정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

우리나라 의과대학의 통합강의에 관한 연구

조성일,김보경,최진영 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

The aim of this paper is to analyze the educational program that focused on the block lecture system of 41 medical colleges for 10 years in Korea. The data were obtained from Korean Medical Education Condition from 1988 to 1998. The major findings were as follows; 1. Throughout past 10 years, the mean of lecture hours per college had been decreased(-164 hrs) and mean of the laboratory hours increased(+223 hrs). Therefore, total lecture hours had been increased during the period. 2. Thirty-two colleges have performed the block lecture as an educational program. According to the established years of the colleges, those started before 1980 showed much more hours and courses of block lecture than those after the time. 3. In the colleges with the courses of block lecture, the rate of lecture and laboratory hours was 44.2% and 55.8%, respectively. 4. In the colleges with block lecture program, the mean number of the courses was 8.5; mean of credits per college was 19.8; the mean of lecture hours per course was 51.5; and lecture hour per credit was 23.3. 5. Among the courses, the respiratory was the commonest and held at 23 colleges. The gastroenterology was held at 22 colleges and was the biggest in nationwide sum of lecture hour(2056 hrs). The neuroscience was the longest in mean of lecture hours(144 hrs). 6. The maximum number of the courses was 42. In conclusion, the scale and time of block lecture were increased in 1998 than in 1988 at medical colleges in Korea. And with the basis of this trend and socioeconomic situation of this country, the block lecture will be a main program at medical colleges in Korea.

淡水湖의 淡水化 過程에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ)

趙炳辰 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

Salinity and the other water quality investigations were made for the Namyang fresh water lake which was firstly constructed in our country, around 10 years before, to assure the irrigation water resource for the surrounding agricultural areas. The freshening processes were traced by using the electronic computer computation based on the Minami's analytical model for a standard fresh water lake after construction of a desalinization culvert. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. As the results of the salinity and the other water quality investigations at the pumping station site the salinity was varied season to season ranging from 1,100 ppm to 6,000 ppm which was far above the standards of irrigation water quality for paddy. However, disolved oxygen, suspended solids, biochemmical and chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen. total phosphate, heavy metals such as lead, copper were within the tolerance of irrigation water quality standards. 2. Average electrical conductivity of surface water during the irrigation season at the pumping station was 1,800 ppm, and that of the suction pipe elevation was 2,400ppm. The deeper the water depth, the more the salinity was found. The fresh-salt water layer existed 3-5 meters below the water surface near the middle of the sea dike. 3. As the results of the desalinization process computation, allowable salinity of 1,000 ppm can be expected 2 years later after the installation of a desalinization culvert. However, higher salinity conditions was found from time to time after 3 years, which seems to be due to lack of inflow during the drought years.

이질 환경을 위한 XML 미들웨어 시스템 연구

진병률,정지문,최성,우성구 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

최근 들어 기존에 존재하는 많은 서로 다른 형태의 데이터를 통합, 저장, 접근하고자 하는 노력들이 급속히 늘어나고 있다.또한 웹을 중심으로 한 많은 응용들이 등장하고 있다.앞으로는 웹상에서 정보 전송 및 처리에 사용되는 데이터는XML이 표준화 될 조짐을 보임을 보인다.이에 이질 환경을 위한 XML 미들웨어 시스템으로 XWEET를 웹 환경에서의 XML을 잘 처리하기 위한 시스템으로 제안하고자한다.

경막외 혈종에서의 시야결손과 CT소견

조병일,하영수,강준기,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1982 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.11 No.4

The evidence of infarction within the territory of the posterior cerebral artery could be diagnosed clinically using follow-up CT scan in while it has been pathologically well proved entity when the tentorial herniation occurred particularly in cases of head trauma with intracranial hematoma, although its incidence was generally within 10%. Visual field defects in traumatic intracranial surface hematomas have been proposed as result of the compression of posterior cerebral artery or anterior cheroidal artery and directly optic tract or visual cortex. Authors experienced the infarction of occipital and temporal lobe on CT scans and the homonymous hemianopsia in 3 cases of 20 epidural hematomas after CT was available. The case histories and CT findings of the infarction were detailed and discussed. It may be stressed that the careful examination and frequent follow-up CT scan are performed even in epidural hematoma.

3년제 보건계학과 현장실습의 효율적 운영방안

조경진,박영선,박지환,이병기,정순희 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1997 保建科學硏究論集 Vol.6 No.1

For the the enhancement of educational efficiency in on-site training of 3-year health college program, the authors perofrmed a survey. From the survey result the authors came to conclusions as follows, The duration of training in the health college programs should be extended as one year through the extension of length of study. Evaluations in training sites were thought to be unreasonable, and therefore the evaluation system should be improved or newly developed. Educators in colleges are also urged to participate in various workshops to catch the new theory and changing technologies. All health alleges should try to expand their experimental facilities and equipments. Securing suitable training places is very difficult for some colleges located in small cities. At this point the governmental meddling is keenly required to ease the situation. Each training place must prepare its own educational program on which the educators can execute schedules. Training fee is another intricate matter for both collegs and training places. Some criteria for the amount per trainee and proper paying methods should be suggested in the earliest time. Considering the highly sophisticated equipment and higher wages for the manpower within the laboratories and relevanat places, the education in managerial aspects should be included in the programs. To enhance the effiency in the trainings, the student's daily report should be practical one not formalistic, and opportunities to handle the sophisticated equipments should be given to the trainees, and paying the careful consideration to trainees would be desirable.

연극교육에 있어 교과계획, 교수법 및 평가 과정에 대한 교육론적 고찰

조병진 청주대학교 학술연구소 2004 淸大學術論集 Vol.2 No.-

Since early 1900's, the ideas of making use of drama/theatre as a teaching medium has been spreaded, and tried out in school and for some special social education. The result is to conform its positive and efficient function as educational media. Then the circular processes of education are consisted of the three steps of curriculum planning, pedagogy and evaluation, and it is needed that the threes one another preserve coherent characters in educational level. The curriculum planning models can be classified into two categories, central planning and openness. The former is the widely used and accepted model which is characterized by an essential reliance on 'cold', objective analysis of objective needs and strategies. Also presents the characteristics divorcing from the reality of the learning, process which regarded as essentially exploratory, responsive and social. The planning of teaching should be based not so much on an often diversive discussion of 'aims', but on the use of the more pragmatic device of viewing classroom action in terms of specific teacher intention in relation to observed practice. This kinds of planning, so called openness, would contain whin it a consideration of both instructional and expressive objectives. It is concerned with helping theatre teachers in school increase their effectiveness in teaching. In any consideration of teaching we must not only discuss 'the what' but also 'the how' of teaching. Teachers who wish to improve their practice consider the practical problem in an education system which encourages the teaching style of 'learning by student' but positively discourages 'learning by teachers', and a number of 'discovery-based' teaching models. Evaluation can be classified into two areas of evaluation and assessment. Evaluation is employed in looking at work in the expressive frame. It is summative, objective, instructional, behavioral and prescriptive. In the area of evaluation a numerical value can be given. On the other hand, assessment is used to look at the quality of drama /theatre work in the meaning frame. The criteria for assessment is descriptive, invitational and evocative. Evaluation contains the implications of 'a danger that students will only be exposed to that kind of drama/theatre work which the teacher knows well and can construct criteria', ‘impling a pre-arranged by teacher and narrowly defined curriculum of drama work’, impling a sense of finish or no more spontaneous development. Also summative evaluation looks only at the surface, and encourages teachers to ignore the dynamic power of group. Assessment is formative, that is, cumulative and on-going. It therefore is required that teacher has to make time to maintain an assessment journal in which he notes student progress, his diagnosis of student problems, and an assessment of his own work.

자가 산부식 프라이머의 적용시간이 상아질의 미세인장 결합강도에 미치는 영향

조영곤,이영곤,김종욱,박병철,김종진,최희영,진철희,유상훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.5

This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems. Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. μTBS was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Test. The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased μTBS to dentin.

SVD 알고리즘 및 HMM을 이용한 얼굴 및 눈 패턴 검출

진경찬,김명남,신장규,손병기,조진호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

The studies about automatic pattern detection of the eye and face from the human image acquired by the CCD image sensor have good applicabilities in the industry, home automation, and data communication field. In general, pattern detection method consists of feature based matching and template matching. In feature based matching, the feature vector is extracted with DLM(dynamic linking matching), EBGM(elastic bunch graph matching), HMM(hidden markov model) matching and knowledge based matching using statistical characteristics. In template matching, in general, the template vector is extracted with PCA(principal component analysis). When these method applied in the face and eye detection, each method has its own merits and some disadvantage. Therefore, by combined utilization of SVD(singular value decomposition) and HMM algorithm, is expected that we can selectively make use of each methods advantage and it result in improved detection accuracy. In this paper, we proposed the method for face and eye detection, which was combined by the two algorithms, to be suitable for the high speed image processing using DSP chip or microprocessor. In the beginning, template matching was followed by a template extraction using batch SVD algorithm and then face pattern was classified and recognized by HMM algorithm which is one of feature based matching technique. Finally, eye pattern detection was performed by pattern search neural network utilizing eigeneye image.

실험극 연출가들의 공연 공간 활용 스타일에 관한 연구

조병진 청주대학교 학술연구소 2008 淸大學術論集 Vol.10 No.-

In process of theatre production, the issue on the performance space comes to be one of most important themes to consider. It further leads to a serious discussion about the subjects of staging method and the relationship between performer and spectator. The goal of theatre production can be classified into three directions of 'showing the performance' to spectacor in conventional stage aesthetic way, 'sharing together an experience' through the performance, and of containing both of the two forms. The first form is based on the fourth wall tradition which cuts the spectator off from the stage. In the second form production, the fourth wall is removed. The third accepts the Environmental Theatre idea which considers the audience as 'scene-maker' as well as 'scene-watcher.' Most of the experimental theatre productions since 1960s display the tendency going with the idea of the Environmental Theatre in staging. The word performance space means the place where the performer and the audience can stay together simultaneously, or the theatre in a modern sense where both of the stage and the auditorium are equipped. According to structural shape or form, the theatre, also called playhouse, may be classified into more than eight kinds. They are 'Arena Stage' developed in ancient Greece, 'Circle Stage' of ancient Rome, 'Open Stage' popularized in sixteenth century Elizabethan dynasty England, Prosceniumarch Stage made first in 1618 Italy, Thrust Stage, Hybrid Stage, Flexible or Multiple Stage changeable into several forms, and Multi purpose Theatre, etc. Staging style can be applied in various ways in accordance with the goal of the the theatre production. For the 'showing cord' theatre the staging style of cutting the audience from the stage might be usable. To compare with that it sometimes will be effectual to use the style of seeing the audience as a co-ordinater helping performance activity as well as performer. And the last style accepting both showing and sharing cord in most case makes use of staging idea based on Environmental Theatre concept. The idea of Environmental Theatre begins from the view point of making no distinction between the audience and the performer. Environmental Theatre artists consider all people within the performance space as a performance environment. Therefore every thing and people become to participate into the performance, and to develop performance action through interaction between them. Many of experimental theatre directors pursue the primitive performance forms in ancient age which recognize work and play on a same level without separating arts from dailylfe. For this reason it becomes to be necessary to change the staging idea. After all they run to use various kinds of natural places for the performance space, such as auditorium, garage, street, parking lot, city park, mountain ridge, and sea side, etc. For the directors and groups who show the above experimental tendency, there are Judith Malina and Julian Beck's 「The Living Theatre」, Peter Schumann's 「The Bread and Puppet Theatre」, Meredith Monk's 「The House」, Laura Farabough and Christoper Hardman's 「The Snake Theatre」, 「Squart Theatre」, Richard Schechner's「Performance Group」, etc. Key Word : 공연 공간(performance space), 체험 공유(sharing experience), 함께하기 구조(doing cord), 환경연극(Envronmental Theatre), 탈현대 실험극(experimental-postmodern theatre)