信號交叉路의 交通特性과 左回轉 禁止에 따른 運營效果에 관한 硏究

홍익상,공창환,정우영,임채문 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1993 産業技術硏究 Vol.12 No.-

This study analyzed the characteristics of the operation of left turns at intersections of the streets in Taegu City. The points of the study were as follows: increase of traffic capacity, decrease of delay time, and to do so this study aims at seeking a way for the most appropriate signal cycle and an effective way to operate intersections. The following are the results: 1st The arterials of Taegu City have a high rate of left turns, and yet are not divided into specific functions, which impairs the efficient use of the functions. It is required that a study be made on the way of utilizing the left turn to the maximum of the operational functions of signalized intersections. 2nd As traffic volume and left turn ratio increase, it was revealed that the optimum signal cycle and delay increased, adoption of efficient lanes was analysed to be most effective at the intersection which have a great of traffic volume and a high or rate of left turns. 3rd On the independent intersection in Taegu city, when left turn is prohibited, it may give poor approaches, but according to analyses this will bring a phenomenal decrease in the optimum signal cycle and delay.

조기 및 진행성 위선암종에서 염증반응에 대한 면역조직화학적 그리고 전자현미경적 연구

김환정,임성철,서재홍 조선대학교 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.1

Background and Object : Solid tumors progressively develop in parallel with a tumor stroma composed of new blood vessels, inflammatory cells and fibrosis Macrophages are a central component of this inflammatory reaction, and they can interact with the neoplastic as well as the stromal components of tumor tissue The "crophage balance' hypothesis was introduced to depict the ambivalent relationship between tumor and macrophages Macrophages might influence neoplastic growth and progression in opposite direction, with a prevailing protumor activity in the absence of therapeutic intervention in many neoplasms. Macrophages, when appropriately activated, are able to eliminate neoplastic target cells in vitro The killing of tumor cells by macrophages requires cell-to-cell contact, but little is known about the mechanisms by which tumor infiltrating macrophages exert their postulated effects in vivo The authors investigated the tumor-infiltrating cells in early gastric carcinoma and advanced gastric carcinoma and described the ultrastructural features and interactions of macrophages with tumor cells and other inflammatory cells Methods : Sections from 20 early gastric carcinomas and 56 advanced gastric carcinomas were stained by immunohistochemical methods for CD4, CD8, CD20, CD45 and CD68 Results : In all of the tumors, CD68-positive macrophages accounted for most tumor-infiltrating cells, followed by CD45-positive T lymphocytes, CD8-positive T lymphocytes &D4-positiveT lymphocytes in order of frequence The authors founded only a few CD20-positive B lymphocytes. Electron microscopy revealed macrophages with phagocytic vesicles and cellular debris The tumor cells in contact with macrophages showed no cymiddleathic changes Contacts among macrophages and other inflammatory cells formed a recurrent ultrastructural hallmark and suggest communication among various inflammatory cell types during the some host response to gastric carcinoma

cDNA array 방법을 이용한 망간에 노출된 흰쥐 뇌기저핵의 유전자발현 분석

이채관,노성민,문덕환,,김정호,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,김정원,김종은,안진홍,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis. Methods: For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 ㎎/㎏ B. W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ㎖) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 ㎎/㎏ B. W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reverse-transcribed in the presence of [α^(32)P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array Ⅱ and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression. Results: Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twenty-eight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap 1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap 1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose ( 0.2 ㎎/㎏ B.W./day). Conclusions: Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.

평면선형의 편구배에 대한 안전성 검토 : 고속의 도시부 가로를 중심으로

임채문,박준,홍익상,박영환 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.6 No.1

This study investigates fitness of horizontal alinement design elements that has been used in Korea. Those elements are analyzed in consideration of road environment, drivers' characteristics, and traffic condition. In addition, reformed superelevation formula is produced to be fit to the conditions in Korea by considering horizontal alinement design elements on the base of 'AASHTO'. The results are summarized as follow 1. According to drivers' cognition analyzed by Factor analysis, drivers regard that road safety and horizontal alinement elements are the most important facts. 2. Superelevation value which is produced from radius of road curve in research area is shorter than standard superelevation value. Therefore, we should revise and supplement the standard superelevation in aspect of drivers' safety. 3. Superelevation value analyzed by 85 percentile running speed shows higher value than critical superelevation value used in Korea. So, we should upgrade the critical superelevation value.

가로특성에 따른 용량 및 속도 Model 구축

임채문,공창환,이영우,홍익상 大邱大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究 Vol.5 No.3

The purpose of this study is to develop a simulation model to estimate the capacity and the speed, which are applicable in the urban street transportation planning, for interrupted traffic flow which is influenced by the signalized intersection, and to compare the model with the existinw models.

여행속도에 따른 Q-V관계식 산정에 관한 연구

임채문,정우영,공창환,홍익상 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1995 科學技術硏究 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study is to estimate a suitable traveling speed model based on using the traffic data collected by test-vehicle traveling method and the data on road geometric and operating characteristics. The conclusions of this study are as follows. In travel speed model(Q-V), regression model (V=9.635+0.0169L - 0.00045Q - 2.1926N, R²=0.76) the important independent variables are speed is closely related with distance, traffic volume and the number of traffic lane, form the result of speed-flow regression analysis, link travel speeds are influenced by link distance, traffic volume, and the number of lanes. As expectedly by the most significant factor influencing link travel speeds. The changing of traveling speed according to section distance is appeared large. According to the result of analysis of travel speed and traffic density model(Q-K), as according the that density increases the travel speed is decreases, on the other hand travel speed increases, the density decreases. The speed equation (u=68.72e^(-k/22.6)) is derived by form the Q-K relationships founded form the study, traffic volume increases as traffic speed increase up to the critical traffic density. If traffic volume decreases when traffic density is abduce the critical traffic density. Using Q-V equation estimated by regression analysis and Q-K equation estimated by density, Traffic value test was accomplished by computer program(TRANPLAN). There were difference between too test, however, the deviation was small. On case of using program, the application extent we considered, is between 25Km/h - 60Km/h. Traffic volumes obtained from TRANPLAN are governably 10% larger than traffic volume estimated form Q-K model. However the difference of the critical traffic density bow Q-K model and TRANPLAN, are relatively small. It is desirable to reduce traffic volume by 0.7∼9% over all, speed range when TRAPLAN is applied in Q-K relationship.

자궁내막증 판별에 대한 표지자로 β-catenin에 대한 연구

최종환,류려선,서재홍 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

Backgrounds: β-catenin, a member of the catenin family, is an adhesion molecule normally present in the sub-plasmalemmal cell membrane. It is abnormally transferred to the nuclei when the adenomatous polyposis coli pathway, on which it depends, is altered. Abnormal β-catenin expression is documented in fibromatosis, intestinal polyps and endometrial carcinoma. The diagnosis of endometriosis is usually straightforward. However, it may be difficult to distinguish between endometriosis and other entities when the epithelial component is scare. There is currently no other marker that helps support the diagnosis of endometriosis. Design: This study aimed at: (a) determining whether β-catenin can identify normal endometrial tissue (proliferative phases and secretory phases), and (b) Validating the potential utility of β-catenin in identifying the stroma and glands in endometriosis. In addition to 22 cases of normal endometrial tissue. We tested 46 cases of endometriosis using β-catenin antibody (clone 14, transduction Labs) via immunohistochemistry. Results: 43 out of 46 cases of endometriosis showed Co-expression of β-catenin on both the gland and storma (either nuclear or membranous pattern). In the remaining 3 cases, β-catenin's expression was only focal. The stroma in 21 out of 22 cases of normal endometrium was detected by β-catenin, showing either a membranous or nuclear signal. In only 1 case, the signal distribution was very focal. No of the internal negative control tissues (ovarian stroma, myometrium) showed any significant levels of β-catenin expression. Conclusion: This study shows that β-catenin can successfully detect the glandular and stromal components of endometriosis, with a striking contrast to surrounding tissue, resulting in a very 'clean' background. β-catenin, thus, has the potential of identifying these lesions in morphologically equivocal situations. The mechanisms of abnormal expression of β-catenin on the stroma of endometriosis is unclear, and warrants further investigations.

양성, 전암성, 암성 표피종양에서의 p21, p27 and β-catenin 발현에 대한 분석

류려선,최종환,서재홍 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

Analysis of p21, p27 and β-catenin protein expression in the non cancerous, precancerous and cancerous epidermal skin tumors. Background: The epidermal skin tumors encompass a wide range of non cancerous, precancerous and cancerous conditions. The pathogenesis of seborrheic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma is not well understood. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of p21, p27 and β-catenin in this lesions. Methods: Immunoperoxidase staining methods were applied to analyze p21, p27 and β-catenin expression in a total of 61 cases, including 21 seborrheic keratosis, 9 keratoacanthoma, 8 actinic keratoses, 6 Bowen's diseases and 17 squamous cell carcinoma. p21 is thought to mediate p53 signaling, induced by a DNA-damaged status, to arrest the cell cycle, the mechanism that controls p21 expression has not been clearly elucidated yet. p27 is a member of cip/kip family of cydin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which include the p21, p27, and p57 protein, the p27 protein is present in quiescent cells are stimulated by growth factors, a decrease or an absence of p27 protein expression has been suggested to be a powerful negative prognostic marker in patients with various malignancies, including breast, colon, and esophageal cancers. Results: p21 was expressed in 85.7% (18/21) of seborrheic keratsis, 33.3% (3/9) of keratoacanthoma, 75% (6/8) of actinic keratosis, 33.3% (2/6) of Bowen's Disease and 76.5% (13/17) of squamous cell carcinoma An increased expression of p21 was found 85.7% (18/21) of seborrheic keratosis. p27 was expressed in 100% (21/21) of seborrheic keratosis, 11.1% (1/9)of keratoacanthoma, 25% (2/8) of actinic keratosis, 83.3% (5/6) of Bowen's disease and 82.4% (14/17) of squamous cell carcinoma An increased expression of p27 was found 100% (21/21) of seborrheic keratosis. β-catenin expressed in 100% (21/21) of seborrheic keratosis 100% (8/8) of actinin keratosis, 100% (9/9) of actinic keratosis, 83.3% (5/6) of Bowen's disease and 88.2% (15/17) of squamous cell carcinoma in conclusion. Expression for p21 are low in seborrheic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma. In the seborrheic keratosis, strong expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Our results support that p21, p27 protein and β -catenin play a role in keratinocyte differentiation and tumorigenesis of skin lesion.

수입 외국산 모발세정용 화장품의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

문정아,문덕환,박명희,안진홍,김종은,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and preventing the health impairment due yo heavy metals in hair cleaner. Methods and Material : The author determined the concentration of heavy metals(Fb, fn, Cr, Ni and Cu) in hair cleaner with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows : 1. The mean concentration of heavy metals in total hair cleaner were 0.046㎍/g for Pt, 0.O67㎍/g for Mn, 0.069㎍/g for Cr, 0.046㎍/g for Ni, and 0.022㎍/g for Cu, respectively. 2. There was not statistically significant difference to mean concentrations of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by producing nation. 3. The highest mean concentration of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by type of use were 0.140㎍/g for Mn in sensitive hair cleaner(p<0.05), 0.053㎍/g for Cu in others products(p<0.01). 4. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by type of hair cleaner were high at 0.O54㎍/g for Pb in shampoo products(p<0.O5), 0.120㎍/g for Cr and 0.06㎍/g for Cu in combination products(p<0.01). 5. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by acidity were high at 0.056㎍/g for Pb, 0.124㎍/g for Cr, and 0.032㎍/g for Cu in alkali products (p<0.05). 6. Correlation coefficient of heavy metal concentration in hair cleaner were 0.175 for Pb and Cr, 0.165 for Pb and Mn, 0.824 for Cr, and Mn, 0.189 for Cr, and Ni, 0.406 for Cr, and Cu, 0.197 for Mn and Ni, and 0.375 for Mn and Cu(p<0.05). 7. Exposure amount of heavy metals per when we used lOg of hair cleaner (onetime using amount) were 0.46㎍ for Pb, 0.67㎍ for Mn, 0.69㎍ for Cr, 0.46㎍ for Ni, and 0.22㎍ for Cu, respectively. Conclusion : As above results, there was very low level concentration of heavy metal in hair cleaner but we are using the hair cleaner everyday, therefore we can exposed to heavy metals as cronic exposure so the author suggest to prepare the program of preventing the health impairment due to heavy metals.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.