정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

대학 유도선수들의 운동상해에 관한 조사 연구

임순길,김정수 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2003 武道硏究所誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this research is to sort region of injury of game, kind, time and season in type and examine closely the cause and get basis data that can help to suitable recovery after courtesy call and control and judo athlete s injury analyzing their injury and prevent accident beforehand. Also, it relieve fear because judo athlete play judo match that have grasping correctly each single person's injury region and kind when they wish to apply these result in the ability playing in the match elevation and , at the same time, it suggest right control and so that can guide present. Target of this research got following conclusion as result that collect data according to established formality and analyze drafting questionnaire connected with exercise injury that is used by research of Park, Choon-woo(1998), Park, Hee-gab(1997), Kim, Sung-sil(1995), Nho, Jang-chul(l995) etc. to 140 people all by 97 men, 43 women among judo athletes who are belonged in the Kyonggi Province Y University. First, the region that men and women judo athlete wound injury, leg and arm, is dominated more than whole 60%, and trunk is expose by order of head part. Injury region by distinction of sex expressed difference that keep in mind head region, but difference that trunk, arm and leg region keep in mind did not appear. Man was exposed by order of neck, face, head etc. in head region, but woman expressed difference that keep in mind by neck of a stalk of grain, head, order of face and so on. Second, in the kind of injury by distinction of sex, muscle and tendon injury was the highest both men and women and exposed by order of joint, skin, bone, nerve. In injury kind by distinction of sex, difference did not appear in the muscle, bone, nerve, joint, skin and all kinds. Third, when men and women judo athlete practice exercise, they can wound injury easily and winter is the highest season for athlete to get injury easily. As appear in this research, leading person who provoke difference of the occurrence rate of injury could be particular mostly. Therefore, it is thought that can prevent as well as deteriorate the rate of incidence by removing specific injury factor.

TPM 우수기업을 위한 KS A ISO 2859-1과 KS A 3109와의 비교 분석

임재근,조병선,정수일 대한설비관리학회 2004 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The growing importance of the product quality of the manufacturing industry is becoming more and more apparent as we enter the end of faster and deeper globalization trend. At the same time, among the various factors affecting the quality of the product, the importance of the production equipment is ever increasing. As a result, the TPM activity in Korean industries is getting increasing recognition and is being implemented with faster phase than ever. The companies with superior product quality are heavily involved with TPM activities and the product qualities of these companies are definitely better than the others. When we distinguish the product quality process into 3 steps, i.e. quality secure-quality confirm-quality guarantee, of course the 1st step of secure is the most important, but also the 2nd step of onfirm is one of the most important step. As well in mass production environment, sampling inspection is more desirable than the 100 % inspection procedure. As a part of globalization trend, KS system is also being revised and reestablished based on ISO, IEC, etc. *which are based on international standard. Conventional KS sampling inspection standards were in many areas quite different from ISO sampling inspection standards, only KS A 3102, 3104, 3151 are left and the rest be-come obsolete, and even the ones that are still around are planned to the gone step by step. It has been already 3 years since the new KS A ISO 2859-0--3 sampling inspection process has been established which the abolition of the popular KS A 3101, KS A 3105, KS A 3109, yet the implementation rate is very slow. This study will attempt to compare the old KS A 3109 with new KS A ISO 2859-0~3, and try to understand the difference as that the new standard can be easily understood and used widely among companies, by using examples. Our attempt is to help implement with the companies with active TPM involvement but the final result can be spread among other companies as well in the near future.

Bicycle Ergometer 運動前, 後 血液成分 變化에 關한 硏究

林恒鎭,金正洙,朴晶來 公州大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 1991 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.4-5

This study is meant to calculate the change of circulational ability (Heart rate, Blood pressure) and blood components (RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Total protein) at rest (30 minute of rest before exercise), after exercise and at recovery (30 minutes of rest after exercise) by using bicycle ergometer. The boys (5 athletes group, 5 non-athletes group) were chosen form "K" middle school in "K" city and were examined to raise the expectations about exercise. The method of exercise load was decided with a pre-test at 80% of maximum heart rate with bicycle ergometer (Monark : Sweden). 2 minutes of warming up at 50 in 0 kp was done, and soon without rest, main exercise was done for 5 minutes at 50 in 30 kp. Blood circulational ability and blood components were examined three times respectively at rest, after exercise and at recovery. Blood circulational test was taken at sitting position using finger for heart rate and a Sphygmemanometer (Tycos type, Auto) 5cc of blood was collected using one time injector through the antecubital vein and soon 1cc of blood (anticoagulated, EDTA-2k) was examined for blood components change with Auto Cell Counter (ABX : France). The rest of the blood was placed in a plane tube. Later a biochemistrical test was took with Hand Chemistry Analyzer (Gylford : U.S.A) and Auto chemistry Analyzer (Gylford : U.S.A). Experimental items were physique examination (Height, Weight, Chest), circulational ability test (Heart rate , Blood Pressure), hematological test(RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct) and biochemistrical test (Glucose, Total cholesterol, Total protein). The results were compared and analyzed according to experimental items, Standard deviation and mean were made by SAS package program at rest Exercise, and at recovery, The T-test about the difference in average between athletes and non-athletes was made at level of α=0.05, α=0.01 The results are as follows. 1. At rest , the heart rate of the athletes and non-athletes did not have statistical differences, but after exercise, both groups showed rapid increase with concerning difference (p<0.01). 2. At rest, the maximum blood pressure (at systolic) was lower for the athletes group with no statistical significance for both of the groups. After exercise, both groups showed high increase, and at recovery both groups showed quick recover rate. There were no concerning difference both at after exercise and at recovery. 3. At rest the blood components showed less RBC's and WBC's than the normal adults and an average rate of Hb's and Hct's. Only WBC's and Hb's showed statistical difference (p<0.05, p<0.01). 4. After exercise, both groups showed low increase of RBC's Hb's, and Hct's but WBC's showed high increase WBC's Hb's and Hct's showed concerning increase (p<0.05) 5. At recovery, both groups showed approximately 95% recovery rate of RBC's Hb's and Hct's of the blood components, but WBC's showed a high recovery rate of 106%. Only WBC's and Hb's showed statistical difference (p<0.05) 6. At rest, Glucose and Total cholesterol was lower in athletes group but there were no statistical difference in both groups. After exercise both groups showed low increase in them. Glucose showed concerning difference (p<0.01) At recovery, both groups showed rapid recovery rare, but no concerning difference. 7. At rest, Total protein was low in athletes group with no statistical significance. After exercise, both groups showed low increase with no concerning differences. At recovery, both groups recovered quickly, but were no concerning differences. Concluding the above, compared to the non-athletes group, the athlete group showed low numeric value in blood circulating ability and change in blood components at rest, after exercise and of recovery. The low numeric value in blood circulating ability and quick recovery seems to reason form everyday planed and regular exercise in which physical and biochemical changes occur which gives the ability to adjust to the moving parts. The future subject is to understand the effect to the students of early growth which happen by the influence of developing society and to do continuous research of age, sex distinction, and areas to judge the details and intensity of physical strength training, and need to research with long and planned physical strength examination.

대형경유차 저공해기술 적용에 따른 나노입자 배출특성

임철수,류정호,엄명도,황진우,김예은 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Diesel engines which emit a lot of PM and NOx have been known as a main air polluter. Especially, diesel particulate matters (DPM) including black smoke are hazardous air pollutants to human health and environment. The nations retaining advanced engine technologies have reinforced emission regulations. To meet these regulations diesel engine manufacturers have developed low-emission diesel engines, aftertreatment equipments, alternative fuel technologies and so on. In this study, particle number concentrations characteristics according to particle size and engine driving conditions were analyzed when these low-emission technologies were applied. There was a tendency of increasing particle number concentrations from heavy-duty diesel engines with increasing engine rpm and load rate. In the cases of CDPF (Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filter), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) engine and ULSD (Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) more than 99% of particle number concentration were removed.

태평무(太平無)의 반주음악 연구 : 한영숙 流를 중심으로

임수정 한국음악사학회 2002 한국음악사학보 Vol.29 No.-

T'aepyo˘ngmu 太平舞, literally meaning Peaceful Dance, was recreated on the basis of the traditional Kyo˘nggi todangut's 京畿도당굿 shamanic dance and music by Han So˘ng-jun 韓成俊 (1874-1941) who was one of famous folk dancers during the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945). This classic dance was designated as an intangible cultural asset No. 92 in 1988. The rhythmic cycle (changdan 長短) of T'aepyo˘ngmu is so various that it would be impossible to perform the dance without a perfect understanding of its accompanying music. At the present time there are two styles (ryu 流) of T'aepyo˘ngmu : one is the Kang So˘n-yo˘ng style 姜善永流 and the other, Han Yo˘ng-suk style 韓英淑流. The former has been well preserved and succeeded, while the latter, in danger of disruption despite its importance. The object of this paper is, therefore, to restore the T'aepyo˘ngmu performed by Han Yo˘ng-suk by analyzing and noting its accompanying music and rhythmic cycle. As a result of analyzing T'aepyo˘ngmu, the accompanying music can be classified as three parts : First part played with kayagu˘m 伽倻琴; Second part played with percussion; Third part played kyo˘nggi sinawi 京畿시나위. The rhythmic cycles (changdan) used in the first part are P'usal 푸살 (the 15 beats type : consider ♩ as 1 beat), T'o˘bo˘llim 터벌림 (the 10 beats type : consider ♩. as 1 beat) and Pongdu˘ngch'ae 봉등채 (the 5 beats type : consider ♩. as 1 beat) etc. The rhythmic cycles used in the second part are To˘bo˘llim 터벌림 (the 10 beats type : consider ♩. as 1 beat), Ollimch'ae 올림채 (the fast 10 beats type : consider ♪ as 1 beat), Kyo˘mmach'igi 겹마치기 (the 4 beats type : consider ♩. as 1 beat). The rhythmic cycles used in the third part are Tosalp'uri 도살푸리 (the 6 beats type : consider ♩ as 1 beat), Mori 모리 (the 4 beat type : consider ♩. as 1 beat), Palppo˘du˘rae 발뼈드래 (the fast 4 beats type : consider ♩. as 1 beat), Chajin kukko˘ri 자진굿거리 (the 4 beats type : consider ♩. as 1 beat). Because Korean traditional dances are based on changdan, without a perfect knowledge of changdan it is impossible to perform the dance. It is, therefore, essential to learn about the changdan to succeed highly valuable traditional art.

어린 브리티쉬 숏헤어 고양이에서 발생한 비대성심근병증

임수정,이선희,손선호,최호정,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

A l0-month-old, neutered male, British shorthair cat was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with the history of tachypnea, anorexia and depression which onset were two days ago. On physical examination, increased respiratory rate and no murmur were found. A complete blood count indicated thrombocytosis. Results from a serum biochemical profile demonstrated elevations in CK, ALP, BUN and Ca, and decreases in sodium, potassium and chloride. Thoracic radiographs revealed patchy interstitial opacity increase and left atrium enlargement. Echocardiographs showed the evidences of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which were hypertrophy of diastolic interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall. Other findings on echocardiography were the reverse E:A ratio(tranmitra1 inflow pattern) and absence of systolic anterior motion of mitral valve. Electrocardiographs demonstrated wide P and R wave, which mean left atrium enlargement and left bundle branch block, respectively. Medications including furosemide (2mg/kg), enalapril (0.25mg/kg), and spironolactone (1mg/kg) were prescribed twice a day and orally. Client education about exercise restriction and possibility of aggressive progress was given. Clinical signs suggestive of thromboembolism were developed on 6th day after showing tachypnea; right forelimb lameness, bilateral hindlimb lameness, loss of femoral pulse and severe pain. After all, euthanasia was performed at local animal hospital, according to the owner's request.

제왕절개 수술후 경막외강, 지주막하강 및 전신 투여 morphine이 위장관 기능의 회복에 미치는 영향

임정혁,손수창,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.2

Background : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of epidural, intrathecal and intravenous morphine analgesia on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after cesarean section. Methods : Eighty nine patients of ASA I or 2 were classified randomly into 3 groups. Group 1(n=32)received epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine, and once in a dose of 4mg morphine immediately after delivery through the epidural catheter. Group 2(n=32) received spinal anesthesia with 0.25% hyperbaric 8.75mg bupivacaine, and 0.25mg morphine and 10㎍ fentanyl at the time that spinal anesthesia was administered. Group 3(n=25) received intravenous morphine after recovery of general anesthesia as a 0.5mg/h background infusion with a lmg bolus and a lockout interval 10min during the first 24 hour. Results : Passing of flatus was noted 48.6±12.1 hours in group 1, 42.2±11.9 hours in group 2, and 50.8±5.9 hours in group 3. There was significant difference between group 2 and group 3(p<0.05).The duration of hospital stay was 94.8±19.7 hours in group 1, 95.7±19.7 hours in group 2 and 100.1±20.7 hours in group 3. Conclusions : Choice of postoperative analgesia may affect the recovery of gastrointestinal function after cesarean section. If convalescence protocols are adjusted to take advantage of the earlier recovery of bowel function, there may be a more shorter hospital stay.

식도 평활근종이 동반된 Alport 증후군 1례

정진영,김철민,임연정,김자형,유종우,최보화,홍수종,박영서 대한소아과학회 2002 小兒科 Vol.45 No.9

Improved Micropropagation of Root Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus.

Lim,Jung-Dae,Yang,Deok-Chun,Lee,Hyeon-Yong,Kim,Jong-Dai,Lee,Jin-Ha,Sung,Eun-Soo,Yu Chang-Yeon 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L^-1 and 0.1 mg NAA L^-1. Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.