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관상동맥 스텐트를 삽입한 급성 심근경색 환자의 진료비 및 재원일수 관련 요인에 대한 다수준분석: 2010년과 2015년 국민건강보험공단 맞춤형 데이터베이스 자료를 바탕으로
최보영,이해종 한국보건행정학회 2020 보건행정학회지 Vol.30 No.3
Background: This study aims to analyze the cost and the length of stay (LOS) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with coronary artery stenting according to the characteristics of individuals and institutions. Methods: The data was collected from Korean National Health Insurance Service’s customized database in 2010 and 2015. Chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance, and multilevel analysis were performed. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for cost were 7.02% in 2010, 5.61% in 2015 and for LOS were 3.17%, 1.40%, respectively. The average costs were 9,067,000 won in 2010 and 9,889,000 won in 2015 (p<0.0001). However, the cost in 2015 was lower than the cost applying increased fee. The costs increased in aged 50–59 years, 60-69 years, and aged ≥70 years versus in aged under 49 years. The cost was higher in Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) 3 to 4 and ≥5 than in CCI 0. The costs were lower in male, medical aid recipients, metropolises, and local hospitals in other regions in 2010. LOS decreased from 8.1 days in 2010 to 7.4 days in 2015. It decreased in male, high income group, and the group of admission via emergency room. However, it increased in higher ages and medical aid recipients, and it also increased when CCI rose. The Internal Herfindahl Index was related to LOS in 2010. Conclusion: The variation of hospital level was small compared to the patient level. Therefore, it is important to implement applicable policies at the patient level in order to reduce cost and LOS of AMI patients.
최보영,백현만,전신수,손병철,김문찬,김범수,이재문,이형구,서태숙 한국자기공명학회 2003 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.7 No.1
PURPOSE - To investigate neurometabolism from the brain destructive lesions and striatal putamen-pallidus regions to the clinically worst side in patients with Parkinson’s disease after stereotactic functional neurosurgery. METHODS - Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), fifteen patients (7 males and 8 females; mean age 56.5 years; age range 43-67 years) with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were studied to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and lactate (Lac) levels on the neurosurgical lesions of thalamus, globus pallidus and striatal putamen-pallidus regions in a brain. RESULTS - Brain destructive lesion and striatal putamen-pallidus region in PD compared with controls were highly and significantly related to NAA/Cho ratios reduction, respectively (P = 0.002, P = 0.04), but showed no difference from the same regions of PD prior to neurosergery (P = 0.06, P = 0.77). Increased lactate peaks at 1.3 ppm were present in all the cerebral lesions, and these resonances were confirmed at a long TE = 136 ms, indicating that these signals distinguished from lipids. CONCLUSIONS - Our results suggest that NAA/Cho ratios may provide as a neurometabolite marker for neurochemical changes in brain surgical lesion, and the ratios might be related to functional change of neuropathophysiological status in the striatal putamen-pallidus region of PD. Increase of lactate signals, being remarkable in surgical lesions, could be consistent with a common consequence of surgical necrosis. Therefore, MR spectroscopy could be a sensitive diagnostic tool in monitoring neurometabolic changes in PD with neurosurgical treatment. 영어논문
Evaluation of Neuronal Dysfunction in Schizophrenia before and after Neuroleptic Treatment by 1H MRS
최보영,백인호,이창욱,이형구,어태석 한국자기공명학회 2001 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.5 No.1
Localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed to evaluate metabolic alterations in the right and left frontal lobe before and after neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenic patients (n=24) and a group of healthy normal subjects (n=20). Proton metabolic ratios obtained from the 8 cm3 voxels in the right and left frontal lobe were compared with the clinical assessment of PANSS for each subject. There was no significant difference in the metabolic ratios between the right and the left frontal lobes in either the schizophrenic group or the control group, indicating no laterality. Compared with those of the normal control group, NAA/Cr and (GABA+Glu)/Cr ratios of the schizophrenic patients showed significantly lower (p=0.023) and higher (p=0.005) value, respectively. The (GABA+Glu)/Cr ratio of the schizophrenic patients was generally decreased after neuroleptic treatment, while the NAA/Cr ratio was not changed. Significant correlation between the (GABA+Glu)/Cr ratio and the clinical symptom scores assessed by PANSS was established. The present study supports the “hypofrontality” hypothesis of schizophrenia on the basis of the altered metabolic ratios before and after neuroleptic treatment. 영어논문
Metabolic Abnormalities in Idiopathic Parkinson's Diseases with Unilateral Symptoms
최보영,김문찬,김범수,이재문 한국자기공명학회 2004 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.8 No.1
Authors investigated whether there is a lateral effect of 1H MRS observable metabolite ratios between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side in the early stage of Parkinson’s disease with unilateral symptom. Localized in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure the metabolite levels in the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic sides of the lentiform nucleus in Parkinson’s disease with unilateral symptom (N=25). The metabolite ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the symptomatic side were compared with those in the nonsymptomatic side. Significant metabolic lateral effect of NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratio was established between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side of lentiform nucleus in Parkinson’s disease with unilateral symptom (p<0.05). The ratio of NAA/(Cho+Cr) homolateral to the sympatomatic side of the patient is also lower than that of the control (P<0.05). On the basis of NAA/Cr ratios of lentiform nucleus between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side, the present 1H MRS study shows a significant neuronal laterality in Parkinson’s disease with unilateral symptom. In vivo 1H MRS may provide a diagnostic marker for neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease with unilateral symptom 영어논문
Clinical Application of Functional MRI : Motor CortexActivities by Acupuncture
최보영 한국자기공명학회 2002 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.6 No.2
We report a preliminary fMRl evidence of modulation of somatomotor areas by acupuncture in GB34 acupoint. GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MR scanner, functional MR imaging was performed in five normal volunteers in two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB34 and sham points. Group analysis from five individuals showed that bilateral sensorimotor areas (BA 3,4,6 and 7) showed stimulation related BOLD signal contrast of approximately 6% whereas very few areas were activated when sham stimulation is given. Our results suggest that acupuncture fMRI study can be safe1y conducted in 3T environment and stimulation in GB34 modulate the cortical activities of the somatomotor area in human. 영어논문
최보영 한국국제통상학회 2019 국제통상연구 Vol.24 No.4
Focusing on the characteristics of consumer goods, this paper compares the determinants of trade in consumer goods and trade in intermediary goods in East Asia. I find that unlike intermediary goods trade, trade in consumer goods is influenced by cultural similarity: the more cultures are similar to each other, the more active the exchange of consumer goods between the countries. This is partly because the demand of consumer goods are often based on subjective consumers’ preferences or choice, which is not the case for intermediary inputs demand. In this context, trade of recreational services, such as broadcasting and education, plays a complementary role in trade in consumer goods. Empirical results show that volumes of services trade between countries is positively associated with trade in consumer goods. The study also finds that trade in consumer goods are more affected by the level of e-commerce infrastructure of the trade participants than trade in intermediates. This is not surprising given that the share of consumer goods is higher than intermediary goods in international trade through e-commerce. Among consumer goods, the effect of the three factors―cultural distance, service exports, e-commerce infrastructure―is especially stronger on trade in differentiated goods than on homogeneous goods trade. Lastly, by estimating the econometric model by the top five consumer products chosen by the government of Korea, I find that the effect of the three factors differs across products. Trade in agricultural products, cosmetics and fashions are sensitive to e-commerce infrastructure level of the trade participants while cultural similarity plays a significant role in trade in cosmetics. Furthermore, importer's exposure to the exporter's culture narrows the cultural distance between the partner countries and lead to higher volumes of trade in fashions. 본 논문은 소비재 무역의 특성에 중점을 두고 동아시아의 소비재와 중간재 무역의 결정요인을 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 중간재와 달리 문화적인 특성이 강한 소비재는 무역에 참여하는 양국이 문화적으로 유사할수록 교역이 더 활발하게 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비재 무역은 중간재 무역에 비해 양국의 서비스무역 크기와 IT 인프라 수준에도 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타난다. 이는 서비스무역이 문화적 격차를 줄이는데 도움을 주고, 전자상거래가 중간재보다는 소비재 무역을 원활하게 하는데 기여하기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 소비재 중에서도 특히 차별재화 무역이 동질재화에 비해 이러한 요인들에 더 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타난다. 정부의 5대 유망소비재 중에서는 농수산품, 화장품, 패션의류 무역이 양국의 IT 인프라 수준이 높을수록 교역이 활발하다. 문화적 격차에는 화장품 교역이 민감하게 반응하고, 서비스 수출을 통한 문화에 대한 노출은 특히 패션의류 무역을 촉진시키는 것으로 분석되었다.
미야자키 하야오 감독의 애니메이션에 나타난 캐릭터와 의상의 상징성에 관한 연구
최보영,이인성 한국복식학회 2007 服飾 Vol.57 No.1
This study has analyzed the main works of Hayao Miyazaki, a great master of Japanese animation, and inquired into the internal and external feature of characters depicted in his works. The creation of animation character starts from non-being in the planning step and becomes an important medium which will contain the story and the subject of drama. Therefore it’s possible to analogize what he intends to represent through the identity, role and external feature of characters appeared in Hayao Miyazaki’s animation. As a result of analyzing these external features, the message pursued by Hayao Miyazaki shows diversified girl character unlike the existing one of Japanimation, the girl characters in his works are sometimes sexless, sometimes androgynous, but they take the role to show the intention of director and to settle matters through new femininity free from any frame. In addition, the story of drama and other components show that the Japanese-typed is being sublimated worldwide with fantasy world through oriental appearance of girl character and various color symbols.
최보영 역사와교육학회 2020 역사와 교육 Vol.30 No.-
Japanese middle school history textbooks are written in accordance with the 「government guidelines for teaching」 and the 「commentary of government guidelines for teaching」, 8 types that have been tested by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology are now in use. The current textbooks were written in 2008 under the 「government guidelines for teaching」. The education of emphasizing patriotism, which began with the advent of the second Abe Cabinet, has been closely revised and dug down into Japanese's mind to influence on the writing of textbooks and the field of education related to the people's historical consciousness, including history, civism, and geography. In this study, it examined that the characteristics of the two textbooks, Tokyo Shokseki with the highest adoption rate and Ikuhosha books, the most conservative. In general, Tokyo Shokseki narrates focusing on the facts about the background and process of Japan's democratization and the establishment of the pacific constitution of Japan after the defeat, while Ikuhosha has openly expressed the negative perception of the occupation by General Command and the war crimes trials in Tokyo after the defeat. In addition, Tokyo Shokseki stated that Japan pursued democratization independently and independently, and in the other, Ikuhosha points out that there is a problem as a self-propelled country because it was carried out passively by the occupation of the US military. It can be summed up that it induces the perception that they have to forward to the so-called ordinary country. Evaluating perspectives of modern history of two textbooks show significant differences. However, the descriptions of economic aid to China and Vietnam, including South Korea, they commonly state that it has helped the countries' economic growth. Also, regarding all territorial issues with neighboring countries, represented by Dokdo Island, they have commonly continued to state with only Japanese perspective. Tokyo Shokseki representing Japan's history textbooks and Ikuhosha's textbooks representing conservatives fulfill faithfully to the Japanese government's revised curriculum and clearly show each tendency, and it found out the fact that there have common point depending on the issue. 일본 중학교 역사교과서는 「학습지도요령」과 「학습지도요령해설」의 지침에 따라 집필되며 문부과학성의 검정을 거친 8종이 현재 사용되고 있다. 현재 사용되고 있는 교과서는 2008년 「학습지도요령」에 의해 만들어진 것이다. 제2차 아베 내각의 등장과 함께 시작된 애국심 강조 교육은 역사공민지리 등 국민의 역사의식과 관련한 교과서 집필과 교육현장에 영향을 미칠 수 있도록 치밀하게 개정되어 일본인들에게 파고들고 있다. 여기서는 가장 높은 채택율을 가진 도쿄서적과 가장 보수적이라 일컬어지는 이쿠호샤, 두 교과서를 중심으로 특징을 살펴보았다. 대체로 도쿄서적은 패전 이후 일본의 민주화 배경과 과정 그리고 평화헌법의 제정에 대해 사실 나열을 중심으로 서술한 반면 이쿠호샤는 패전 이후 총사령부의 점령과 도쿄전범재판에 대해 부정적인 인식을 노골적으로 드러내고 있다. 또 도쿄서적이 민주화에 대해 자주적이고 주체적으로 추진해 나갔다고 했다면 이쿠호샤는 미군 점령에 의해 수동적으로 수행되면서 자주국가로서 적지 않은 문제가 있다고 지적하고 있다. 이는 소위 보통국가로 나아가야 한다는 인식을 유도하고 있다고 정리할 수 있다. 이처럼 두 교과서는 현대사를 평가하는 관점에 대해서는 적지 않은 차이점이 있다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 한국을 포함해 중국과 베트남에 대한 경제원조 등을 서술할 때에는 공통적으로 이들 나라의 경제적 성장에 도움이 되었다고 서술하고 있다. 또 독도로 대표되는 인접국가와의 영토문제에 대해서는 모두 자국 중심의 서술로 일관하는 공통점이 있다. 이처럼 일본의 역사교과서를 대표하는 도쿄서적과 보수를 대표하는 이쿠호샤의 교과서는 일본정부의 개정교육과정에 충실하면서도 각각의 경향성을 뚜렷이 드러내고 있으면서도 사안에 따라서는 공통점도 존재한다는 사실이 확인된다.
최보영,이지희,이상민 한국교육방법학회 2010 교육방법연구 Vol.22 No.1
본 연구는 전문상담교사제도에 대한 기존의 성과연구의 한계점을 극복하고 국책 사업인 전문상담 교사제도의 실질적인 효율성을 검증하고자, 무형의 서비스나 비시장재의 경제적 가치를 측정하는 조 건부가치 측정의 방법으로 전문상담교사제도의 경제적 가치를 도출하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 학부모 2,229명을 대상으로 개방형과 지불카드법의 방식을 통해 전문상담교사 1인으로부터 한 개인이 1달간 받은 혜택이 어느 정도인지를 조사한 후, 전문상담교사제도의 운영을 통해 기대할 수 있는 경제적 가치를 산출하였다. 연구결과, 전학생을 대상으로 학생 250명 당 1인의 전문상담교사를 배치할 경우 단 1년 만에 적게는 약 10조 5천 억 원에서 크게는 25조 5천 8백 억 원의 경제적 이익이 산출되는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 전문상담교사의 경제적 가치 평정에 영향을 미치는 주요 변인으로는 학부 모의 상담태도와 상담의도, 그리고 상담 효과성으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과로 기대되 는 연구의 함의점과 제한점을 논의하였다.