정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

우리나라 의과대학의 통합강의에 관한 연구

조성일,김보경,최진영 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

The aim of this paper is to analyze the educational program that focused on the block lecture system of 41 medical colleges for 10 years in Korea. The data were obtained from Korean Medical Education Condition from 1988 to 1998. The major findings were as follows; 1. Throughout past 10 years, the mean of lecture hours per college had been decreased(-164 hrs) and mean of the laboratory hours increased(+223 hrs). Therefore, total lecture hours had been increased during the period. 2. Thirty-two colleges have performed the block lecture as an educational program. According to the established years of the colleges, those started before 1980 showed much more hours and courses of block lecture than those after the time. 3. In the colleges with the courses of block lecture, the rate of lecture and laboratory hours was 44.2% and 55.8%, respectively. 4. In the colleges with block lecture program, the mean number of the courses was 8.5; mean of credits per college was 19.8; the mean of lecture hours per course was 51.5; and lecture hour per credit was 23.3. 5. Among the courses, the respiratory was the commonest and held at 23 colleges. The gastroenterology was held at 22 colleges and was the biggest in nationwide sum of lecture hour(2056 hrs). The neuroscience was the longest in mean of lecture hours(144 hrs). 6. The maximum number of the courses was 42. In conclusion, the scale and time of block lecture were increased in 1998 than in 1988 at medical colleges in Korea. And with the basis of this trend and socioeconomic situation of this country, the block lecture will be a main program at medical colleges in Korea.

전기화상후 Prostaglandin F2a와 Thromboxane B2의 증가에 대한 Flurbiprofen, Prednisolone 및 Gabexate mesilate의 억제효과

조병채,김인규,변진석,백봉수 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.1

This study was conducted to clarify the inhibitory effect of flurbiprofen, prednisolone, and gabexate mesilate on the synthesis of prostaglandin F2a and thromboxane B2 in the tissue of electrical burn. one hundred sixty Sprague-Dawley rats, 250gm of body weight in average, were divided into 4 groups of control, flurbiprofen, prednisolone and gabexate mesilate administred group. Fourty rats of the each group were subdivided into 1st, 2nd, 4th, 7th postburn day with 10 rats in each subgroup. Ten rats were used for normal values of prostaglandin F2a and thromboxane B2. Flurbiprodfen 30mg/kg was given per mouth, and prednisolone acetate 5mg/kg and gabaxate mesilate 50mg/kg were administred intramuscularly 5 minutes after burn injury and then once a day. All but bone tissue of within 2cm area of the current entry were harvested and ground into homogenate. The levels of prostaglandin F2a and thromoboxane B2 were measured by Radioimmunoassay. The results were as followings: In normal rat tissue, the level of prostagland F2a and thromboxane B2 were 15.8±1.8 and 17.6±2.8ng/mg protein in each. In the control group the levels of both prostaglandin F2a and thromboxane B2 increased abruptly to 5 times and 7 thimes in the first day and maintained the same level in the second day. After then they rapidly decreased and returned to a near normal level in the fourth day. The increase of thromboxane B2 was more remarkable than that of prostaglandin F2a. In the flurbiprofen group, the level of thromboxane B2 was not inerease but kept at a normal level. The average level of prostaglandin F2a in the post-burn first and second day was 59.5% lower than of the control group. The average level on the post-burn first and second day was 61% lower in thromboxane B2 and 33% lower in prostaglandin F2a in the prednisolone group, and 68% lower in throboxane B2 and 48% lower in prostaglandin F2a in the gabexate mesilate group, compared to the control group. These findings suggest that electrically injured tissue is vigrously progressive due to rapid increase of thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin F2a, as inflammatory mediators, in the post-burn first and second day, is nonprogressive after the post-burn fourth day. The flurbiprodfen was the most effective of the three drugs(flurbiprofen, gabexate mesilate, prednisolone in order of effectiveness) to suppress the synthesis of thromboxane B2 prostaglandin F2a of the electrieally injured tissue.

단일 단계 접착제의 변연 미세누출

조영곤,정진호,기영재,최희영,진철희,유상훈,김종욱,박병철 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.2

This study evaluated the marginal microleakage of five single step adhesives. Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of the single step adhesives and composite resins: Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z-250 (Group 1), AQ Bond/Metafil CX (Group 2), One-Up Bond F/Palfique Toughwell (Group 3), Futurabond/Admira (Group 4), Xeno III/Spectrum TPH (Group 5). The restored teeth were thermocycled. Microleakage was assessed by dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye solution. The teeth were bisected buccolingually and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope. The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Microleakage of enamel margins in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 1, 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05) 2. Microleakage of dentin margins in group 1 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 5, and that in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 3. Dentin marginal microleakage was higher than enamel marginal microleakage in all experimental groups. In conclusion, Prompt L-Pop showed the least leakage at enamel margin, and AQ Bond showed at dentin margin in this study. Marginal miroleakage in dentin was higher than that in enamel.

淡水湖의 淡水化 過程에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ)

趙炳辰 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

Salinity and the other water quality investigations were made for the Namyang fresh water lake which was firstly constructed in our country, around 10 years before, to assure the irrigation water resource for the surrounding agricultural areas. The freshening processes were traced by using the electronic computer computation based on the Minami's analytical model for a standard fresh water lake after construction of a desalinization culvert. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. As the results of the salinity and the other water quality investigations at the pumping station site the salinity was varied season to season ranging from 1,100 ppm to 6,000 ppm which was far above the standards of irrigation water quality for paddy. However, disolved oxygen, suspended solids, biochemmical and chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen. total phosphate, heavy metals such as lead, copper were within the tolerance of irrigation water quality standards. 2. Average electrical conductivity of surface water during the irrigation season at the pumping station was 1,800 ppm, and that of the suction pipe elevation was 2,400ppm. The deeper the water depth, the more the salinity was found. The fresh-salt water layer existed 3-5 meters below the water surface near the middle of the sea dike. 3. As the results of the desalinization process computation, allowable salinity of 1,000 ppm can be expected 2 years later after the installation of a desalinization culvert. However, higher salinity conditions was found from time to time after 3 years, which seems to be due to lack of inflow during the drought years.

현대스포츠의 상업화의 현상과 발전 방향

조동진,김병희 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2001 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

This study is carried out to find the change brought about by the commercialism on sports. In addition, we try to find the course of the future development of sports based on the current influence of the commercialism. The followings are the findings we have got from this study. First, despite significant contributions to sports, commercialism also brought about confusion in the value system and the morality of sportsmanship, thus distorting the essential values of sports itself. Therefore, it is needed to emphasize the importance of ethics education in sports, such as fair-play and sportsmanship. Second, the mass media have played an important role in fund raising, popularizing sports and technological development for sports. However, the commercialism immersed in the mass media has over-emphasized the importance of the popularity of a certain areas of popular sports, so that other areas have been isolated from the interest of people, and consequently disadvantaged in their development in terms of humans and financial resource. Without the balanced attitude of the media, the balanced development of the sports in general will be impossible. Thirdly, the commercialization of sports will raise the interest of the people on the qualify of life, which in turn will help develop the health-related industry in the production and marketing of sports equipments. With this fact in mind the educational institutes should have an eye on an interdisciplinary program of physical education and business administration in order to produce experts in marketing of sports-related products. Fourth, as tourist business will become one of this nation's basic industries in the 21st century, and sports being an irreplaceable element of it, it is needed to establish a close rotation between sports and tourism. Furthermore, if we focus on the fact that Korea is surrounded by sea, one of the most important factors in the future of tourism is the maritime tour development. Therefore, as seen in the examples of other countries, maritime-related sports and tourism development will become a main subject of policy in the future. Fifth, the future development of sports is expected to move forward to techno-sports and eco-sports. An over-commercialized sports has the danger of being harmful to the ecology. An appropriate measure should be taken to balance the commercialization of sports with the environment, friendly development of sports by minimizing the negative by-product of the future development, especially in the outdoor sports.

경막외 혈종에서의 시야결손과 CT소견

조병일,하영수,강준기,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1982 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.11 No.4

The evidence of infarction within the territory of the posterior cerebral artery could be diagnosed clinically using follow-up CT scan in while it has been pathologically well proved entity when the tentorial herniation occurred particularly in cases of head trauma with intracranial hematoma, although its incidence was generally within 10%. Visual field defects in traumatic intracranial surface hematomas have been proposed as result of the compression of posterior cerebral artery or anterior cheroidal artery and directly optic tract or visual cortex. Authors experienced the infarction of occipital and temporal lobe on CT scans and the homonymous hemianopsia in 3 cases of 20 epidural hematomas after CT was available. The case histories and CT findings of the infarction were detailed and discussed. It may be stressed that the careful examination and frequent follow-up CT scan are performed even in epidural hematoma.

자가 산부식 프라이머의 적용시간이 상아질의 미세인장 결합강도에 미치는 영향

조영곤,이영곤,김종욱,박병철,김종진,최희영,진철희,유상훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.5

This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems. Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. μTBS was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Test. The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased μTBS to dentin.

삼각연극의 창시자 메레디즈 몽크의 실험성

조병진 청주대학교 학술연구소 2004 淸大學術論集 Vol.3 No.-

Meredith Monk has tried to purify contaminated modern society with her magical, theatrical techniques of performing arts. She negated the conventional concept of traditional Western theatre or dance, instead sought to find her own theatrical languages, isolating herself from the main stream of post-modern dance, centering around the movement of the Judson Dance Theatre. By doing so, she gained a freedom to use any theatrical elements, including everyday objects or technological equipment. Applying non-verbal acting like gesture, mime, vocal sound and everyday activity to her works, she destroyed the boundary of theatre and dance and created her works, and unique techniques for performing arts. She extended the concept of theatre space to that of everyday life, and in many her works considered the spectators as an important theatrical element which could change the environment of performances. Spectators participated in a sense of community as a part of the performance when they were carried by a bus from one performance place to another, followed from scene to scene, or moved freely around a performing area to see events. By contrasting the opposite worlds of reality and fiction, Monk created a surrealistic atmosphere in her works, wakening the spectators to hidden, unconscious aspects of existence.

대학 부설 환경 연구소의 운영 실태

조병진,오경환,박기민 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1993 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.1 No.1

The actual administrative conditions of the environment research institutes attached to the universities and colleges were investigated by means of the questionnaire to propose the reference data for the reasonable and effective management of them. The majority of them were established after 1981, and half of them are unregistered. The retention rates of the full-time researchers and the attendants was 55%, and that of the official facilities was high, but the equipments for analysis and measurement were poorly furnished as 15%. Annual mean amounts of the fund for management and research are less than ten million and more than thirty million won, respectively. Therefore their major roles are limited to consultations, supervising academic conferences, and collecting research materials because of the fund limitations. Half of them distribute their own publications, and subscribe for few scientific journals regularly. There are many obstracles in the management of institutes such as lack of funds, deficient administrative support of the college authorities, deficiencies of full-time researchers, attendants, and equipments for analysis and measurement.