Molecular Approaches for Brain Tumor Therapy : Gene Transfer and Ant-sense Oligonucleotides

홍용길 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.9

Despite advances in neurosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with malignant brain tumors still remains grim. Considerable efforts have been made to develop new therapeutic strategies for malignant brain tumors. One of the promising new therapies for brain tumors is an intervention at molecular level and several molecular approaches have been shown to have in vitro and in vivo activities. These include the use of retroviral vectors, herpes simplex viruses, adenoviral vectors in gene transfer, and antisense vectors and oligonucleotides the clinical potential of these molecular therapies. Here, I discuss the current status of molecular therapy for brain tumors together with future directions for its development

종양의 혈관신생 억제요법

洪龍吉 대한의사협회 1998 대한의사협회지 Vol.41 No.8

장중첩증을 동반한 맹장 지방종 1예

홍의실,나병규,김민옥,유일영,채지영,채희복,윤세진,이상전,송형근,박길선,정현용 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2

대장 지방종은 주로 우측 결장에 호발하고 특히 회맹판 부위와 맹장 부위에 호발한다. 또한 50~60대에 빈도가 높고 증상이 있는 환자에서 장중첩증이 높게는 40~50%에서 보고되고 있어 성인 장중첩증의 원인으로 중요한 비중을 차지한다. 특히 성인 장중첩증 및 장폐쇄의 중요 원인인 악성 종양과 임상 양상이 유사하여 감별진단이 중요하다. 저자들은 반복적인 복통을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 맹장의 4×5㎝의 점막하 지방종이 말단 회장부위와 반복적인 장중첩중이 발생했던 1례를 부분 절제술로 치료하여 양호한 임상 경과를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Lipomas are one of the most common benign nonepithelial tumors of the colon which are often detected incidentally by radiologic investigation or on operation. These tumors are usually without specific symptoms. Colonic lipomas occur most often in the right colon, particularly in the ileocecal valve and the cecum. Most patients are asymptomatic. but tumors larger than 2 cm tend to produce a change in bowel habit. abdominal pain. rectorrhagia and complications including luminal obstruction or intestinal intussusception. Diagnosis can be made by colonoscopy abdominal CT. MRI, or barium enema. We report a case of lipoma of the cecum that originated in the submucosa and presented as a intussusception in a 50-year-old woman with a brief review of the literature.

흰쥐에서 간담관 장애가 신장에 미치는 초미세 형태학적 연구

김용임,김일,이길부,최종범,기근홍,김용일,서재홍 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.1

It has been well-known that biliary cirrhosis with concomittant impairment of renal functions were occured after prolonged obstruction of biliary tract. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the mechanism of impaired renal function and the ultrastructural change of the kidney in rats, ligated the common bile duct for 21, 28 and 50 days in order to induce secondary biliary cirrhosis. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Secondary biliary cirrhosis was produced evidently 28 days after ligation of common bile duct. Prominent proliferations of bile ducts and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrations were seen in pehportal area. 2. 28 and 50 days after ligation of common bile duct, show swelling and degeneration of mitochondria, microcystic formation and lysis of endoplasmic reticulum in the hepatocytes. Loss of microvilli in the bile ductules were noted. 3. Focal fusions, edema and bleb formations of foot processes were seen. Electron dense materials with variable size and global shape were found in foot process, 21, 28 and 50 days after ligation of common bile duct. 4. There were slightly thickening of renal glomerular basement membrane with hump in the subendothelial and widening of the mesangial matrix, 28 days after ligation of common bile duct. 5. There were moderately thickening of renal glomerular basement membrane and widening of the mesangial matrix with electron dense deposits, 50 days after ligation of common bile duct. From the above findings of electron microscopy, this study revealed electron dense deposits on renal glomerular mesangium of the rats as a results of experimental secondary biliary cirrhosis by ligation of common bile duct. Also severe hepatic injury due to swelling or lysis of rough endoplasmic reticulum and destruction of bile ductules resulted in deposited electron dense materials due to inhibition of excretion of immune complex through hepatobiliary tract, therefore this change indicated that immuncomplex could be deposited on renal glomerular mesangium.

反芻家畜의 飼料로 利用하기 위한 鷄糞사일리지의 衛生學的 硏究

鄭永健,李萬佶,尹水弘 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1982 環境硏究 Vol.2 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the hygienical value of silage made from cage layer excreta, rice straw and wheat bran. Cage layer excreta and rice straw were mixed in the ratio of 100:10 and 70:30 with 0 and 10% levels of wheat bran in each treatment. Ensilage was made in the small polyethylene vinyl bags containing 1.5kg of mixtures. Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Total bacteria counts of the initial mixtures were quite high but reduced rapidly after 3 days fermentation, especially on the mixtures of 63% layer excreta: 27% rice straw; 10% wheat bran. 2) Two salmonella groups (B and D) were isolated from the silage of 3 days fermentation and of 30 day-fermentation, respectively. However, no pathogenicity exhibited when in-jected two isolated into the abdominal cavity of each mouse. 3) Fairly high contents of lead were analyzed from a layer excreta, but diluted with the mixing of rice straw and wheat bran. 4) These results suggest that the mixture of 63% layer excreta: 27% rice straw: 10% wheat bran is desirable, considering hygienic aspects.

청소년 범죄 기사 내용 분석

신용규,나철,이길홍 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1997 中央醫大誌 Vol.22 No.4

The present study was performed to identify the socio-psychiatric aspects of adolescent criminal offences reported on daily newspapers and to use them as basic materials for prevention of adolescent criminal offences. The author analysed 609 cases of adolescent criminal offence who reported on Dong-a Ilbo and Chung-Cheong Ilbo, from 1991 to 1995. The total numbers of cases were 609, including 573 males and 36 females. In data analysis, the subjects were devided into three subgroups as the student group(221 cases), the working group(70 cases), and the jobless group (318 cases). and the result of the study were as follows. 1. The cases of adolescent criminal offences were more common in male. Their mean ages were the youngest in the student in contrast to late subgroup of the working or the jobless. 2. The antisocial personality was the most common in the jobless, while the dramatic cluster including the borderline or masochistic personality was more prevalent in the working, and the anxious cluster was more in the student. In psycho-social stressors, the student was suffered from various stress in school, home and their social life, while the working showed more serious stress in their hetero-sexual and business life, or more experienced maladjustment in their social and job life, and the jobless group showed more stressful burden due to economical problems, or more experienced maladjustment in their family life. 3. In subtypes of criminal offences, violence, fatal assult, fatal injury, parricide, and their or group offences were more common in the student, while murder, rape and raising the penalty or solitary offences were more frequently observed in the working, and felony was the most prominent offence in the jobless. 4. The incidence of student's offences reported in daily newspapers was remarkably increased, while those of the working or the jobless were decreased. The most vulnerable time of criminal offence in adolescents was from 7-12 PM, and these trends were prominent in the jobless compared with the student in afternoon, and the working in midnight. 5. In motivation of crimes, the psychological conflicts were the most in the student, while the curiosity, the various personality problems, and the heterosexual conflicts were common in the working, and the economical problems or the absence of motivations were prominent in the jobless. 6. In the tools of crime, the sharp materials were the most ones in the student compared with the fists, knives or guns in the working, and the absence of tools in the jobless. In the methods of crime, the latent aggression or physical aggression were the most ones in the student, compared with the forced aggression or direct aggression in the working. 7. In terms of accompanied person participating in criminal offence, group offence was prevalent(60.9%). The numbers of accompanied persons were more than 4 persons in the student, compared with the 2 persons in the working group, and the 1 person in the jobless. In the age ranges of accompanied persons, the student showed the youngest, while the jobless showed the oldest ones. 8. Males(63.2%) were more common in victims of adolescent criminal offences, about 40% of victims was the absence of job, and adults older than 21 years old(34.6%) was the most prevalent, followed by children younger than 11 years old(21.8%). Most of the victims in the student were their friends, lovers or parent with minor injury, while those in the working were passengers with more serious injury. The 67.8% of abusers was unknown persons with victims, and these trends were prominent in the jobless compared with more known persons in the student. 9. In the characteristics of the abuser, the working used more various psychoactive substances or alcohols, and more frequently experienced hallucination or delusion at the time of criminal offence compared with the other groups.

Denis-Browne Technique에 의한 34예 Hypospadia의 외과적 치료

김홍명,박길용 大韓成形外科學會 1976 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.3 No.1

Clinical observation were made for 34 cases of Hypospadia who were operated by Denis Browne technique the Dept. of General Surgery, National Medical Center for ten years from 1960 to 1970. 1) For age incidence, 16 cases among them were between 5 and 10 years old. 2) Among the 34 cases, another anormalies were detected in 15 cases as 9 of them combined Cryptochidism, 3 of them bifid scrotum and one of each inguinal hernia, fennel chest and congential heart disease. 3) The type of hypospadia, 9 cases of them were penile, 18 cases were penoscrotal, 3 cases were scrotal and perineal type in 4 cases. 4) As for the average of hospitarization, 13 days for the first stage, 15 days for the second stage and 17v days for the all stage. 5) Among the 34 cases, 6 cases of them were not performed the first stage procedure, 7 cases of them were not performed second stage procedure, 12 of them were performed first revision and 4 cases of them had to be performed second revision of repair fistula. 6) The postoperative complications, 4 cases of them showed stricture, 13 cases fistula, 5 cases infection and one of each complete disruption, and leaking of urine from the site of urethrostomy. 7) For the follow-up observation, 4 cases of them persisted fistula, 3 cases stenosis and one showed complete failure.

의약품중 잔류유기용매 시험법 확립에 관한 연구

고용석,강찬순,최보경,김혜수,홍정희,최명신,김상현,장성재,김길수 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

Headspace-GC(딘5-GC)를 이용하여 ICH 잔류웅매 가이드라인 class 1, 2에 속하는 28종의 잔류유기웅매 분석방법을 연군한 결과 SPB-5, BB-WAX column을 동시 이용하여 각각을 확인, 정량할 수 있었다.또한 염의 참가효과, 평형시간,평형온도가 headspace분석에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 평형 시간 30분,평형온도 85℃,Na₂SO₄Ig을 첨가하여 시험할 때 최적 부넉조건을 나타내었다. 회수율은 1,1-achloroethene(68.3%)를 제외하고 90.9 ~ 114.5%로 패체적으로 양호하였다. 따로 HS-GCJECD, DB-524 column을 이용하여 9종의 잔류유기용매에 대하여 각각의 검랸선을 작성하고 검출한계를 구하였다. 실제 의약품 원료 10종및 제제 5종에 적용시킨 결과 모두 불검출되었으며 본 시험법은 의약품중의 잔류유기용매 분석에 적용할 수 있는 방법이라고 판단된다. The headspace-fC/FID(HS -GC/FID) method was performed for test method developnlent of residu;31 organic solvents in pfrarmaceuticals. Using SPB-S and BB-WAXcolumn, 28 kinds of solvents iri ICH residual sof)·ents guidetine class 1, 2 couBd be individuallt-identified and quantitated. The foIBowing residoal soIYents were not detected by the headspaceinjection condition : N,N-Cmethylacetamide, N,N-dimeth)rlformamide, ethyfeneglycol, formamide,2-methoryethanot, N-rnethylpyrrolidone, suBforane. The effects of the addition of salts,equilibration time, and equilibration temperature on headspace analt·sis were invesugated. Theoptimum conditions weiFe obtained with addtion of Ifa2s04 19 as a salt, simultaneously. thetime and temperature of equitibration were 30min and 8i'f, respectivety. The recovery havefound between 90.9 and 114.5% except 1,1-dichloroethene(fi8.3%). Using DB-624 column &HS-GC/:ECD method, 9 kinds of residual solvents could be individually identified andfuantitated. This HS-GC method can be applied to test the residua3 organic solvent in thepharmaceuticals.

친환경농업 농가 컨설팅에 대한 반응 조사

오환중,차광홍,정우진,김길용,박노동 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2011 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.46 No.-

The interactions between Environment-Friendly Agriculture Research Center (EFARC) and farmers in Jeonnam Province area who have practiced environment-friendly agriculture (EFA) under guidances of EFARC were investigated through enquete. The enquete was conducted during July - September, 2010. One hundred and eighty nine farmers responded all inquiries among 200 farmers. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. Rice was the predominant crop grown by farmers (49%), and the next major was hot pepper (12%). Most farmers (95.3%) have practiced environment-friendly agriculture at the levels of no-pesticide (55.6%), lower pesticide (32.8%), and organic (6.9%). 2. Major motivations of practicing EFA are for the production of safe foodstuffs (52.6%) and for an increase of income (40.1%). 3. Around 3 quarters of the environment-friendly agriculture products are shipped through Nonghyup, the cooperative marketing. The price margin between ordinary agriculture products and EFA products was of 5~10% for 63.5% farmers, of 10~20% for 14.3% ones, and of 20~30% for 14.8% ones. 4. Bottlenecks for practicing EFA are in the order of the unstability of shipping price (34.9%), cultivation techniques (20.1%), excess labor input (19.6%), and control of disease and insect pest (18%). 5. It turned out that more than 90% farmers who have practiced EFA under guidance of EFARC recognized the consulting activities of EFARC as to be helpful for them. 6. Establishment of national organizations which are specialized in consultation for EFApracticing farmers has been suggested.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.