부산지역 지하상가의 대기오염에 관한 조사연구

이채언,문덕환 한국대기환경학회 1989 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

제조업 산업장의 소음환경과 직업성 난청에 관한 조사연구

이채언,이종태,손혜숙,문덕환,조병만,김성천,배기택,김용완,Lee, Chae-Eon,Lee, Jong-Tae,Son, Hye-Suk,Mun, Deok-Hwan,Jo, Byeong-Man,Kim, Seong-Cheon,Bae, Gi-Taek,Kim, Yong-Wan 대한산업보건협회 1988 산업보건 Vol.5 No.-

In order to proffer the fundamental data for the better working environment and the effective establishment of hearing conservation program on workers exposed to industrial noise, author assessed noise levels on the 42 noisy processes among 84 manufactures of 9 industries and measured noise gearing loss by the type of industries on 3,104 workers at these noisy processes from March, 1986 to Februry, 1987. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The averge of A-weight sound level of 23 processes(54.8%) and the avergae of sound level at each octave band of 14 processes(33.3%) exceeded the permissible exposure limits in 8 hours per day. 2. The noise level was the highest in process of cocking of ship building(109.1dBA), and followed by plating of steel rolling(104.3dBA), rivet of manufacture of motor vehicles(102.5dBA), shot of ship building(98.5dBA), aciding(95.7BA) and steel tubing(95.0dBA) of steel rolling, weaving of textiles(95.0dBA). 3. The permissible exposure time for the average of sound level at each octave band was only 30 minutes in the process of cocking of ship building, plating of steel rolling and rivet of manufacture of motor vehicles. 4. As a result of audiometric examination in 3,104 workers, the rate of hearing loss over 50dB at 4,000Hz was 7.3%(227 workers) and the rate of hearing loss over 41dB at 60average method was 2.9%(89 workers). 5. The prevalence of occupational hearing loss in ship building and manufacture of motor vehicle was 5.2% and it was the highest among prevalence of these 9 industries. 6. As a result of this suvery, the noise control and gearing conservation program were required especially in the industry of ship building and manufacture of motor vehicle.

마르크스 가치이론에 있어서 닫힌 가치체계와 열린 가치체계

이채언 한국사회경제학회 2013 한국사회경제학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2013 No.-

이 글은 마르크스 노동가치 이론에서 아직 미해결로 남아있는 두 가지 과제를 해결하기 위해 씌어졌다. 하나는 생산에 투하된 노동량은 생산의 기술적 조건에 의해 결정되는 물리적 노동량일 터인데 어떻게 그것이 사회적 실체로 될 수 있는가 하는 문제이다. 다른 하나는 주식, 채권 같은 금융상품이나 선물이나 옵션 같은 파생상품의 투기적 거래에 대해서는 지금까지 노동가치 이론의 연구대상에서 다루지 않았는데 이는 금융자산의 가치들이 사회관계를 나타내는 실체로 될 수 없다는 말밖에 안 된다. 그러나 오늘날은 자산의 가치가 상품가치보다 사회적으로 더 중요한 의미를 지니지 있고 정부정책도 일반 상품가격의 변동보다 금융시장의 가격변동에 더 신경 쓰고 민감하게 반응하고 있다. 진정으로 사회적 실체와 관계를 연구하는 노동가치 이론이라면 당연히 자산시장에 대한 연구까지도 연구대상에 포함시켜야 옳다. 그래서 이 글은 위 두 과제를 한꺼번에 해결하기 위해서는 기존의 가치계산체계로서는 불가능하므로 생산과 교환이라는 상이한 두 측면을 함께 다루어야 한다는 의미에서 닫힌 가치계산체계와 열린 가치계산체계를 제시하였다. 닫힌 가치계산체계는 생산국면에서의 사회적 관계를 반영하는 것이지만 열린 가치계산체계는 일반적인 상품교환뿐 아니라 부동산거래나 금융상품 및 선물이나 옵션 같은 파생상품에 대한 투기적 거래까지도 전부 포함한 사회관계의 변화를 반영한다. ‘닫혔다.’는 말의 의미는 가치계산체계 속에 들어오는 상품대상을 현 시점에서 생산된 상품에만 한정하고 노동가치의 총량도 현 시점에 지출된 사회적 총 노동량에만 국한한다는 뜻에서이다. ‘열렸다’는 말의 의미도 가치계산체계 속에 들어오는 상품대상이 과거 및 현재에 생산된 상품을 거래하는 일반상품시장뿐만 아니라 미래에 생산될 상품을 중심으로 이루어지는 선물과 옵션, 과거에 생산된 상품이 거래되는 골동품시장, 중고품시장, 토지 같은 비(非)노동생산물(non-labor products)과 주식, 채권 같은 금융상품, 주식가격이나 채권가격의 변동에서 파생된 선물과 옵션까지 포괄하는 넓은 의미의 모든 자산시장을 다 포함하기 때문에 그 포괄범위나 가치의 전체크기도 미리 한정할 수 없다는 의미에서 그러하다.

供給經濟學의 理論體系와 패러다임에 관한 연구

李采彦 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1982 經營經濟 Vol.14 No.1

1. Introduction This article is to advance the theoretical foundation of the Supply Side Economics in the light of the Keynes's General Theory and of the macro rational expectation hypothesis. In this article, the discussion of the Supply Side Economics is confined to the major issues, such as Say's Law, Safety Trap and Tax cats. The alleged Safety Trap in the Supply Side Economics refers to the phenomenon that all the increments of income are spent on the purchase of goods, in particular the consumers'durable goods and gold. The above concept of Safety trap is a contrast to that of the Keyes's Liquidity Trap where the acquisition of gold was expressed as the hoarding of money in the gold standard system. In the Supply Side Economics the hoarding of gold is considered to be that of commodities became of the absence of the pegging system. Thus the inert piling up of money, ie. the element causing the discrepancy between saving and investment which is manifested in Keynes's General Theory, has been disappeard in the Supply Side Economics. Therefore the Safety Trap in the Supply Side Economics amounts to the arguing for the Say's Law, while Keynes's Luquidity Trap refutes its validity. Tax Cuts as an anti-inflationary policy instrument is well explained in the light of the macro rational-expectation hypothesis incorporated into the monetarists' model and of the taxflation due to the accounting theory. 2. Say's Law The alleged refutation of Say's Law by Keynes was not of original Say'Law but of Marshallian Say's Law which is the quantity theory of money, ie.the equivalence of necessity between saving and investment due to the ignorance of the role of money as a store of value. Keynes argued that by inert piling up of money, savings very well might not be borrowed or invested at all; the rate of interest consistutes not the price of savings but rather the price need to induce the owners of wealth to hold wealth in forms other than money. The original Say's Law: it is production and aggregate supply that create wealth and economic growth, people produce in order to consume; was unmistakable to Keynes. The novel Part of Keynes's theory centers on the thesis that it is principally tations are formed. Keynes said, in his concluding notes of General Theory : It may turn out that full employment can he reached with a rate of accumulation little greater than at present. In this event a scheme for the higher taxation of large incomes and inheritances might be open to the objection that it would lead to full employment with a rate of accumulation which was reduced considerably below the current level. (p.377) The tax burden, in the supply side economics, is defined as the production that is lost due to disincentives. Defict expenditures are, of course, the tax burden and not merely the government regulation of private enterprise but also the government role as a financial intermediary are included within the tax burden on the side of production. These are all the elements that form a wedge between demand and supply in factor markets. 5. Conclusion In this article, it is shown that the Supply Side Economics is to be interpreted to have its own theoretical foundation in the light of Keynes's General Theory and of the rational expectation hypothesis, even though it was initially formulated as mere policy proposal. The theoretical foundation of the safety trap was given by the employment of the method expounded in th Chap. 17 of Keynes's General Theory. The consistency of the Say's Law was supported by the Safety Trap, ie., the disappearance of the hoarding of money and capital assets which was served as a basis for the refutation of Marshallian Say's Law by Keynes. The argument that tax and gov't deficit must be regarded as a cost on the side of production, and as an element generating a cost-push inflation, was supported by the rational expectation hypothesis incorporated into the monetarists'model and with the taxflation due to the accounting theory which has no connection with the expectation hypothesis. Thus Say's Law may well operate in the the entire phase of the economy. The scientific truthfulness of the Supply Side Economics could not be denied in the light of the existing macro theories, especially of the Keynes's theory. However, even though I could not refuse the practical intelligence of the Supply Sifters, 1 could still doubt the practicability of the Supply Side Policy, for they are all rested on the incentive which is too fragile.

발달성 언어장애의 침 치료에 대한 최신 임상 연구 동향 - 중국 무작위 배정 임상연구를 중심으로 -

이채언,이지홍,최보윤,민예기,김서현 대한한방소아과학회 2025 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Objectives This study aimed to analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of acupuncture on developmental language disorders and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wangfang Med Online were searched using the following keywords: “developmental language disorder” and “acupuncture.” Ten RCTs were identified and analyzed for this study. Results Most studies showed a significantly higher total effective rate, Gesell Developmental Schedule score, and language function score in the acupuncture treatment group than in the control group. The most commonly used acupoints were EX-HN1 and GV24, followed by GB13, GV17, GB19, Speech area 1, Speech area 2, Speech area 3, GV20, PC8, HT7, PC6, CV23, Niesanzhen, BL23, GV14, KI3, GV15, and CV22. Conclusions Based on the results of the RCTs analyzed in this study, acupuncture was effective in treating developmental language disorders. However, additional well-designed clinical trials are required to confirm the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of developmental language disorders.

부산지역 주민의 사망양상에 관한 조사연구

이채언,김준연 釜山醫師會 1987 釜山醫師會誌 Vol.23 No.10

최근 우리나라 10대 사망 원인의 변동 : 1980~1986년 사망신고 자료를 중심으로

이채언,조병만,문덕환,김성천,배기택,김용완 인제대학교 1989 仁濟醫學 Vol.10 No.1

사망 신고 자료를 중심으로 1986년도의 10대 사인 순위를 1980년도 및 1983년도와 비교함으로써 최근 우리나라 10대 사인의 변동을 관찰하였다. The authors observed the changing patters of 10 major causes of death from 1980 to 1986 by comparing of the order of 10 major causes of death in 1986 with that of 1980 and 1983. The results were summarized as follows : 1.The order of 10 major causes of death in 1986 was 1st. cerebrovascular disease (16.3%) 2nd. motor vehicle traffic accident (6.6%) 3rd. chronic liver disease & cirrhosis (5.7%) 4th. malignant neoplasm of stomach (5.3%) 5th. poisoning & toxic effect (5.0%) 6th. suicide (3.6%) 7th. tuberculosis (3.3%) 8th. hypertensive disease (3.2%) 9th. accidental fall (3.0%) 10th. malignant neoplasm of trachea bronchus & lung (2.2%). 2.There was some changes in the order of causes of death in both sex : the order had been continuously ascended in motor vehicle traffic accident, descended in hypertensive disease ; accidental fall and malignant neoplasm of trachea bronchus & lung appeared in 10 major causes of death, bronchitis emphysema & asthma, pneumonia excluded from 10 major causes. 3.In male, there was a similar changing patterns in the order of causes of death with that of both sex, but in female there was a little difference : the order had been continuously ascended in malignant neoplasm of stomach, motor vehicle traffic accident and descended in hypertensive disease ; diabetes mellitus, accidental fall appeared in 10 major causes of death and pneumonia excluded from 10 major causes. 4.In the age group of 0-14 years, the order had been continuously ascended in leukemia, descended in pneumonia, meningitis with the appearance of accidental fall in 10 major causes of death and the exclusion of cerebrovascular disease, tuberculosis from 10 major causes. In the age group of 15-44 years, the order of cerebrovascular disease descended and the order of motor vehicle traffic accident showed ascending tendency with the appearance of accidental fall in 10 major causes of death and the exclusion of hypertensive disease, pneumonia from 10 major causes. In the age group of 45-64 years, the order had been continuously descended in hypertensive disease, suicide and the order of motor vehicle traffic accident showed ascending tendency with the appearance of accidental fall in 10 major causes of death and the exclusion of bronchitis emphysema & asthma from 10 major causes. In the age group over 65 years, the order had been continuously ascended in malignant neoplasm of trachea bronchus & lung, descended in pneumonia with the appearance of ischemic heart disease in 10 major causes of death and the exclusion of poisoning & toxic effect from 10 major causes. 5.In both urban and rural areas, the order had been continuously ascended in motor vehicle traffic accident, descended in hypertensive disease with the appearance of accidental fall, malignant neoplasm of trachea bronchus & lung in 10 major causes of death and the exclusion of bronchitis emphysema & asthma, pneumonia from 10 major causes.

마르크스 價値理論에서의 個別價値, 社會的 價値, 市場價値 및 市場價格의 關係

李采彦 서울大學校經濟硏究所 1998 經濟論集 Vol.37 No.2

勞動價値는 抽象的인 노동량을 단위로 하고 있기 때문에 현실의 貨幣表示 市場價格과 아무 관련이 없는 것처럼 오해되어 왔다. 이 글은 노동가치와 현실의 시장가격을 연결하는 이론적 제개념들의 논리적 구조와 이론적 관계를 해명한 것이다.

병영사고 유발요인 추출에 관한 실증적 연구

이채언,김광용,Lee, Chae-Eon,Gim, Gwang-Young 한국국방경영분석학회 2006 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 군내 사고에 영향을 주는 관련요인 추출을 위한 연구로서, 장교 및 부사관 227명과 병 300명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 3개의 개인적 요인, 3개의 사회적 요인, 3개의 부대내적 요인 등 9개 요인을 추출하였다. 추출된 9개 요인을 독립변수로 하고, 4개의 군 사고유형을 종속변수로 하여 회귀분석한 결과, 여러 요인들이 군내 사고를 설명하는데 매우 유용하다는 것을 발견하였으며, 특히 부대내적 요인이 군내 사고를 설명하는데 있어 매우 중요하였다. 본 연구 결과는 군내 사고예방을 위한 조기경보 시스템에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to extract relavant factors that affect military accidents. A survey was conducted for 227 officers and noncommissioned officers and 300 private soldiers. The survey results extracted 9 important factors that cause military accidents, including 3 troop factors, 3 social environment factors, and 3 personal character factors. Through a regression analysis using these 9 factors as independent variables and 4 types of military accidents as dependent variables, several factors were found to be very useful to explain military accidents. The findings of this study can be used to develop an early warning system for military accidents reduction.

맑스의 왜곡된 극복

이채언 전남대학교 사회과학연구소 1994 현대사회과학연구 Vol.5 No.1