신경인지검사를 이용한 최소증상 간성뇌증의 진단

양동원,손영민,김범생,한준열,정규원,선희식 대한치매학회 2004 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.3 No.1

Background and Objectives:Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is assumed to have a negative effect on patient's daily functioning but is difficult to detect with standard clinical examination. This study is designed to elucidate the characteristics of neuropsychological deficits associated with MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods:We studied 27 patients with clinically proven liver cirrhosis, without clinical signs of encephalopathy and 30 healthy controls without liver disease. Neuropsychological tests employed to detect MHE were auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) of Rey-Kim memory test, trail making test A, B (TMT-A, TMT-B), digit symbol test (DST), digit span test forward and backward (DST-F, DST-B), word fluency test-category (WFT-C), word fluency test-letter (WFT-L), block design test of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, and Korean version of Boston naming test and pin insertion test (PIT). Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) was also performed in order to evaluate general cognitive functions. Results:Among the neuropsychological tests applied, TMT-A, TMT-B, DST-F, WFT-C, WFT-L, DST and PIT appeared to be significantly different between liver cirrhosis and control group. Patients who had two or more abnormal test results (over or below the mean ±2 S.D. of the control) were considered to have MHE. Seven patients (25.9%) with liver cirrhosis and 1 (3.3%) subject were considered abnormal on the basis of this criteria. Conclusions:The cirrhotic patients have shown relatively selective deficits in complex attention, fine motor skills and psychomotor speed, while general intelligence, memory, language and visuospatial functions were spared. Follow-up of the patients with MHE is necessary to clarify the clinical significance and the diagnostic accuracy of the MHE based on the neuropsychological tests.

수열합성을 이용한 ZnO 마이크로 구조의 성장 및 전사

양동원,이원우,박원일 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2017 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Recently, there has been substantial interest in flexible and wearable devices whose properties and performances are close to conventional devices on hard substrates. Despite the advancement on flexible devices with organic semiconductors or carbon nanotube films, their performances are limited by the carrier scattering at the molecular to molecular or nanotube-to-nanotube junctions. Here in this study, we demonstrate on the vertical semiconductor crystal array embedded in flexible polymer matrix. Such structures can relieve the strain effectively, thereby accommodating large flexural deformation. To achieve such structure, we first established a low-temperature solution-phase synthesis of single crystalline 3D architectures consisting of epitaxially grown ZnO constituent crystals by position and growth direction controlled growth strategy. The ZnO vertical crystal array was integrated into a piece of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which was then mechanically detached from the hard substrate to achieve the freestanding ZnO-polymer composite. In addition, the characteristics of transferred ZnO were confirmed by additional structural and photoluminescent measurements. The ZnO vertical crystal array embedded in PDMS was further employed as pressure sensor that exhibited an active response to the external pressure, by piezoelectric effect of ZnO crystal. 최근, 유연하며 몸에 부착 가능한 소자들에 대한 관심이 늘어나고 있다. 이런 관심을 뒷받침 하여 이와 관련된다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있는데, 기존 딱딱한 성질을 가진 소자에 사용되던 무기물 기반의 재료의 경우 유연 소자로 만들기에 여러 가지 제약이 있어 유연하게 제작할 수 있는 유기물 반도체나 탄소 나노튜브 필름 등을 이용한 소자들이 주로연구되고 개발되어 왔다. 하지만 이런 재료들을 이용한 소자의 경우 유기물 분자와 분자 사이 또는 탄소 나노튜브와 나노튜브 사이에서 전하들이 산란되는 등 재료 자체의 한계로 인해 기존의 재료를 사용한 소자들보다 전기적 성능이 떨어지는단점을 가지고 있다. 이런 단점들을 해결하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 수직 정렬된 반도체 결정 어레이를 투명 유연한 폴리머와 결합하는 방법을 이용, 고품질 나노/마이크로 반도체 결정을 유연한 기판으로 전사 시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 위와 같은 구조는 재료에 가해지는 힘을 완화 시켜줄 수 있으며, 이로 인해 큰 변형에도 재료의 손상이 없는 소자 제작이 가능하다. 이런 구조를 구현하기 위해 위치 및 크기가 정교하게 제어된 ZnO 나노막대 단결정을 저온에서 용액공정을 통하여합성시킨다. 이후 성장시킨 ZnO 단결정 어레이와 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 폴리머를 결합시킨 후 단단한 기판에서기계적으로 박리시켜 ZnO/폴리머 복합체를 분리해 낸다. 추가적으로 전사된 ZnO의 결정성을 확인하기 위하여 photoluminescent 분석을 진행하였으며, ZnO/폴리머 복합체를 이용한 외부 힘에 반응하는 압력 센서를 제작하였다.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate 수용체 길항제 MK-801의 흰쥐 심혈관계에 대한 작용

양동원,이상복 가톨릭대학 (가톨릭신학대학) 대학원 1995 가톨릭大學醫學部 論文集 Vol.48 No.1

도인과 운동치료의 유관성에대한 비교연구

양동원,송태원 한방재활의학과학회 1997 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.7 No.1

원격운용 시스템의 네트워크 성능분석을 위한 시간동기화방안에 관한 연구

양동원,김남곤,김도종 한국전기전자학회 2022 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.26 No.2

With the development of artificial intelligence and unmanned technologies, the remote surveillance/autonomousdriving systems have been actively researched. For an effective performance analysis of the developed remotecontrol system, it is important to record the data of it in real time. In addition, in order to analyze theperformance between the control system and the remote system, the recorded data from them should besynchronized with time. In this paper we proposed a novel time synchronization method for the remote controlsystem. The proposed remote control system satisfies the time difference of the recorded data within 1 ms, and wecan reduce the time difference by using a CPU shielding and affinity setting. The performance of the proposedmethod was proved through various network data storage experiments. And the experiments confirmed that theproposed method can be applied to recording devices of unmanned ground vehicles and control vehicles. Theproposed method will be used as a method for analyzing network data of UGV-R (Unmanned Ground Vehicle –Reconnaissance). 인공지능 및 무인 감시, 자율화 기술의 발전으로 인해 무인으로 운용되는 원격 감시/자율 주행 시스템의 개발이 활발히 연구되고있다. 개발되는 원격운용 및 제어 시스템의 효과적인 성능분석을 위해서는 원격운용 시스템의 데이터를 실시간으로 기록하고 그 데이터를 분석하는 일이 중요하다. 또한, 통제 시스템과 원격 시스템 간의 성능분석을 위해서는 각 시스템의 기록데이터 간 시간동기화가 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 원격운용 시스템의 기록데이터 분석을 위한 GPS 기반 시간동기화 설계 방안을 제시한다. 제안 방법은 기록데이터에 GPS 신호를 활용한 정밀한 시간정보를 기록함으로써 원격 시스템이 기록데이터 시간 오차를 1ms 이내로 만족할 수 있도록 하였으며, OS 내 설정을 통해 이더넷 통신을 특정 CPU가 전담하도록 하는 CPU shielding 및 affinity 설정기법을 통해 시간동기화 성능을 개선하였다. 제안 방법은 단계별 실험 및 네트워크 데이터 저장 실험을 통해서 그 성능을 입증하였으며, 무인수색차량의 무인차량과 통제차량 기록장치에 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 제안 방법은 향후 무인수색차량의 네트워크데이터 분석 방법으로 활용할 예정이며, 활용 중에 발생하는 다양한 분석을 통해 성능 개선을 해 나갈 예정이다.

가미속풍활형탕이 human fibroblast-like synoviocytes 내 염증 유발 cytokine과 전사인자에 미치는 영향

양동원,오민석,김동희 대한한의학회 2003 대한한의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Kamisopunghwalhyeol-tang (Jiaweishujenghuoxie-tang; Kami-SPHHT) on the immunity responses of the Synoviocytes isolated from the patients on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : Cells were stimulated by $Interleukin-1{\beta}$ and Tumor Necrosis $Factor-{\alpha}$ in the presence or absence of Kami-SPHHT, and then induced cytokine mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results : Levels of $IL-1{\beta},{\;}IL-6,{\;}TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2, and NOS II mRNA expressions significantly decreased in Kami-SPHHT treated cells compared to non-treated control cells. Also, DNA-binding activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-l decreased in Kami- SPHHT treated hFLSs. Conclusion : These results suggest that Kami-SPHHT may be involved in anti-inflammatory reactions by inducing cytokine gene expression in synoviocytes, and further in vivo examination on its efficacy can provide potential application for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

기억의 메커니즘 및 기억장애 질환

양동원 대한치매학회 2004 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.3 No.2

Among the cognitive processes, the ability to acquire and retain information about the world around us and our experience is vital for the survival of human. This ability, i.e., learning and memory, is mediated by multiple cognitive and neural systems. The hypothetical stages of memory are divided in several steps such as registration, encoding, storage, access, and retrieval. For the good memory, every steps of memory process should be performed successfully. There are several subtypes of memory systems like working memory, semantic memory, episodic memory, as well as memory for skills and procedures. Anatomical structures that are important in memory are different according to the subtypes of memory systems. The medial temporal lobe, thalamic structures and their connections are important for the episodic memory. The frontal lobe is associated with the working memory and the lateral temporal cortex is associated with the semantic memory. Basal ganglia and cerebellum are associated with procedural memory. Many disorders leading to amnesia can affect different structures of brain and cause different patterns of memory dysfunctions. This review helps clinicians and researchers to know the systems and biological structures of memory and to understand the variable clinical features of the amnestic patients.

A Fast and Efficient Image Registration Algorithm using Outlier Rejection Technique based on Subimage

양동원,김도종 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.4

Image registration is a process of overlaying two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, from different viewpoints, and by different sensors. It geometrically aligns two images, the reference and sensed image. In this paper, a fast and efficient image registration algorithm is proposed for IDS (Intruder Detection System). To reduce a calculation time, outlier rejection method based on uniformity, entropy and subimage is used. An edge tapering method is applied to alleviate a boundary effect of a subimage. And it is shown that the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy and calculation time effectively.

알쯔하이머병 환자의 뇌혈류 장애 : Statistical Parametric Mapping을 이용한 Tc-99m ECD SPECT 분석 Statistical Parametric Mapping analysis of Tc-99m ECD SPECT

양동원,김범생,손영민,박정욱,정용안,손형선,김상윤 대한치매학회 2002 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.1 No.2

Background and Objectives . Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of the dementia Pathologic and functional changes of AD are known to be unevenly distributed in the brain. This study investigates changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with AD to determine brain regions with hypoperfusion that reflects progression of disease. Methods. Tc-99m-ECD single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed to measure regional CBF and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 99 soft ware was used for the automated and objective approach to analyze SPECT image data. Twenty-five patients with mild to moderate dementia who met NINCDS-ADRDA critena for AD (male 11 female 14) and 17 age-matched normal control subjects were studied. The severity of AD was measured by clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale Results. SPM analysis of SPECT images revealed that CBF in the anterior cingulate gyrus left superior panetal cortex left medial frontal cortex left infenor temporal cortex. right thalamus and left hippocampus was significantly decreased in AD patients compared with normal controls (corrected p<0.05). The reduction of CBF according to CDR was localized in the left hippocampus and infenor temporal cortex right antenor and postenor ciagulate cortex and right superior panetal cortex (uncorrected p<0.01). Conclusions : Our data suggest that the cognitive dysfunction of AD is strongly related with functional abnormality in discrete brain areas 99m-Tc ECD SPECT with SPM analysis could be used as a useful functional imaging tool in AD study.

표적분할 신뢰도 값 기반의 형태특징과 지역특징을 이용한 차량표적 분류기법 연구

양동원,이용헌,곽동민,Yang, DongWon,Lee, Yonghun,Kwak, Dongmin 한국군사과학기술학회 2017 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.20 No.1

To classify the vehicle targets automatically using thermal images, there are usually two main categories of feature extraction method, local and shape feature extraction methods. Since thermal images have less texture information than color images, the shape feature extraction method is useful when the segmentation results are correct. However, if there are some errors in target segmentation, the shape feature may contain some errors, then the classification accuracy can be decreased. To overcome these problems, in this paper, we propose the segmentation reliability estimation method for target classification. The segmentation reliability can be estimated by using the difference information of average intensities and edge energies between the target and the background area. The estimated segmentation reliability is applied in the decision level fusion method of classification results using both shape and local features. Experiment results using the thermal images of the vehicle targets (main battle tank, armored personnel carrier, military truck, and an estate car) show that the proposed classification method and the segmentation reliability estimation method have a good performance in classification accuracy.