Nanogenerators: Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 19/2010)

Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>

A Basic Study on Leaf and Stem Production of Angelica acutiloba

Choi,Seong-Kyu,Yun,Kyeong-won,Chon,Sang-Uk,Lee,Jong-Ill,Seo,Young-Nam,Seo,Kyoung-Sun,Choi,Kyeong-Ju 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.3

This study was conducted to develop effective production system in greenhouse for leaves and stems of Angelica acutiloba by using connect pots in 2003 and 2004. Seed germination rate and plant biomass of Angelica acutiloba collected in 2004 were higher than those harvested in 2003. Germination rate of Angelica acutiloba seeds collected in 2003 was 10%, while germination rate of seeds collected in 2004 was above 90%. Especially, plant growth and yield of Angelica acutiloba grown in connect pots sized with 4×4×5cm(length×width×height) were the highest. These results indicate that leaf and stem production of Angelica acutiloba can be improved by using connect pots and optimizing seed collecting time in greenhouse.

化卉의 消費形態에 관한 硏究

崔圭晧,裵相源,金昶佑 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

The purpose of this survey is to investigate and analize the status of flower consumption by city households so that it can provide basic materials for the development of horticulture industry. For this purpose, one thousand housewives were questioned living in six large cities : Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Inchon, Kwangju and Taejon. The results of the analysis are as follows; 1. The most favorite cut flowers by season were rose, carnation and freesias in spring: roses and gypsophila paniculate in summer : chrysanthermum in autumn : gypsophila paniculate, roses chrysanthemums and lilies in winter. 2. The uses of cut flowers was mostly for gifts(58.4%), and that of pot flowers was mostly for home decoration. 3. flower shops were the most popular place for buying cut flowers(59.5%), followed by wholesale markets(22.5%) and street stalls(16.2%). In the case of pot flower, wholesale markets were the most favorite place(32.4%), street stalls(27.9%), flower shops(24.8%), and farm houses(11.9%). The survey showed that consumers frequent a shopping place because of 'easy accessibility', and 'various varieties in stock' in the case of cut flowers and, in that of pot flowers, 'easy accessibility' and 'low price' were the main resons in the case of pot flowers. 4. The purchase frequency rate by seson for cut flowers was that 'regardless of season' was 58.1% and 'spring', 28.9%. For pot flowers, 'spring' 58.9% and 'regardless of season' 33.6%. For the day of the week cut flowers were bought most open, Saturday came first with 34.2%, Monday and Sunday followed with 27.0% and 15.5% respectively. On the other hand, Sunday came first with 42.3%, Saturday(32.5%) and Monday(8.3%) took the second and third place respectively for pot flowers When it came to the purchase time of the day for cut flowers, 31.8% of the respondents bought then between ten and noon and 21.8% between four and six in the afternoon. 5. concerning the average amount of money spent at one time for cut flowers, 33.3% of the respondents said 3,000won to 5,000won and 23.2% replied 5,000won to 10,000won. While 36.8% answered that they paid 5,000won to 10,000won and 23.5% said 3,000won to 5,000won for a pot flowers. 6. Relating to the demand of flower stores, 28.8% wanted 'low price' : 27.9%. requested 'clear markings of the prices' : and 26.4%, wanted 'abundant commodities'

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

Aspergillus oryzae를 이용한 캡슐형 메주의 품질특성

최재훈,권선화,이상원,남상해,최상도,박석규 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

전통메주의 표면에서 발행하는 야생곰팡이 착생, 유해곰팡이에 대한 mycotoxin 생성 및 메주 표면의 과도한 건조 등을 해결하기 위하여 메주 외층에 Aspergillus oryzae로 만든 쌀 종국(0.3%, w/w)을 혼합시킨 증자 검정콩으로 얇게 코팅한 후, 25℃, 상대습도 80%에서 14일간 발효시킨 캡슐형 메주를 개발하였다. 캡슐형 메주의 표면에서 야생곰팡이의 오염은 발견되지 않았으나, 대조구 메주는 12일 이후에 푸른곰팡이가 많이 관찰되었다. 메주의 수분 함량은 평균 32.7%로서 34.7~29.4%의 범위를 나타내었다. 적정산도는 캡슐형 메주가 대조구 메주보다 높게 나타났으며, 대두 캡슐형 메주와 검정콩 캡슐형 메주는 비슷하게 나타났다. 유리당의 함량은 검정콩 캡슐형 메주가 123.98㎎%로 대조구 메주 15.02㎎%와 대두 캡슐형 메주 59.85㎎%보다 각각 10배, 2.1배, 높게 나타났다. 아미노산성 질소의 함량은 대조구 메주에서 147.00㎎%였으며, 검정콩 캡슐형 메주는 255.50㎎%로서 대두 캡슐형 메주 187.25㎎%보다 약 1.37배 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 총 유기산의 함량은 캡슐형 메주(대두 119.98㎎%, 검정콩 95.94㎎%)가 대조두 메주(26.44㎎%)보다 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 캡슐화에 따라 lactic acid와 malic acid 가 가장 큰 변화를 나타내었다. 색차계 색도는 검정콩 캡슐형 메주가 대두 캡슐형 메주보다 명도값(L)이 크게 나타났으며 지방산 조성은 메주의 종류에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 총 유리 아미노산의 함량은 검정콩 캡슐형 메주(1039.70㎎%)가 대두 캡슐형 메주 (556.07㎎%)와 대조구 메주(236.45㎎%) 비하여 각각 2.4배, 4.4배 높았다. In order to improve some problems such as contamination of undersirable mold, mycotoxin production and excessive drying on the surface of traditional meju, we developed a capsule type-meju(CM) coated with steamed black bean and Aspergillus oryzae - rice koji(0.3%, w/w) mixture to surface of traditional meju and fermented at 25℃ for 14 days under 80% relative hunmidity. Contamination of undersirable mold on the surface of CM was not detected within 2 weeks and some genus Penicillium molds on control meju without koji were found naturally after 12 days of fermentation. The moisture content of meju was showed to be in the range of 34.7 - 29.4% being 32.7(w/w) of mean value. Titratable acidities in CMs prepared with black bean(BCM) and soybean(SCM) were much higher than that in control meju, and BCM was similar to SCM. Free sugar content in BCM(123.98 ㎎%) was 10 times and 2.1 times higher than that in control meju(15.02 ㎎%) and SCM(59.85㎎%), respectively. Amino type nitrogen content in control meju was 147.00 ㎎% and its content in BCM(255.50㎎%) was 1.37 times higher than that in SCM(187.25 mg%). Total organic acid content in BCM(95.98㎎%) and SCM(119.98㎎%) were much higher than that in control meju(26.44 ㎎%), and then latic and malic acid contents were markedly changed according to capsulation of meju. Lightness value(l) of Hunter color index was much higher in BCM than in SCM. Fatty acid composition of CM was not different as compared to control meju. Total free amino acid content in BCM(1039.70 ㎎%) was 4.4 times and 2.4 times higher than that in control meju(236.45 ㎎%) and SCM(556.07 ㎎%), respectively.

환율 변동성 예측 모형의 실증분석 -원/달러 환율을 중심으로-

최생림 ( Sang Rim Choi ),형남원 ( Nam Won Hyung ) 한국국제경영학회 2003 國際經營硏究 Vol.14 No.1

Various volatility forecasting models were tested and compared using shor-term and long-term Korean won/US dollar exchange rates. EWMA model, like in other previous research, shows better estimates than GARCH-type time series models in short-term. In long-term analysis, the relative dominance of EWMA model decays rapidly and the power of FIGARCH model, among other GARCH models, proves to be superior due to its long memory reflecting mechanism.

상생발전을 위한 수직·수평적 세수공유제도 도입 방안

임상빈 ( Lim Sang Bin ),최원삼 ( Choi Won Sam ) 한국지방세학회 2015 지방세논집 Vol.2 No.2

지속가능한 지방자치 발전을 위해서는 안정적인 세입이 확보되어야 한다. 그러나 우리나라 지방자치는 재정측면에서 중앙국가에 종속되어 있고, 자주 세원은 서울 경기에 편중되어 있어 독립된 지방자치로 발전해 나가지 못하고 있다. 지방의 재정이 중앙에 종속되어 자주재원이 부족한 지방자치단체는 이전재원 확보를 위해서 서울 사무소를 운영하는 등 이전재원확보 경쟁에 나서고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 비도시 지역인 농어촌 지역의 경우 인구의 고령화에 따라 인구가 점차 감소하고 있고 노령인구 증가에 따른 사회복지 수요는 매년 빠르게 증가하고 있어 지방재정의 어려움이 가중되고 있다. 본 연구는 서울 경기에 편중된 취득세와 국세의 중요 세목인 법인세를 세수공유 하는 일정 성장률 이상 세수 증가분은 지방으로 이전하게 하는 제도를 설계함으로서 수도권의 재원이 지방세 이전될 수 있는 시스템을 구축하여 비수도권에서 안정적으로 세입을 확보하고 중앙과 지방, 수도권과 비수도권이 서로 상생할 수 있는 세수공유 시스템을 구축해 보고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 세수공유 시스템을 통해서 정상적인 세수보다 증가하는 이상적인 세입 증가가 발생하는 경우 이를 지방으로 이전시킴으로써 경기변동 및 부동산 시장의 변동에 따른 추가 세입분을 공유할 수 있게 하여 수도권과 비수도권 모두가 상생할 수 있는 제도적인 구조를 구축하는 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 공헌점은 지방자치단체가 직면한 인구고령화라는 사회적인 문제에 선제적으로 대응하기 위한 방안으로 상호협력을 바탕으로 하는 세입분야의 세수공유를 통한 혼합재정 조정 방안을 제시하였다는데 그 의미가 있다. For the sustainable development of local government, it should be ensured a stable revenue. Korea local governments rely on the central government in terms of financing. Local governments are competing to obtain central government grants. The population is decreasing gradually but the welfare needs is increasesing because of elderly population increase. As a result, local financial difficulties is increasing. This study targeted the tax revenue sharing for win-win strategy between the central and local governments. The central government and local governments can help each other through tax revenue sharing. Urban and rural areas also can help through tax revenue sharing. This study proposes Mixed tax revenue exchange sharing Model. This model helps getting a stable revenue for local governments by mitigating rapid changes in economic cycles and property market. Contributions of this study is to present win-win model between the central and local governments. That is good solution for an aging society.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

우리나라 노인여성의 골다공증성 척추골절로 인한 경제적 부담 추계

강혜영,강대룡,장영화,박성은,최원정,문성환,양규현,Kang, Hye-Young,Kang, Dae-Ryong,Jang, Young-Hwa,Park, Sung-Eun,Choi, Won-Jung,Moon, Seong-Hwan,Yang, Kyu-Hyun 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives : To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. Methods : From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women ${\geq}50$ years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," such that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with ${\geq}$ one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. Results : During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. Conclusions : Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.

동종 골수 이식한 백혈병에서 단반복 유전자로 살펴본 혼합 키메라 현상의 의의

장대영,이정신,서철원,이규형,이제환,지현숙,박찬정,한면수,최동원,김정균,최성준,김성배,김상위,김우건,김상희 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1998 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.3 No.1

연구배경 : 동종 골수 이식한 백혈병에서 키메라 현상의 분석은 착상, 질병 재발과 이식 거부를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 최근 STR을 PCR로 증폭한 검사법에 의해 매우 민감하고 유용하게 혼합 키메라 현상을 검출할 수 있다고 보고되고 있으나, 이 방법의 민감도와 임상적 의의는 아직 완전히 정립되지는 않았다. 따라서 PCR-STR검사법이 혼합 키메라 현상을 민감하게 검출하는지 보고, 동종 골수 이식 후 혼합 키메라 현상의 변화 양상을 관찰하고, 키메라 현상의 임상적 의의를 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 형제로부터 동종 골수 이식한 급성 백혈병 6명과 만성 백혈병 2명의 모두 8명을 대상으로 하였다. 44개 골수 검체에서 phenol/chloroform방법에 의하여 단핵세포 DNA를 추출하였다. DNA는 CTT 삼중체, vWA와 amelogenin시발체를 이용하여 증폭하였다. 증폭 산물은 5% 폴리아크랄아미드 젤에서 전기영동 뒤 은 염색으로 확인하였다. 2명의 DNA를 여러 비율로 혼합하여 상기 검사를 하여 검출 가능 최소 농도를 결정하였다. 결과 : 상기 검사법의 검출 가능 최소농도는 0.25%였다. 혼합 키메라 현상은 8명중 4명에서 관찰되었다. 혼합 키메라 현상은 보인 1명에서 급성 및 만성 이식편대 숙주 질환이 나타났고, 완전 공여자 키메라 현상을 보인 1명에서 만성 이식편 대 숙주 질환이 나타났다. 점진적으로 증가하는 혼합 키메라 현상을 보인 2명은 이식 후 12개월에 질병 재발을 보였으나, 완전 공여자 키메라 현상을 보인 경우엔 재발이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : PCR-STR검사법은 동종 골수 이식 후 남아 있는 환자 세포를 검출하고 키메라 현상을 관찰하는데 유용한 방법이다. 또한 이 검사법은 동종 골수 이식 후 재발의 조기 진단, 이식편 대 숙주 질환의 평가와 면역 관용에 임상적으로 응용할 수 있으리라 생각한다. Background : Chimerism analysis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukemia could be helpful understanding of the early marrow engraftment, disease relapse, and graft rejection. Recently, a PCR technique which amplifies short tandem repeats(STR) has been reported to be highly sensitive and reliable in detecting mixed chimerism. But its sensitivity and clinical significance has not been established. The purpose of this study was firstly, to confirm whether a PCR-STR in highly sensitive enough ti assess mixed chimerism, secondly to monitor the changing patterns of mixed chimerism after allogeneic BMT, and lastly to determine correlation between the chimeric status and the clinical outcome. Methods : A study was made eight patients (six with acute leukemia and two with chronic leukemia) who underwent unmanipulated allogeneic BMT along with matched donors. DNA was extracted from mononuclear cells of 44 bone marrow samples using a phenol/chloroform method. Amplification of DNA was done using CSFIPO-TPOX-TH01(CTT) triplex with or without vWA or amelogenin primer. The amplified product was separated on 5% polyacrylamide gel and was confirmed by silver staining. The sensitivity of CTT triplex method was determined by mixing DNA from two person in serial proportion using the same method. Results : The sensitivity for CTT triplex method was 0.25% Mixed chimerism was documented in 4 of 8 patients. ONe of four patients with mixed chimerism developed acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) and one of four patients with complete donor chimerism also developed chronic GVHD. Two patient with progressive mixed chimerism relapsed at 12 months post-BMT, whereas no patient with complete donor chimerism has relapsed. Conclusion : The study has found that PCR-STR was an effective method for the detecting residual host cell and monitoring the chimeric status after allogenic BMT. PCR-STR can also be clinically applicable in early prediction of relapse, appropriate assessment of GVHD, as well as tolerance after allogeneic BMT.