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최진영,김진형,Ajit Mahadev Patil,김성범,Erdenebileg Uyangaa,Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain,어성국 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.3
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is neuroinflammation characterized by uncontrolled infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). We previously demonstrated exacerbation of JE following CD11chi dendritic cell (DC) ablation in CD11c-DTR transgenic mice. Moreover, CD11chi DC ablation led to abnormal differentiation of CD11b+Ly-6Chi monocytes and enhanced permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in promoting the progression of JE. Here, we examined changes in lymphoid and myeloid-derived leukocyte subpopulations associated with pro- and anti-inflammation during JE progression. The analyses of this study focused on regulatory CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), IL-17+CD4+ Th17 cells, and CD11b+Ly-6Chi and Ly-6Clo monocytes. CD11chi DC ablation resulted in the accumulation of IL-17+CD4+ Th17 cells in the CNS, thereby leading to lower ratio of Tregs to Th17 cells. This result was corroborated by the higher expression levels of IL-17 and RORgT in CD4+ T cells from the brains of CD11chi DC-ablated mice. In addition, CD11chi DC-ablated mice showed higher frequency and total number of inflammatory CD11b+Ly-6Chi monocytes, whereas CD11b+Ly-6Clo monocytes were detected with lower frequency and total number in CD11chi DC-ablated mice. Furthermore, CD11chi DC ablation altered the phenotype and function of CD11b+Ly-6Clo monocytes, resulting in lower levels of activation marker and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10 and TGF-b) expression. Collectively, these results indicate that CD11chi DC ablation caused an imbalance in CD4+ Th17/Treg cells and CD11b+Ly-6Chi/Ly-6Clo monocytes in the lymphoid tissue and CNS during JE progression. This imbalanced orchestration of pro- and anti-inflammatory leukocytes following CD11chi DC ablation may contribute to the exacerbation of JE.
鏡巖 應允의 기문 연구 ― 사찰과 암자에 대한 기문을 중심으로 ―
최진영 동양고전학회 2021 東洋古典硏究 Vol.- No.85
조선 후기로 들어오면서 승려들이 남긴 기문은 양적으로 크게 증가하였다. 기본적으로 조선시대 승려들의 문학 활동은 사대부들과의 교류를 목적으로 이루어지는 경향이 있었고, 몇몇 사대부들은 그것을 긍정적으로 보진 않았지만 실질적으로 교류가 이루어졌던 것도 사실이다. 그 결과 이전에 비해 승려들의 문집에 다양한 장르의 시문이 실리게 되었다. 그리고 사대부 계층이 주로 향유했던 몇몇 문학 장르에 대해서 그 필요성이 대두되었고, 또 효과적으로 활용되었다. 그 중 대표적인 것이 사찰이나 암자에 대한 기문이라고 할 수 있다. 경암 응윤은 18세기 말 지리산을 중심으로 활동했던 승려이다. 그가 남긴 시문집인 『鏡巖集』에 실려 있는 사찰이나 암자에 대한 기문은 모두 14편으로, 조선시대 승려 문집을 통틀어도 그 수가 상당히 많은 편이다. 경암이 남긴 사찰과 암자에 대한 기문을 살펴보면, 사찰이나 암자의 위치에 대해서는 있는 그대로 설명하고, 주변의 풍광을 그려낼 때에는 사대부가 쓴 ‘遊山記’ 속 사찰에 대한 묘사를 떠올리게 할 만큼 미려한 문장으로 묘사하고 있다. 다만 사찰이나 암자의 이름에 대해서는 다양한 사료를 활용하여 그 근거를 찾아내고 있으며, 참고할 만한 사적이 없는 경우에는 여러가지 추정을 통해 전고를 확보하려는 노력을 한다. 그리고 사찰이나 암자에 전해지는 설화를 가감없이 수용하는 모습을 보이는데, 이는 기문이라는 장르에 국한되지 않고 사찰이나 암자에 대한 이야기를 좀더 풍성하게 만들어 주는 역할을 가짐과 동시에 기문이 가지는 전고로써의 역할에 충실하려는 모습을 엿볼 수 있다. In the late Joseon Dynasty, the number of articles left by monks increased significantly in quantity. Basically, the literary activities of monks during the Joseon Dynasty tended to be carried out for the purpose of interaction with the noblemen, and some noblemen saw it positively, but it is also true that exchanges took place practically. As a result, poems of various genres were published in the writings of monks compared to before. In addition, the necessity emerged and was effectively used for some literary genres that the aristocrats mainly enjoyed. One of the most representative of them is the writing about temples and hermitages. Gyeongam Eungyun(鏡巖 應允) was a monk who was active around Jirisan Mountain in the late 18th century. There are 14 articles about temples and hermitages in Gyeongamjip(鏡巖集), a collection of poems left by him, and the number is quite large among the collections of Buddhist monks during the Joseon Dynasty. Looking at the articles about temples and hermitages left by Gyeongam, they explain the location of temples and hermitages as they are, and describe them in beautiful sentences that remind you of the description of temples in the ‘遊山記’ written by the noblemen when drawing the surrounding scenery. However, for the name of a temple or hermitage, various historical materials are used to find the basis, and if there is no historical site to refer to, efforts are made to secure the temple through various estimates. In addition, it shows the appearance of accepting stories handed down to temples and hermitages without addition or subtraction, which is not limited to the genre of articles, but also plays a role in enriching the story of temples and hermitages, while at the same time trying to be faithful to the role of articles.
최진영,Ruye Cong,Martino Angelica,전지윤,이호춘,박재희,박현호,이창섭 대한화학회 2023 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.44 No.10
Si is a next‐generation ideal anode material for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high‐theoretical capacity (4200 mAh/g) and natural abundance. However, severe volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formation during lithiation/delithiation, and poor electron conductivity have significantly restricted the commercial application of Si. In this study, transition metal‐coated Si was synthesized and used as the anode material of LIBs. The transition metal salt of Ni was dissolved in an aqueous solution and used to coat the metal surface of Si nanoparticles. The coating was achieved by dropwise addition of metal solutions into Si dispersions. Thereafter, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were grown on the transition metal‐coated Si nanoparticles via chemical vapor deposition method. The morphologies, compositions, and crystal quality of transition metal@Si/CNFs composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical characteristics of the hybrid anodes were investigated using a coin cell and battery tester. Voltage profile measurements at 0.1 A/g of 0.02 M‐Ni@Si/CNFs composite showed satisfactory initial Coulombic efficiency of 85.6%; 0.01 M‐Ni@Si/CNFs composite exhibited high initial capacity of 1300.9 mAh/g retained to 828.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles, corresponding to 63.7% capacity retention. Even at high current densities, the 0.02 M‐Ni@Si/CNFs composite delivered 342.78 mAh/g of capacity at 5 A/g. This work realizes a Si‐based hybrid anode from Ni‐coated Si catalyst used for direct CNFs synthesis with a stable SEI layer, superior initial Coulombic efficiency with satisfactory cycle and rate performance suitable for commercialized advanced battery applications.