3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

Studies on N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea Mutagenesis in BALB/c Mice

Cho, Kyu-Hyuk,Cho, Jae-Woo,Song, Chang-Woo Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2008 Toxicological Research Vol. No.

N-ethyl-N-nitrosoures (ENU) is effective in inducing hypermorphic mutation as well as hypomorphic and antimorphic mutations. Therefore, this mutagen is used to the production of mutant in the mice. In order to perform an effective ENU mutagenesis using BALB/cAnN mice, determination of optimal dosage and dosage regimen of ENU is necessary. And this study tried to develop a suitable screening method and searched for novel and various mutants as model animals in phenotypedriven ENU mutagenesis. We have carried out dosage regimen for mutagenizing dose of 200 mg/kg ENU in the BALB/c mice. Total screened mice were 30,133. As the results of Esaki and Cho's Phenotype Screening, we got 2,516 phenotypic and behavior abnormalities in $G_1,\;G_2\;and\;G_3$ mice. One hundred thirty five $G_1$ phenodeviants were tested for inheritance and 16 dominant mutants were discovered. Forty two recessive mutants were also found in tested 201 micropedigrees. Early-onset mutant mice included the dysmorphology of face, eye, tail, limb, skin, and foot and abnormal behavior like circling, swimming, head tossing, stiff-walking, high cholesterol level, and tremor etc. In this study we could effectively screen $G_3$ recessive mutants. The frequent and concise early-onset screening before weaning will be available for ENU mutagenesis.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

β-Carotene과 알코올을 섭취한 쥐의 혈액 성분변화의 상관관계

고재웅,조만희,이상한,우기민,염윤기,김창세 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary carotenids and β-carotene on the hematological changes caused by alcohol administration into the rats. The results were analyzed using several statistical methods; SPSS computer program for measuring the mean values and standard deviations, one way ANOVA for the test of significance, Duncan method for post HOC multiple comparison, and Pearson method for measuring the correlation coefficient. The following are the conclusion from those statistical analysis. 1. ALB and TB were shown to have the most significant correlation among the blood compositions f개m the basic dietary groups. 2. BUN and CHO were shown to have the most positive correlation among those from the carrot-fed groups. 3. CA and AG were shown positively correlated, and CHO and IP negatively correlated, respectively among those from the cheese-fed groups. 4. AP was shown positively correlated among those from the alcohol-administrated groups. 5. CHO, CA and BUN were shown positively correlated, and CA was negatively correlated among those from the β-Carotene -fed groups. 6. TB and TP were not affected by the correlations between the blood composition from all the experimental groups.

Studies on N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea Mutagenesis in BALB/c Mice

Kyu-Hyuk Cho,Jae-Woo Cho,Chang-Woo Song 한국독성학회 2008 Toxicological Research Vol.24 No.1

N-ethyl-N-nitrosoures (ENU) is effective in inducing hypermorphic mutation as well as hypomorphic and antimorphic mutations. Therefore, this mutagen is used to the production of mutant in the mice. In order to perform an effective ENU mutagenesis using BALB/cAnN mice, determination of optimal dosage and dosage regimen of ENU is necessary. And this study tried to develop a suitable screening method and searched for novel and various mutants as model animals in phenotypedriven ENU mutagenesis. We have carried out dosage regimen for mutagenizing dose of 200 ㎎/㎏ ENU in the BALB/c mice. Total screened mice were 30,133. As the results of Esaki and Cho's Phenotype Screening, we got 2,516 phenotypic and behavior abnormalities in G₁, G₂and G₃mice. One hundred thirty five G₁phenodeviants were tested for inheritance and 16 dominant mutants were discovered. Forty two recessive mutants were also found in tested 201 micropedigrees. Early-onset mutant mice included the dysmorphology of face, eye, tail, limb, skin, and foot and abnormal behavior like circling, swimming, head tossing, stiff-walking, high cholesterol level, and tremor etc. In this study we could effectively screen G₃recessive mutants. The frequent and concise early-onset screening before weaning will be available for ENU mutagenesis.

흐름 計算의 數値 積分法에 관한 硏究

조원철,李元煥,송재우 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1977 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

A simple rapidly converging iterative method of computing gradually varied steady flow profiles in open channels of any shape, prismatic or nonprismatic, is presented. The method is also applicable to spatially varied steady flow. It is not necessary to determine the shape of the expected profile or the type of flow in advance to proceed with the solution. Computations can proceed either upstream or downstream, regardless of the type of flow, once the channel, discharge, and the initial depth of flow are specified. The procedure for hand computation is illustrated by an example and a FORTRAN program is given.

주의력결핍과잉행동장애와 Alpha-1C-Adrenergic 수용체 유전자와의 연관성에 대한 연구

조수철,김재원,김붕년,황준원,박미라,김순애,조대연,유희정,정운선,손정우,박태원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.1

Objectives : Neurobiological and pharmacological research has suggested that the dysregulation of the central noradrenergic systems might be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the alpha-1C-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA1C) with ADHD in Korean subjects. Methods : In a case-control study, we assessed 186 DSM-IV ADHD probands and 150 normal controls. One hundred and eight trios were studied in a family-based association analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were derived through structured diagnostic interviews. For the clinical evaluation of the ADHD subjects, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) were administered. A computerized continuous performance test (CPT) was used to measure the inattention and impulsivity of the ADHD children. Results : There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele frequencies of the ADRA1C PstI polymorphism between the ADHD and control group (p>0.05). The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis observed no evidence for biased transmission of any of the alleles of the PstI polymorphism. There were no significant differences in the CPT or JTCI profiles between those ADHD subjects with the CC genotype and those with the other (CT+TT) genotypes at the PstI polymorphism. Conclusion : The results of this study do not support the ADRA1C as a major genetic susceptibility factor in ADHD.

구강에 발생한 편평상피암종의 MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 발현과 EGFR 및 E-cadherin 발현의 상호연관성

조성재,권창석,김용환,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix, which is related to infiltrative growth and metastasis of tumor. Positive correlation between MMPs expression and clinico-pathologic parameters were reported, and MMPs expressions were regulated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMPs) or cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions and clinico-pathologic factors such as clinical stage. recurrence. histologic grade and invasion pattern, and between MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expressions and TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and E-cadherin expressions. Methods and Material : The materials were 55 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and immunohisdtochemical studies for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, E-cadherin and EGFR were performed. Clinico-pathologic factors such as clinical stage, recurrence, histologic grade and invasion pattern were recorded through microscopic examination and clinical record review. Statistical analyses between MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions and clinico-pathologic factors, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 expressions and EGFR and E-cadherin expressions were done. Results : 1. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were noted in 30(54.5%) and 22(40.0%) of 55 cases, respectively. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions were observed in 21(38.2%) and 33(60.0%), and E-cadherin and EGFR expressions were found in 35(63.6%) and 26(47.3%) of 55 cases, respectively. 2. MMP-2 expression rate was slightly higher in cases without recurrence, and TIMP-2 expression rate was slightly higher in cases showing more infiltrative growth pattern. However, there were no significant differences of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expression rates according to other clinico-pathologic parameters were noted. 3. The expression rate of EGFR was higher in cases with well differentiation (p=0.0047), but no positive relationship between the expression rate of E-cadherin and histologic grade was found. There were no significant differences of the expression rates of E-cadherin and EGFR according to other clinico-pathologic parameters. 4. Cases with positive reaction for MMP-9 showed an increasing tendency of negative reaction for TIMP-1. However, signigicant relationships between MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 expressions were not noted. 5. The expression rate of MMP-2 was higher in cases with positive reaction for Ecadherin and EGFR with no statistical significance. The expression rate of MMP-9 was significantly higher in cases with positive reaction for E-cadherin(p=0.0221), but there was no significant relationship between MMP-9 and EGFR expression. Conclusion : These results suggest that MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions are involved in the development of oral squamos cell carcinomas, but MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expressions might not seem to be a sueful prognostic factors because there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologic parameters, EGFR expression showed positive correlation with low histologic grace, so EGFR expression could be regarded as a good prognostic factor. In the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity, MMP-9 and E-cadherin might be involved with positive correlation, but there were no significant correlations between MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and EGFR expressions rate. Further study for other factors such as cytokines or growth factors except TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and EGFR will be needed.

플라이애시를 다량 사용한 콘크리트의 수화발열 특성과 압축강도 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

조규현,박무영,백민수,김우재,임남기,정상진 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

This study is for the great quantity use of fly-ash. For the producing of high volume concrete from the use of fly-ash, the method of replacement between bonding agents and fine aggregate by fly-ash at the slt was used that the adiabatic temperature rise of concrete about the mass member which bad been produced by the method that was mentioned before, and the hydration heat of the core test pieces in concrete was measured. Also the core test pieces which were replaced with fly-ash was studied by the compressive strength's comparison between standard care test pieces and core test pieces. In the case of mass test pieces, hydration heat and the time to reach the highest temperature were decreased by an increase in replaced fly-ash's amounts of concrete. In addition, among the test pieces having the same amounts of concrete, the test pieces having more replaced amounts of fly-ash's fine aggregate showed higher hydration heat and the increased time to reach the highest temperature. Compressive strength was also increased by hydration heat's decrease according to fly-ash replacement. Replacement of fly-ash was more effective in high temperature environment.

초등학교 성교육 프로그램 개발 연구 : 초등학교 고학년을 중심으로 Focusing on the Upper Grades

조연순,김정효,이경순,우재경 한국초등교육학회 2001 초등교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 학교의 공식적인 교육과정을 통해 아동들이 성에 관한 과학적 지식을 습득하고, 건전하고 양성 평등한 태도를 형성하여 긍정적인 자아확립과 원만한 사회 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 하기 위한 성교육 프로그램을 개발하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 문헌 분석과 요구 조사를 바탕으로 성교육과정의 내용 체계를 구성하고 초등학교에서 별도의 성교육 시간이나 타 교과 시간 모두에서 활용 가능한 성교육 단원(교수-학습 활동)을 개발하였다. 이렇게 개발한 성교육 단원을 서울, 경기 지역의 8개 초등학교에 예비 적용해 본 후 프로그램을 수정·보완하였다. 이런 과정을 거쳐 9개 단원, 30개 차시안의 성교육 프로그램을 완성하였다. 본 프로그램의 수업방법은 문제 상황을 제시함으로써 성과 관련된 지식의 이해를 도모하며 이를 바탕으로 실생활 문제를 해결할 수 있는 능력을 기르고자 하는데 그 특징이 있다. The purpose of the study was to develop a sexuality education program for the upper graders of elementary schools to acquire scientific knowledge about sexuality, to have the healthy and positive attitude on their gender and to live harmoniously with opposite gender. The processes of program development were as follows; (1) reviewing related literatures, (2) investigating the needs of students, teachers and parents on the school-based sexuality program, (3) forming the framework of sexuality education program, (4) developing units and activities based on the framework of sexuality education program, (5) implementing the developed program to the eight elementary schools in Seoul and Kyung-gi-do, and (6) modifying the program according to the results of implementation. The above processes of the program development are described in detail, and one lesson is presented as an example among 39 lessons developed. Finally, some problems and thoughts of our society related to the sexuality education are discussed.