서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

스퍼터로 제작된 WO₃박막의 CMP 광역평탄화 특성

이우선,고필주,최권우,정수복,최창주 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.2

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process has been widely used to planarize dielectric layers, which can be applied to the integrated circuits for sub-micron technology. Despite the increased use of CMP process, it is difficult to accomplish the global planarization of in the defect-free inter-level dielectrics (ILD). We investigated the performance of WO₃ CMP used silica slurry, ceria slurry, tungsten slurry. In this paper, the effects of addition oxidizer on the WO₃ CMP characteristics were investigated to obtain the higher removal rate and lower non-uniformity.

Oxide-CMP 연마 특성 개선을 위한 실리카 슬러리 온도 영향 분석

이우선,고필주,최창주 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.2

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) Process has been widely used to planarize dielectric layers, which can be applied to the integrated circuits for sub-micron technology. Despite the increased use of CMP process, it is difficult to accomplish the global planarization of in the defect-free inter-level dielectrics (ILD). In this paper, we have investigated slurry properties and CMP perfbrmance of silicon dioxide (oxide) as a function of different temperature of slurry. Thermal effects on the silica slurry properties such as pH, particle size, conductivity and zeta potential were studied. Moreover, the relationship between the removal rate (RR) with WIWNU and slurry properties caused by changes of temperature were investigated. Therefore, the understanding of these temperature effects provides a foundation to optimize an oxide CMP process for ULSI multi-level interconnection technology.

스퍼터로 제작된 WO ₃박막의 CMP 광역평탄화 특성

이우선,최창주,고필주,최권우 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.1

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process has been widely used to planarize dielectric layers, which can be applied to the integrated circuits for sub-micron technology. Despite the increased use of CMP process, it is difficult to accomplish the global planarization of in the defect-free inter-level dielectrics (ILD). we investigated the performance of WO_(3) CMP used silica slurry, ceria slurry, tungsten slurry. In this paper, the effects of addition oxidizer on the WO_(3) CMP characteristics were investigated to obtain the higher removal rate and lower non-uniformity.

Furfural 어류급독성 및 조직병리에 관한 연구

이철우,최성수,최필선,이상협,이길철,박광식 한국환경독성학회 1997 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Furfural, an organic solvent, is widely used as synthetic component material in producing chemical products. However, furfural has been reported that it shows strong toxicities to human being showing intense stimulus to skin, eyes, mucous membrane and nerve system. It is also known to cause anemia, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure and genetic toxicity in the human being working in the exposed area. LD50 of furfural for peritoneal injected mouse has been known around 20mg/kg, but the acute toxicity on aquatic organisms such as fish, daphnid or algae are not well known, compared to those on rodents. In this experiment, we studied on the fish toxicity of furfural using Japanese Meclaka (Oryzias latipes) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). We also observed histological changes in the fish organs. The LC50s were 12.8 mg/L in Japanese Medaka and 21.8 mg/L in Common Carp, respectively. When Common Carps were exposed to 120 mg/L of furfural concentration for 30 minutes, blood congestion in gills and lysis of secondary lamella were shown. Though the muscle of caudal fin was not completely eroded, its epidermic cells were shown to be necrotic in various parts. Tissue atrophy and cell necrosis were also shown in the liver of Common Carps exposed to furfural. From these results, furfural seems to cause histological damages on liver, an internal organ as well as on external organs such as gills and fins eventhough the fish were exposed for a short-term.

CMP 실리카 슬러리 노화 현상에 대한 연구

이우선,최권우,고필주,서용진 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.1

As the integrated circuit device shrinks to the smaller dimension, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was required for the global planarization of inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer with free-defect. However, as the IMD layer gets thinner, micro-scratches are becoming as major defects. Micro-scratches are generated by agglomerated slurry, solidified and attached slurry in pipe line of slurry supply system. It is well known that the presence of hard and larger size particles in the CMP slurries increases the defect density and surface roughness of the polished wafers. In this paper, we have studied aging effect the of CMP slurry as a function of particle size. We prepared and compared the self-developed silica slurry by adding of abrasives before and after annealing. As our preliminary experiment results, we could be obtained the relatively stable slurry characteristics comparable to original silica slurry in the slurry aging effect.

契約과 믿음: 그 政治經濟學的 意味의 再吟味

李弼佑 建國大學校 經濟經營硏究所 1998 商經硏究 Vol.23 No.2

Much has been discussed on contact in conventional literature but to great extent much less on trust. This paper is attempted to enquire the significance of contract and trust for political economy and to interprete them in terms of moral philosophy. Some recognitions, based on the angle of social sciences of this study are as follows : Firstly, social contract was emerged and dominating in the western societies, whereas in the Eastern North Asian countries it was mostly introduced from the West. Instead of contract, in the Eastern North Asian region, conventionally and traditionally trust as social habit dominated. Secondly, trust is found to be a presupposing background for the social contract to be effectively peformed. The latter as a legal conception presumes a moral convention that refers to trust, Otherwise, social contract remaims only in rhetoric. Thirdly, under the legal conception of social contract, individuals mostly seeking self-interest tend to behave in accordance with marginal interest so as to escape the legal sanction, To natural consequence, it results in many sorts of socially undesirable events, such as corruption, cheating, disqualified production and commodity, unjust link between politics and economics, and so on. All this kind of socially unjust behaviors prevailing in modern societies could be diminished by providing social trust with belief among different individuals and groups that would foster cooperation and agreement which is likely to function for effective social contract. Lastly but not least, on the basis of recognition that trust is of vital significance for political economy, we would suggest to provide with a morally benevolent market order, which is basically grounded on mutual belief and trust among different constituents of modern society. This kind of morally benevolent market order would be proposed as a prime normative value for the realization of successful globalization in the 21st century.

국어과 협동 학습의 의미와 방법

이재승,정필우 청람어문교육학회 2003 청람어문교육 Vol.27 No.-

이 글은 국어과 협동 학습의 중요성과 구체적인 방법을 다루고 있다. 협동 학습은 한 마디로 일정한 구성원들이 공동의 학습 목표를 설정하고 그 목표에 도달하기 위해 동등한 입장에서 책무를 가지고 문제를 해결해 나감으로써 구성원 모두에게 유익한 결과를 산출해 내고 결과에 대해 공동의 평가를 강조하는 학습 형태이다. 이렇게 협동 학습은 공동의 목표를 갖는다는 점, 구성원 모두가 동등한 입장이라는 점, 개인의 책무성이 강조된다는 점, 모두에게 유익한 결과를 산출하고자 한다는 점, 결과에 대해 공동으로 책임을 진다는 점 등에서 일반적인 학습 형태와는 구별된다. 이 글에서는 국어과에서 협동 학습법의 뜻과 그 중요성을 다루었다. 그런 다음 국어과 협동 학습법을 적용할 때 유의해야 할 원리를 제시했다. 이는 학교 현장에서 협동 학습을 적용하는 데 하나의원리가 될 수 있을 것이다. 이어 국어과의 협동 학습법의 유형으로 배분 학습법, 상호 교수법 등을 제시했다. 그런 다음 각 협동 학습법을 적용할 때의 지도 절차를 살펴보았다. 그리고 협동 학습법의 적용에서는 교수 학습 과정안을 제시함으로써 협동 학습법의 적용 모습을 그려보는 데 도움이 될 수 있게 했다. Korean Language Learning can be achieved by the interaction of the Language among the students. Just as Vygotsky pointed out, the importance of 'social language' and 'role of adult and peer', Korean learning process can be done by the talking with the able student or a teacher, and by the established scaffolding which they communicate between little master and student, between a teacher and students. Accordingly, Cooperative Learning makes students play active roles in their Korean Language Learning.. Because one of the traits of Cooperative Learning is that the member of the group are from heterogeneous groups, Cooperative Learning evokes language interaction actively. 'Teaching According to students level' which the Seventh Korean Language curriculum point, aims individual teaching on the ground of the homogeneous traits of the student. But the social interaction of language which can be active among the heterogeneous groups will be diminished if we devide the student into able and poor group.

양측성 전정장애 환자들의 전정기능검사

이근호,김재일,정필섭,전범석,이광우 대한신경과학회 1996 대한신경과학회지 Vol.14 No.4