색과 지방색 모두 대조구가 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 전체 포화지방산 비율은 처리구에서 불포화지방산 비율은은 대조구에서 높은 경향을 나타내었고, 필수지방산의 함량은 처리구에서 다소 높았다(P>0.05). 대조구에 비해 처리구가 Proline을 제외한 모든 아미노산 구성 비율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 신선육 및 가열육에서 전반적인 기호도는 동일하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 향후 누에동충하초의 급여량과 급여방법 및 시기 등과 육질과의 상호관련성에 대해 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. This study was conducted to investigate the physical and sensory characteristics of the loin from pigs fed Peacilomyces Tenuipes. A total of 20 pigs average 90kg of live weight were assigned into 2 pens(10 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed finishig diets(C; basal feed) or finishing diets containing 0.01% Peacilomyces Tenuipes(T) from 30 days to market weight. The results obtained were as follows; In proximate analysis, there were no significantly difference among the samples of C and T in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash. Also, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force and cholesterol were not different(P>0.05). L^(*) value of meat and fat color in C were higher(P<0.05) than that of T. In fatty acids, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acids of pork loin from T was higher than that of C, while, unsaturated fatty acid of pork loin from C was slightly higher(P>0.05) than that of T. Amino acid compositions of T was lower(P<0.05) than that of C, except proline. The sensory score of fresh and cooked meat showed similarity. Further studied are needs on the relation between physico-chemical properties and feeding dietary Peacilomyces Tenuipes

韓國古典叢刊 奏議類 編纂 試論

하기훈(Ha, Ki-hun) 한국고전번역원 2020 民族文化 Vol.55 No.-

주의류 고전적은 일찍부터 연구의 대상이 되었다. 다만 주의류 고전적 전반을 검토한 연구는 거의 없었다. 본고에서는 한국고전번역원에서 종합한 서목을 바탕으로 주의류 분류의 역사를 검토하고 그 외연을 한정하였다. 이어서 한국 주의류 고전적의 현황과 특징을 살펴보고 한국고전총간 주의류 수록대상 고전적을 선정하는 방안을 검토하였다. 정치편 주의류 고전적은 국왕과 신하 사이에 이루어진 국정 운영에 관한 국왕과 신하의 의견 및 논의를 편찬한 고전적이다. 중국의 경우를 먼저 살펴보면 임금의 명령은 집부(集部), 사부(史部)로 분류되었고 신하의 상달 문자는 집부로 분류되었다. 주의류 고전적에 대한 이해가 심화되면서 두 부류의 문헌은 하나의 분류로 통합되어 국사(國事)를 논하는 사부(史部)로 편입되었다. 한국의 경우, 임금의 명령은 어제(御製) 또는 어정(御定)으로 분류되었고 신하의 상달 문자는 중국과 마찬가지로 주로 집부로 분류하였다. 근대 목록에 이르러서야 주의류 고전적을 위한 분류가 마련되었다. 주의류 고전적은 국가 운영에 관련한 논의를 목적으로 한 고전적을 포괄한다. 그 편찬 목적이 아름다운 문장을 정선하는 데에 있다면 그 고전적은 주의류에 포함할 수 없을 것이다. 정치편 주의류에 해당하는 한국 고전적은 주의의 비율이 높은 점, 주로 사본으로 유통되었다는 점 등을 특징으로 꼽을 수 있다. 한국고전총간 편찬대상의 선정은 저작 주체, 저작 역할, 저작 시기, 간사 시기, 판본 사항, 저작 분량, 전통서목 및 현대서목에 수록된 횟수에 근거한 인지도 등의 평가기준을 마련하여 등급을 매기고 결과를 합산하여 만들어진 자료를 바탕으로 이루어진다. 이와 같은 기준은 고전적 평가의 기초적 근거가 된다. 수량화된 평가 방식은 작업자의 주관적 판단을 제한하여 선정 작업의 객관성을 확보한다. 물론 이러한 방식이 충분한 것은 아니다. 특정 분류에 적합한 기준을 더 개발하여 검토 과정에서 추가하여 보완할 필요가 있다. 한국고전총간을 편찬할 때 학계와의 연계가 필수적이다. 편찬대상 선정의 기준과 방식에 대해 자문이 필요하기 때문이다. 본고에서 제안한 한국고전총간 주의류 편찬시론을 계기로 삼아 주의류 전반에 대한 연구가 활성화 되고 한국고전총간 편찬의 기초가 탄탄해지기를 기대한다. The classics of Juui-ryu(奏議類) have been the subject of study from an early age. However few studies have reviewed its overall contents. In this paper, we reviewed the history of classification of Juui-ryu and limited its extension based on the list colligated by the Institute of Translation of Korean Classics. Subsequently we examined the current status and features of Korean classics of Juui-ryu and discussed ways to select the target of 『the Comprehensive Publication of Korean Classics Collections in Classical Chinese』. The classics of Juui-ryu is the text about governmental discussion between the king and his ministers. In China, the books containing the Emperor’s words were classified into literature section(集部) or history section(史部). The books containing the ministers’ proposals were classified into literature section. When the understanding was deepened, both kinds of books were classified into history section. In Korea, the books containing the King’s words were sorted into the imperial category(御製, 御定) and those of the ministers’ proposals were included in the literature section(集部) like in China. We were unable to find an appropriate category for Juui-ryu until the catalog of modern times. Juui-ryu encompasses classics from the perspective of discussions on national operations. Therefore the classics for selection of good articles are excluded from Juui-ryu. The Korean classics of Juui-ryu have the following features: among them the proportion of the ministers’ proposals is high and those were mostly circulated in the form of manuscripts. To select the targets for 『the Comprehensive Publication of Korean Classics Collections in Classical Chinese』, we set up evaluation criteria of author, role, era, edition, volume and level of recognition. These criteria are the sources for the selection. This quantified evaluation method limits the possibility of the worker making subjective judgment and thereby secures the objectivity of the selection work. B ut t his is n ot e nough. I t is n ecessary t o develop some appropriate evaluation criteria for specific categories. It is also crucial to keep in close contact with the academic world for consultations about the evaluation criteria and method for the selection of the targets for the Comprehensive Publication of Korean Classics Collections in Classical Chinese, We hope to carry out more research into Juui-ryu and to lay a firm foundation for the publication of 『the Comprehensive Publication of Korean Classics Collections in Classical Chinese』.

Development of marker-based diagnosis for estimating the inflow time of beer-contaminating insects

Jung Hun Oh,Jae Soon Kang,Ki Hyun Myoung,Ha Jong Choi,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Insects or insect remains found in beer are one of major issues in consumer claim. Accurate estimation of inflow time isa critical factor for the settlement of such claims related with beer-contaminating insects but no reliable methods have been developed. In an attempt to establish a molecular marker-based diagnostic method, the degradation rates of 18S rRNA genes in the insectssoaked in 500 ml beer were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) over one month period at room temperature. Among the six insect species tested, the house fly (Musca domestica) and honey bee (Apis mellifera) revealed high correlations (r2=0.974-0.990) between the degradation of 18S rRNA gene and inflow time. In these insects, statistically significant distinction was possible between the samples stored in beer less than 14 days and more than 14 days. Other insects, including the fruit fly, common house mosquito, German cockroach and Indian meal moth, displayed poor correlations, which appeared attributed to the inefficient genomic DNA extraction likely due to small sample size or disintegration of body parts during storage in beer. With proper improvement in DNA extraction, this 18S rRNA-based diagnostic method would be applicable for estimating the inflow time of beer-contaminating insects.

딥러닝 합성곱에서 데이터 재사용에 최적화된 GPGPU 설계

남기훈(Ki-Hun Nam),이광엽(Kwang-yeob Lee),정준모(Jun-Mo Jung) 한국전기전자학회 2021 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.25 No.4

본 논문은 합성곱 신경망에 데이터 재사용 방법을 효과적으로 적용하여 연산 횟수와 메모리 접근 횟수를 줄일 수 있는 GPGPU구조를 제안한다. 합성곱은 kernel과 입력 데이터를 이용한 2차원 연산으로 kernel이 slide하는 방법으로 연산이 이루어 진다. 이때, 합성곱 연산이 완료될 때 까지 kernel을 캐시메모리로 부터 전달 받는 것이 아니고 내부 레지스터를 이용하는 재사용 방법을 제안한다. SIMT방법으로 명령어가 실행되는 GPGPU의 원리 이용하여 데이터 재사용의 효과를 높이기 위해 합성곱에 직렬 연산 방식을 적용하였다. 본 논문에서는 레지스터기반 데이터 재사용을 위하여 kernel을 4x4로 고정하고 이를 효과적으로 지원하기 위한 warp 크기와 레지스터 뱅크를 갖는 GPGPU를 설계하였다. 설계된 GPGPU의 합성곱 신경망에 대한 성능을 검증하기 위해 FPGA로 구현한 뒤 LeNet을 실행시키고 TensorFlow를 이용한 비교 방법으로 AlexNet에 대한 성능을 측정하였다. 측정결과 AlexNet기준 1회 학습 속도는 0.468초이며 추론 속도는 0.135초이다. This paper proposes a GPGPU structure that can reduce the number of operations and memory access by effectively applying a data reuse method to a convolutional neural network(CNN). Convolution is a two-dimensional operation using kernel and input data, and the operation is performed by sliding the kernel. In this case, a reuse method using an internal register is proposed instead of loading kernel from a cache memory until the convolution operation is completed. The serial operation method was applied to the convolution to increase the effect of data reuse by using the principle of GPGPU in which instructions are executed by the SIMT method. In this paper, for register-based data reuse, the kernel was fixed at 4x4 and GPGPU was designed considering the warp size and register bank to effectively support it. To verify the performance of the designed GPGPU on the CNN, we implemented it as an FPGA and then ran LeNet and measured the performance on AlexNet by comparison using TensorFlow. As a result of the measurement, 1-iteration learning speed based on AlexNet is 0.468sec and the inference speed is 0.135sec.

Combustion of Waste Sludge by Oxygen with Carbon Dioxide at a Circulating Fluidized Bed

( Ha-na Jang ),( Jeong-hun Kim ),( Jin-ho Sung ),( Seung-ki Back ),( Yun-tak Cho ),( Jong-il Kim ),( Hyun-je Sung ),( Yong-chil Seo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

Pilot bed tests using circulating fluidized bed reactor (CFB) were conducted to apply oxy-fuel technology for sludge combustion as a carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. In preliminary, the hydrodynamics of circulating fluidized bed reactor was observed in the cold-bed setup to simulate the 30KWth CFB oxy-fuel pilot test bed, in which the superficial velocity for fast fluidization was determined over than 2.5m/s. The minimum fluidization velocity (U_mf) was estimated as 0.104 m/s. In the pilot test, air and oxy-fuel thermal oxidation experiments for sludge were conducted with a flue-gas recirculation unit. In the pilot test, the temperature profile was uniformly depicted and the pressure gradient was depicted as a typical CFB trend at each point. The flue-gas temperature was relatively higher in the range from 21 to 25% which indicate that the heat transfer rate was relatively higher with this range. The carbon dioxide from waste sludge combustion was gradually increased when oxygen injection rate was decreased and was approached over than 80% with oxygen injection rate ranged from 21 to 25%.