한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

생체분해성 고분자를 이용한 사시수술용 제형개발 및 효용성에 대한 연구

민병무,김용백,김승영,김창식,박근성,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A new device, muscle clamping system was developed to facilitate exact quatifying technique A strabismus surgery, and reduce the risk of complications. The device is composed of a lower fixing body with three jaws and an upper supporting body. They are used to clip an extraocular muscle and fix it to the sclera with a single bite. Superior rectus recession on 16 rabbit eyes were performed with this new device. Conjunctival injection, muscle adhesion strength, and light microscopic findings were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The Conjunctival injection were minimal, adhesion power ranged from 420 to 600 gram gravity, which is sufficient in withstand the normal pull of human extraocular muscle. In microscopic exam, some Inflammatory cells and fibrosis were found. The new device was technically easy, fast, and accurate, so it may be useful in stabismus surgery.

급성 충수염으로 진단된 예측 불가 염증성 맹장 종물에 대한 외과적 고찰

민경진,백무준,채만규,김성용,이문수,김창호,김재준,송옥평 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: An unexpected inflammatory cecal mass of uncertain etiology was encountered during surgery for presumed appendicitis. In this case, the surgeon couldn't exclude differential diagnosis which were severe appendicitis involving the cecal region, diverticular disease, other inflammatory bowel diseases, and neoplasm. Therefore, this finding leads to a therapeutic dilemma for the surgeon, when making surgical decisions during the operation. The aim of this study was to resolve this dilemma, a retrospective review was undertaken in this study. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to review the management of this problem at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital for eight and half years from July 1991 to December 1999. A review of the emergency operation records identified 50 patients who had undergone ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy for an inflammatory ileocecal mass of uncertain etiology when operated on for probable appendicitis. Results: Altogether, 39 patients underwent ileocecal resection, and 11 patients underwent right hemicolectomy. The final pathologic diagnosis was appendiceal abscess in 32 patients (63%), cecal diverticulitis in 7 patients (14%), neoplasm in 6 patients (12%), appendiceal phlegmon in 3 patients (6%), ileal tuberculosis in 1 patient (2%) and Anisakiasis in another patient (2%). The neoplasm of the 6 neoplasm patients was ascending colon cancer for 4 patients and cecal cancer for 2 patients. There was no mortality in this group. Conclusion: Although most inflammatory cecal masses are caused by benign disease, all cases in which the intraoperative diagnosis is unclear, any pathologic diagnosis including neoplasm cannot be ruled out. So this suggest ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy to remove a possible underlying malignancy, and to decrease morbidity and mortality.

대학생의 스포츠 활동 참가유형에 따른 자아존중감 및 건강통제소재의 관계

박주영,김지연,이준우,백승옥 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between self esteem and health locus of control in sports participation type of university students. The subjects of the study was selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from the sports participation located in Seoul ' Kyung-Ki area in universty students. Among them 400 students are contacted as sampies to be studied. 29 of them are not reviewed because of untimely response and doubted sincerity of their answers. The author used questions from Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale SES (10 Questions, 1965, translated, edited and standardized by Kim, gui-bong, Kim, young-soo, Kang, sung-gu, Park, joo-young, Kim, young-ho, 1999) and Wallston, Wallston and DeVellis Multidimentional health Locus of Control Scale (18 Questions, 1978) to analyze the sample with statistical calculations including descriptive statistics analysis, one-way ANOVA, multiple correlation analysis for the study. The study conclusions from this study summarized as follow: First, there were differences in university students sports participation type depending on their characteristics such as sex, height, and weight. Second, the sports participation type among university students has a significant difference on the self-esteem. Third, the sports participation type among universty students has a significant difference on the health locus of control(internal health locus of control). Forth, there is some relationships between mental-health and body-consciousness in sports participation type of university students.

후천성 면역 결핍증에서의 폐렴구균 감염 부검 1예 : An Autopsy Report

이미숙,우준희,진소영,김종원,최창현,김양수,김은옥,김백남,이동화,류지소 대한감염학회 1996 감염 Vol.28 No.3

28세 남자의 후천성 면역 결핍증 환자에서 S. pneumoniae 폐렴이 합병되어 사망한 1예를 경험하여 부검소견과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Pulmonary infections such as Pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, and tuberculosis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection. Patients with HIV infection are at increased risk for bacterial pneumonia in addition to opportunistic infection. Although in a primary defect, HIV infection is associated with substantial dysfunction of humoral immunity, which predisposes patients to bacterial infections, particularly with encapsulated organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. We report a case of 28 year-old Korean male with HIV infection who died of respiratory failure due to pneumococcal pneumonia with autopsy findings.

반코마이신 내성 장구균 감염에 대한 quinupristin-dalfopristin 치료 경험

추은주,최상호,조영환,정선미,김백남,김남중,김미나,김양수,우준희,류지소 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.1

VRE 감염이 중환자에서 급속히 증가하고 있으나 이에 대한 확실한 치료제가 없어 새로운 항생제에 대한 활발한 연구가 있는데 그 중 하나가 quinupristin/dalfopristin이고, 저자들은 중증 환자들의 VRE 감염에 대해 quinupristin/dalfopristin를 투여하여 치료한 임상적 경험을 하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was first recognized in 1992 in Korea. VRE infection have been increasingly reported in immunosuppressed patients over the past decade and have become one of major nosocomial pathogens. Clinicians carings for patients with VRE infections face severe constraints in the selection of treatment. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is active in vitro againt vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREF), with a MIC_(90) of 1.0㎍/mL. We studied the clinical efficacy and safety of this agent in the treatment of VREF infection. Patients were included if they had signs and symptoms of active infection including bacteremia, intra-abdominal infection, and wound infection. A total of 13 patients with VREF infection were enrolled. A favorable clinical response (cure or improvement) occured in 10 of 11 evaluable patients. The only adverse events related to quinupristin/dalfopristin were arthralgia and myalgia, which occurred in 2 of 13 patients. These results suggest that quinupristin/dalfopristin is effective and safe as treatment for VREF infections in critically ill patients with serious underlying conditions.

혼합유화제 비율에 따른 인계난연제 캡슐의 제조 및 특성 연구

백경현,이준영,홍상현,김중현 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

The microcapsules containing triphenyl phosphate (TPP) flame retardant have been prepared by using the epoxy resin (Novolac Type) with good physical properties and network structure. The reactants including TPP, epoxy resin and mixed surfactants were emulsified to oil in water (O/W) by the phase inversion technology and then conducted on the crosslinking of epoxy resin by In-situ polymerization. The capsule size and size distribution of TPP microcapsules was controlled by mixed surfactant ratio. The thermal property of TPP capsules were measured by the TGA. The morphology and capsule size were also investigated by the SEM respectively. TPP capsules with 1 : 1 of mixed surfactant (F127 : SDBS) ratio were more spherical and uniform than it with others. The TPP capsule size was 12~17㎛ and TGA results shows that TPP capsule efficiency was about 73%.