제주도 법정감염병 신고 현황: 2001~2018

김미나,조은숙,김미야,배종면,Kim, Mi Na,Cho, Eun Suk,Kim, Mi Ya,Bae, Jong-Myon 제주대학교 의과학연구소 2018 The Journal of Medicine and Life Science Vol.15 No.2

Jejudo has unique geographical and climatologic characteristics compared with other areas in Korea. The aim was to evaluate differences of the nationwide notifiable infectious diseases (NND) occurred in Jejudo, 2011~2018. The source of data was on the Infectious Disease Statistics System operated by Centers for Diseases Control & Prevention in Korea between 1 January 2001 and 30 September 2018. After calculating the proportion of sum of years showing a higher incidence in Jejudo than nationwide divided by sum of comparing years(PSYH), authors defined the infectious diseases for control in Jejudo (IDCJ) with PSYH over 75%. In addition, the infectious diseases showing increasing trends during recent 2 years(2015~2018) were defined as sudden increase Infectious diseases for control (SIDCJ). IDCJ in 2001~2018 included 3 NNDs such as chicken pox, syphilis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results support main evidences to plan strategies and distribute community resources for control and prevention of NNDs in Jejudo, Korea.

Causes and Clinical Relevance of Inconclusive SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time Reverse Transcription- PCR Test Results

김미나,김아람,허규화,성흥섭 대한임상미생물학회 2020 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.23 No.4

Background: Inconclusive SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) test results, which are positive for one or more target genes but not all, are problematic in clinical laboratories. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cause and clinical relevance of such inconclusive results. Methods: rRT-PCR was performed using the Allplex 2019-nCoV assay kit (Seegene Inc., Korea) targeting the following three genes: E, RdRp, and N. For all inconclusive test results reported from March to June 2020, the frequency per kit, lot number, specimen type, cycle threshold (Ct) and peak values of the amplification curves, positive target genes, and results of repeated or consecutive tests were analyzed. Results: A total of 43,268 tests were conducted, of which 93 (0.21%) were inconclusive—49 from 11 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 44 from non-COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 patients, the results were inconclusive 11.9 ± 4.7 days after diagnosis and were negative 8.8 ± 5.5 days after the inconclusive results were reported. However, in non- COVID-19 patients, they were all negative upon retest and 81.8% of them were identified to have yielded in 2 out of 8 lots. The most frequently positive target genes were N (55.4%) in COVID-19 and RdRp (61.2%) in non-COVID-19 patients, respectively. No difference was observed in the Ct or peak values of the amplification curves for inconclusive samples between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: Inconclusive test results should be reported neither positive nor negative. Such results can be reported as inconclusive without retesting in COVID-19 patients; however, they should certainly be confirmed by a retest in non-COVID-19 patients or newly diagnosed cases.

唐宋时期假设连词“要、若要”研究 -兼论“要”的语法化

김미나,최재영 한국중어중문학회 2022 中語中文學 Vol.- No.87

As we know, ‘YAO(要)’ and ‘RUOYAO(若要)’ are hypothetical conjunctions which are used frequently in Modern Chinese. Although there are much study on hypothetical conjunctions ‘YAO(要)’ and ‘RUOYAO(若要)’ in the field of Modern Chinese grammar, there are few research result on the emergence of the hypothetical conjunction ‘YAO(要)’ and the grammaticalization process. Based on this, this paper studies Chinese hypothetical conditional sentences firstly, and then the use of hypothetical conjunctions ‘YAO(要)’ and ‘RUOYAO(若要)’ in Tang and Song dynasties, and analyzes the evolution process and evolution path of ‘YAO(要)’ by using construction grammar. The literature that are selected in this paper are as follows: Dunhuangbianwen(敦煌变文), ZutangJi(祖堂集) and Zhuziyulei(朱子语类). The study results are as follows: First, Chinese hypothetical conditional sentences are ‘hypotheticality’ and ‘event dependency’. The word ‘hypotheticality’ means events discussed in complement clauses are unreal. ‘event dependency’ means that complement clauses can not appear by themselves, as on the syntax level, they can only from a whole sentence when combined with a main clause. Second, the semantics of Chinese hypothetical conditional sentences does not rely on the emergence of signs. Instead it lies in their sentence structure. That means there is a semantic relationship of [S1(conditional), S2(Result)] between the complement clauses and the main clauses of Chinese hypothetical conditional sentences. Third, Although the conjunctions ‘YAO(要)’ and ‘RUOYAO(若要)’ appeared simultaneously in Tang and Song dynasties, the frequency that is used of ‘RUOYAO(若要)’ was higher than that of ‘YAO(要)’ at that time. Fourth, From Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty, the use frequency of the conjunctions ‘YAO(要)’ tended to increase gradually, while the use of ‘RUOYAO(若要)’ declined gradually. In the Qing Dynasty, the frequency of ‘YAO(要)’ was much higher than ‘RUOYAO(若要)’. Fifth, As for the evolution of ‘YAO(要)’, from the perspective of constructional grammar, when the modal auxiliary verbs ‘YAO(要)’ appears in the first clause of the complex sentence and the subject does not appear, the position of ‘YAO(要)’ is the same as that of the hypothetical conjunction. If the semantic relationship between the two clauses in a complex sentence is [conditional-result], ‘YAO(要)’ can be transformed into a hypothetical conjunction through reanalysis of grammar.

Eco-friendly In situ modification of ultrafiltration membranes to enhance fouling resistance

김미나,이정현 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.1

세균성 설사 원인균의 신속검출을 위한 다중 중합효소연쇄반응 검사의 대변검체에 대한 직접 적용

김미나,조민철,노신애,김경모 대한임상미생물학회 2010 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.13 No.4

Background: Causative bacterial agents of infectious diarrheal disease were traditionally diagnosed by stool cultures. Stool culture, however, has a problem because of relatively low sensitivity and long turnaround time. In this study, we evaluated multiplex PCR applied on stool specimens directly to diagnose enteropathogenic bacteria. Methods: From June to September 2009, 173 diarrheal stools submitted for stool cultures were tested by SeeplexⓇ Diarrhea ACE Detection kit (Seegene,Korea) to detect 10 enteropathogenic bacteria. Specimens were cultured for Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio,and Yersinia. Late 50 specimens were also cultured for Campylobacter. The specimens positive for verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) were further subcultured for detecting enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Electronic medical records were reviewed for clinical and laboratory findings. Results: Of 173 specimens, multiplex PCR and cultures identified enteropathogens in 36 (20.8%) and 8 specimens (4.6%), respectively. While multiplex PCR detected 5 Salmonella, 15 Campylobacter, 1Vibrio, 4 Clostridium difficiles toxin B, 5 Clostridium perfringens, 1 Yersinia enterocolitica, 5 Aeromonas,and 2 VTEC, cultures detected 5 Salmonella, 1Vibrio, 1 Y. enterocolitica, 1 Aeromonas, and 2 E. coli O157:H7. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR would be useful to detect Campylobacter, VTEC and C. perfringens, as well as have equivalent sensitivity to conventional culture for ordinary enteropathogens such as Salmonella,Shigella, Vibrio, Y. enterocolitica. Direct application of multiplex PCR combined with conventional cultures on stool warrants remarkable improvement of sensitivity to diagnose enteropathogenic bacteria. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2010;13:162-168)

유독물지정제도에 대한 유해화학물질관리자 및 전문가의 인식도 분석 연구

김미나,이승길,두용균,조삼래,최재욱,Kim, Mi Na,Lee, Seung Kil,Doo, Yong Kyoon,Cho, Sam Rae,Choi, Jae-Wook 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Objectives: Poisonous substances experts engage in policymaking regarding poisonous substances, whereas poisonous substances managers perform legal duties related to poisonous substances management systems at worksites. To understand and improve poisonous substances designation systems, it is necessary to distinguish the roles of these experts and managers. We further aimed to identify problems with poisonous substances appointment systems and provide basic data for their improvement by investigating the knowledge and recognition of the need for system improvement among managers and experts. Methods: To determine the $subjects^{\circ}{\emptyset}$ awareness of poisonous substances designation systems, a selfadministered questionnaire comprised of items on general characteristics and knowledge and recognition of the need for system improvement was issued. Data were analyzed via t-tests and ANOVA using SPSS v 16.0 Results: Regarding system comprehension, managers (n=213; mean 3.28, SD 0.63) significantly differed from experts (n=35; mean 4.08, SD 0.59) (P<0.001). No differences were found in recognition of need for improvement between managers (mean 3.11, SD 0.34) and experts (mean 3.24, SD 0.31). Significant differences in comprehension were found among managers by education level (P<0.05) and company size (P<0.05). Regarding industry type, comprehension was greater in the electrical/electronic and chemical/environmental industries compared to in other industries (P = 0.066). Comprehension was higher among those with five years or more of experience compared to those with less than five years. Regarding recognition of need for improvement, managers showed significant differences by company size (P<0.05). $Experts^{\circ}{\emptyset}$ comprehension showed no differences by general characteristics, while need for improvement differed according to work experience (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study found that the bigger the company size, the higher the level of comprehension by managers and the experts. In the case of both groups, where a higher comprehension of the poisonous substances designation system was evident, they recognized the necessity of its improvement.

임신부의 구강보건교육 경험 및 요구도와 구강건강관련행위

김미나 한국치위생감염관리학회 2016 한국임상치위생학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Objectives: The aim of the present research was to enhance pregnant women' oral hygiene condition by identifying their experience and needs of oral hygiene care education and oral health related behavior. Methods: From August 1st to 31th in 2014, a total of 217 pregnant women from 8 obstetrics clinics and 1 maternity class located across Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon were conducted by a self-recoding-questionnaire. Results: 1. 4.1% of the participants had experience a oral hygiene care education and 95.9% did not. 80.2% of the participants wanted to involve themselves in the research and 19.8% did not. 2. For the oral health related behavior, 75.1% of participants reported that they are currently using rotation toothbrushing method, 55.3% of participants with use of oral hygiene products, 16.6% of participants with doing regular oral examination, 11.5% of participants had dental treatments, and 76.5% of participants are having their dietary regulation. 3. Regular oral examination differed by age and experience with oral health education while dietary regulation differed by the needs for oral health education. But they did not show any difference depending on the pregnancy related features. Conclusions: The present research showed that the oral hygiene care education opportunity need to be set for pregnant women and the provision information of how to manage their oral health also need to be offered.

“要”的惯常体标记用法与其语法化研究

金美娜,崔宰榮 한국중어중문학회 2024 中語中文學 Vol.0 No.95

The multifunctional word ‘Yao(要)’ has many semantic meanings in modern Chinese, one of which is its use as a habitual marker. However, there is not enough research on the habitual marker ‘Yao(要)Hab’, especially on the grammaticalization process of ‘Yao(要)Hab’. This paper first analyzes the positioning and features of ‘Yao(要)Hab’ and then examines its grammaticalization process. The results of the examination are as follows: First, habitual markers in Chinese are introduced. Then, the positioning of the Habitual Marker ‘Yao(要)Hab’ is examined. Previous studies have categorized it into either the modality category or the aspect category. Based on the distinction between the aspect and modality categories, this paper categorizes it into the aspect category. Second, ‘Yao(要)Hab’ is divided into past habitual and present habitual. The past habitual expresses events that occurred in a past time period and carries [+realis], while the present habitual aspect represents events occurring from the past to the future and carries [±realis]. Third, ‘Yao(要)Hab’ appeared in the Qing Dynasty with limited usage. In the Republic of China period, the usage of ‘Yao(要)Hab’ gradually matured, and then it began to be widely used. Fourth, the grammaticalization process of the ‘Yao(要)Hab’ can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the epistemic modality auxiliary verb ‘Yao(要)Aux-epistemic’ appears in the construction [(S/SP)+Yao(要)Aux-epistemic+VP]. However, when a frequency word appears in the sentence, the semantics of the sentence change from representing a one-time event to representing multiple repeated events. At this point, the balance between the semantics of the sentence as a whole and the semantics of the auxiliary verb ‘Yao(要)Aux-epistemic’ itself is broken, prompting the sentence to be reanalyzed and grammaticalized. Thus, ‘Yao(要)Aux-epistemic’ grammaticalized from a modality auxiliary expressing recognition to a habitual marker, forming the construction [(S/SP)+Xfrequency word+Yao(要)Hab+VP]. In the second stage, not only does the sentence contain a frequency word, but it also includes a ‘temporal frame’ in the sentence, resulting in the structure [‘time frame’+(S/SP)+Xfrequency word+Yao(要)Hab+VP]. After grammaticalization, subjects co-occurring with ‘Yao(要)Hab’ can include agent subjects, in addition to patient subjects.

觀稼亭'의 경계구조분석을 통한 공간적 특성

김미나,김경희 한국주거학회 2003 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to make clear the identity of Korean traditional housing. And I'm trying to search characteristics of boundary in Korean traditional housing. In this study, I have analyzed boundary of ‘Gwan-gajung’. It is constructed on a square shaped plan, there is an elegant middle court, and a counter-roofed shrine house in the rear of the inner building. In this study, the definition of boundary is made based on what has been perceived as the proper structure, whose characteristics can be described in terms of openness, inside and outside parts and orientation. As a critical factor to spatial qualities, boundary is closely related with the connection and disconnection, background and atmosphere, and inferior and superior relations and hierarchical order from the view of space. The result of study is like followings. The characteristics of boundary in Korean traditional housing is 1. one way direction of penetrability, 2. having the face and the back 3. orientation 4. duplication.

지배구조와 노사관계가 수출기업의 성과에 미치는 영향

김미나,김성환 한국무역연구원 2014 무역연구 Vol.10 No.6

In this study, we investigate the effects of various types of corporate governance and labor unions, relations between the management and the labor unions on the performance of 2,218 exporting firms in Korea. The study was performed empirically using panel data analysis techniques like fixed effects panel models with biennial HCCP or Human Capital Corporate Panel developed by KRIVET for years of 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011 and Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training. Moreover, the database of Korea Information Service(KIS-Value) from 2005 till 2013 was used in this study. The major findings are summarized as follows. First, there is a positive relationship between the export ratio, measured by export to sales, and the profitability of firms, measured by ROA or return on assets. Second, there is a negative relationship between the extent of professional management and the profitability of firms. Third, there is a negative relationship between the extent of foreign management and the profitability of firms. Fourth, there is a negative relationship between the existence of labor unions in the firm and the profitability of the firm. Fifth, there is a positive effect of a good relationship between the management and the labor on the profitability of firms. However, we could not find any statistically significant evidence between the types of corporations like an independent firm, affiliated firm, or holding firm on their profitability. The results indicate that firms in Korea are depending on their profitability, regardless of their types of management. However, labor unions and bad management labor relationships hurt their profitability.