한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

흰쥐의 방사선 피폭후 생물학적 지표로서의 혈액효소

김진규,김상복,김국찬,천기정,김인규,박효국,이강석 대한방사선 방어학회 1993 방사선방어학회지 Vol.18 No.2

생물학적 선량평가를 위한 생화학적 지표 연구로서 흰쥐 혈액내 효소활성도의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) Alkaline phosphatase 활성도는 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy의 방사선 조사후 24시간까지 혈액내 활성도가 증가하였고 72시간 경과시에는 대조군과 비슷한 활성도를 보였다. Creatine kinase는 2, 4 Gy 방사선 조사후 혈액내에서 활성도에서 활성도가 72시간까지 증가하였으나 0.1, 0.25Gy, 0.5 Gy 방사선 조사시에는 커다란 변화를 보이지 않았다. 2) Malate dehydrogenase 활성도는 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy 방사선 조사시에는 커다란 변화가 없었으며 lactate dehydrogenase는 방사선 조사후 활성도가 감소하였다. 3) GOT의 활성도는 선량률 0.1Gy/min.로 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy 조사후에는 어떠한 변화도 없었으며 선량률 0.5 Gy/sec.로 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy로 조사후에는 증가현상을 보이고 있다. Acid phosphatase 활성도는 상기의 어떠한 선량에서도 나타나지 않고 있다. 잠재적으로 이러한 효소들은 방사선 피폭의 지표물질로 사용될 수 있으며 생화학적 지식과 기술을 이용한 좀더 나은 지표물질을 찾기 위하여 계속적인 조사가 필요하다. Enzyme activity changes in rat blood as biochemical indicator useful for evaluating exposure dose were experimentally studied. The experimental results obtained are as follows: 1) Alkaline phosphatase activities increased in the blood serum until 24 hours after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy irradiation and its activities returned mormal condition after 72 hours of post-irradiation. Creatine kinase activities increased in the blood serum until 72 hours after 2 and 4 Gy irradiation but any significant activity changes were not detected after 0.1, 0.25 Gy irradiation. 2) Malate dehydrogenase activities did not reveal available changes changes after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation and lactate dehydrogenase activities decreased in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation. 3) Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity changes were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy(0.1 Gy/min.) and GOT activities increased after 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy(0.5 Gy/sec.). Any acid phosphatase activities were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy(0.1 Gy/min.) and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy(0.5 Gy/sec.) irradiation. Potentially some of these enzymes can be used as indicator protein for radiation injury. Futher investigation is needed to find better biochemical indicatiors utilizing recent knowledge and techniques of biochemistry.

혼화재 및 폴리프로필렌섬유의 사용에 따른 콘크리트의 품질변화에 대한 기초적 연구

김정섭,손순채,조창호,최진석,김민국 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2001 建設技術硏究 Vol.21 No.1

This study is to identify the effect of using admixture and polypropylene fiber on the quality of concrete. The results of the changes in the quality of concrete that has not yet hardened and concrete that has hardened is as follows: 1. Depending on the proportions of admixture, the greater the fly ash content and the lower slag and silica fume, the greater the slump. Admixture and polypropylene together contributed to increased slump. 2. The more fly ash, slag and silica fume added, the less the air. 3. After 360 days of age, greater fly ash content contributed to a lower compressive strength, while greater slag added to higher compressive strength. Silica fume shows a high compressive strength when 10% of silica fume was added on the 360th day of age. 4. Tensile Strength at 360 days of age, the less fly ash and the more slag, the higher the tensile strength. Silica fume at 360 days of age increase strength when the mixing proportion was 30%. 5. The more fly ash and the less slag and silica fume that were mixed, the greater the fire resistance. When added to and polypropylene fiber, the fire resistance of concrete of no effect. 6. The more fly ash and silica fume, the more carbonation shown and when there was only 10% slag present, the neutralization was also shown.

비·부비동 양성 종양의 임상적 고찰

김진국,신향애,임채형,장현종,심대보 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

Background and Objectives: Benign tumors of the nose and paranasal sinues are rare in comparison with malignant growths. Authors aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of benign sino-nasal tumors. Materials and Methods: From 1994 through 2004, 25 cases of benign sino-nasal tumors (17 men and 8 women) were diagnosed and cared at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konkuk University. We reviewed medical records of patients to find out clinical features, radiologic findings, operative findings, therapeutic options, and outcomes. Postoperative observation was given for fifteen months on the average. Results: The most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal mass, frequent nasal bleeding, headache, and rhinorrhea, and the mass mainly placed in the lateral nasal wall. There were 12 cases (48%) of inverted papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of squamous papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of hemangioma, 1 (4%) case of pleomorphic adenoma, 1 (4%) case of leiomyoma, 1 (4%) case of lipoma. All the tumors were surgically removed. For the treatment of inverted papilloma, medial maxillectomy had been performed before 1997(2 cases); however, most cases have been managed with endonasal endoscopic technique since 1997. Recurrence was observed in two patients with inverted papilloma and one patients with squamous papilloma. Conclusion: Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumor in the nose and paranasal sinuses, followed by squamous papilloma and hemangioma. The optimal management of benign tumors is complete excision of tumor and endonasal endoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for an inverted papilloma.

대학 스포츠센터 회원의 학교생활에 대한 인식분석

김진국,김종백 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study was to find out for how percept the school life who registered sport centers in university and to present developmental strategy for sport centers and university. The population of this study comprised customers of university sports center in Seoul and Kyonggi-do. Also, samples of this study Ware collected by using convenience sampling method. Total 400 questionnaire were presented but 365 were actually analysed. The questionnaire Was considered to be reliable since the Cronbach"s index were from .6912~.8576. To analyze the raw data, the statistical method used in this study was independent t-test, Frequency analysis, Factor analysis, one way ANOVA, Scheffe's post-hoc test. Based on aforementioned research method, the results can be as Follows: First, according to Perception Difference analyze focused on see, for school life, there are no significant difference. Second, according to Perception Difference analyze Focused on major for school life, there are significant difference between study Factor and school mate Factor. third, according to Perception Difference analyze focused on grade for school life, there are significant difference between study factor and school mate factor. fourth according to Perception Difference analyze Focused on used period For school life, there are significant difference between study factor and health promotion factor.

비내시경을 이용한 안와 내벽 골절 정복 2예

김진국,남태욱,임채형,김재영,김정석 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

Traditional surgical approaches to orbital medial wall fractures are either extraocular skin incision or indirect bicoronal flap. However these methods can leave remarkable orbital scar or scalp alopecia with possible complications. Endoscopic intranasal visualization of the medial orbital wall and lamina papyracea is a technique familar to otolaryngologists. This endoscopic view allows confirmation of fracture of medial orbital wall and herniation of orbital contents. Good visualization of the fracture can facilitate the anatomic reduction of orbital contents and the proper placement of orbital implant. Two cases of medial orbital wall fracture repaired by intranasal endoscopy using silastic sheet are reported.

解體主義 批評과 韓國文學 : A Deconstructive Analysis of Lee Sang's 「Wing」 李箱의 「날개」의 解體論的 接近

金鎭國 圓光大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

Ⅰ. Preface This study aims to understand the Deconstruction of Jacques Derrida, which is the most up to date theory of philosophy and Literature, and analyse Lee Sang's 「Wing」through the Deconstructive criticism in order to assess the ability and the possibility of it to Korean literature. Ⅱ. Theory of Deconstruction 1. The meaning of deconstruction Deconstruction does not show A new Truth. It is a new strategy of reading books. Derrida defines the traditional philosophies from Plato to Heidegger the Metaphysics of presence and tries to deconstruct all books which have been written on it. This deconstruction means overturning the hieraricl binary opposition (eg. nature/culture, mind/body, reason/emotion, object/subject, order/disorder, god/man, essence/phenomenon, /etc.) which are the ways of traditional metahpysics. It does not try, however, to make a new hirarical opposition system. 2. Deconstuction of structuralism 1) Deconstruction of Saussure's semiology. Derrida's deconstruction of Saussure's semiology is decisive position in all projects of deconstruction. Saussure criticize. Logocentrism through the arbitranic relation of signifier and signified. But he does not maintain his theory that signs have meanings in difference from other signs in a linguistic system to the end of his semiology. He thinks that there is a hierarical opposition between speech and writing. Derrida says both speech and writiong are the species of arch-ecriture in which differance operates between language and meaning. 2) deconstruction of Levi-Strauss's Structuralism Levis-Strauss perceived that the insights of structural linguistics could be applied to other languages or signifing systems in th effort to dlucidate their underlying codes. Derrida reads Levi-Strauss as an heir to both Sassure's phonocentrism and Roussean's hostalgic craving for origins and presence. Writing in Levi-Strauss's sense is a merely derivative activity which always supervenes upon a culture already written through theforms of social existence. In this case Deconstruction is the active accomplice of a repressed but already articulate writing. 3. Deconstruction of Phenomenology. 1) Deconstruction of Husserl's phenomenology. Husserl's phenomenology sets out to isolate those structures of experience and judgement which can not be doubted or called into question by even the most skeptical mind. Husserl believed that the onely valid foundation for knowledge was and attitude that accepted nothing on trust, rigorously suspending or bracketing all ideas and assumptions. What Derrida fastenes on to in Husser's various texts is the element of subjectivism which he sees still at work once the transcendental reduction has been carried through. His argument turns on Husserl's treatment of the relation between language and thought. Husserl draws a carkinal distinction between the indicative and the exprissive signs. Derrida deconsructs this distinction by showing the two signs are originaly and indicative sign. 2) Deconstruction of Heidegger's ontology. Martin Heidegger was German philosopher who exercised a powerful influence on modern existentialist and hermeneutic thought. One of Derrida's most typical strategies for achieving the suspention of concepts comes from Heidegger's textual practice This is the device of placing word sous rature. Thus Derrida and Heidegger seem to pursue very similar deconstructive end. Their difference opens up at the point where Heidegger locates the source and ground of anthentic though : that is, in the moment of Being or plenitude which precedes articulate discourse. For Derrida this can only represent another classic case of the familiar metaphysical hankering after thuth and origins. Heidegger's entire hermeneutic is founded on a notion of truth as self-presence which ultimately seeks to efface the play of signification. Ⅲ. Deconstructive Criticism 1. Deconstruction of the Traditional critical conceptions The notion of literature of literary discourse is involved in several of the hierarchical oppositions : serious/nonserious, literal/metaphorical, truth/fiction. philosophy produces a purified language which it can hope to describe by rules that literature would disrupt if it had not been set a side. If serious language is a special case of the noserious, if truths are fictions whose fictionality has been forgotten, then literature is not a deviant, parasitical instance of Language. On the contrary, other discourses can be seen as cases of a generalized literature, or archi-literature. 2. Reading Strategies of Deconstruction. 1) The critic look out the asymetrical opposition or value-laden hierarchy, in which one term is promoted at the expense of the other. The question for the critic is the second term does not prove to be the condition of possibility of the first. 2) The critic look for points of condensation, where a single term brings together different lines of arguement or set of values. 3) The critic has an interest in anything in the text that counters an authoritative interpritation, including interpretations that the work appears most emphatically to encourage. 4) The critic has an interest in the way conflicts or dramas within the text are reproduced as conflicts in and between readings of the text. 5) The critic involves attention to the marginal, the unimportant elements in a text. Ⅳ. A Deconstructive Reading of「Wing」 1. Metaphysicality of the traditional Readings of「Wing」 The historical readings, the psychoanalytical analyses, The Formalistic analyses, and the thematic readings of「Wing」operated on the metaphysics of presence. 2. The Deconstructive writing of「Wing」 1) Disseminations of signs in「Wing」 The signs, <Dostoevski's mind>, <Hugo is a piece of Freuch bread>, <feeling is pose>, and <If a tape is broken blood flows>, in「Wing」are disseminating signs. we can not define the meanings of them. They are the indeterminable signs. 2) The series of tellings and showings of「Wing」is a constant seqeence fo overturnings. The author deconstructs a textual element by a following textual elements. For example, <I sleep night and day> ?? <I see the night is much luxurious than the day>, <I am embrassed> ?? <I am happy>. This device of writing comes from the intertion of the author that he does not want it to be work of logocentrism.

Polyimide의 합성을 위한 5,15-bis(mesityl)-10,20-bis(4-amino)porphyrin 및 (5,15-bis(mesityl)-10,20-bis(4-nitro)porphyrin Zinc (Ⅱ)의 합성

김휘성,이민호,이진국 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

최근 많은 관심을 집중시키고 있는 광전자재료용 고분자의 제조를 위해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 광전자재료용 고분자를 연구하는데 있어서 특수한 기능성을 갖는 monomer의 합성이 필수적이며, 이번에 본 연구그룹에서 합성한 porphyrin은 최근 많은 주목을 받고 있으나 고분자로 도입하는 합성방법에 있어 2 관능성을 갖게 만드는데 어려움이 있고 가격이 상당히 비싸 고분자를 전공하는 사람들이 이것을 이용하는데 많은 어려움을 가지고 있었다. 금번 본 연구그룹에서 합성한 방법은 고분자에 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 형태의 porphyrin을 합성하는 방법이고 이것을 ??, UV, GC-MASS 등을 통하여 확인하였으며, 이것을 이용하여 고분자를 중합하고 특수한 기능성을 부여한 신고분자의 합성을 목표로 하고 있다. There have been many researches on the preparation of photonic-electronic polymers. For the preparation of them it is necessary to synthesize materials that have special functionalities. Porphyrins that we synthesized are taken much attention from polymer chemists. But the method of synthesizing porphyrin is very difficult. For polymerization, every monomer has to have two functionalities. But having two functionalities on porphyrin needs high chemistry. It is expensive, too. Our group could synthesize this material with special method, which can be easily applied to polymer backbone. Porphyrin was charactrerized with ??, UV and GC-MASS. Our goal is making new polymers that can be applied to special functionalities-having polymers.

連續 Slab 構造로 된 合成 Prestressed Concrete I-Beam 道路橋의 最大適用徑間

金炅燦,徐鎭國 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1990 연구보고 Vol.18 No.1

Prestressed concrete highway bridges are often constructed with deck slabs placed continuous over several spans of simply supported precast beams. Composite action for live load arising from such construction enables the economization of the precast beams in the from of reduced section for given spans or extended spans for given sections. This paper calculated the maximum permissible spans for precast beams of standardized sections, and observed that the placement of deck slabs continuous over two and three spans of simply supported precast beams results in the extension of permissible spans by 10∼15% and 8∼13% respectively over simply laid construction, the smaller the percentage for the longer span. An algorithm for the calculation of maximum permissible spans for simple, 2-span and 3-span continuous slab construction is introduced for precast beams of given sections.