정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

현행 중등학교 과학 실험 , 실습 교육 실태 조사 및 그 운영 진단 (Ⅱ) : 고등학교 과학 실험 , 실습 교육을 중심으로

김영호,이윤종,정원우,강용희,양승영,윤성효,안병호,윤일희,권용주,임성규,오철한,기우항,전명남,김중욱 한국과학교육학회 1998 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 96년도에 실시한 우리 나라 중학교 과학 실험·실습 교육의 실태 조사 연구에 따른 계속 연구의 일환으로 고등학교 과학 실험·실습 교육의 실태를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 연구내용은 고등학교 과학 교과서의 분석, 실험·실습 실시 현황 분석, 현행 실험·실습 교육의 문제점 분석, 현행 학교 구성원들의 실험·실습 교육 운영 실태 조사 및 현행 실험·실습 교육의 개선을 위한 연구과제 도출을 주요 연구내용으로 다루었다. 연구방법은 전국의 고등학교 80개교를 대상으로 이들 학교의 학생 1,977명, 교사 165명, 학교장 80명에게 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 결과를 중심으로 우리 나라 고등학교 과학 실험 실습 교육의 정상화를 위한 실험 내적인 연구과제를 제시하면 다음과 같다. (1)교재 개발에 대한 연구, (2)실험 킷트 개발에 대한 연구, (3)교사교육 및 재교육 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구, (4)교실 밖 실험·실습 활동 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구, (5)과학 실험·실습 소재의 개발에 대한 연구. This study was accomplished to analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of high school in korea for the consecutive study of the an analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of middle school in korea(Lee, Yoon-Jong et al., 1997). The status of facilities, management for the experiment, practices, teaching methods in high schools have been investigated. The present status and reasonable management of the high school science education have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this 165 high school science teachers, 1977 students and 80 principals of high schools in Korea are administered questionaires of Science Education Research Institute of Kyungpook National University(1997). The results of this study are as follows : The reasonable management for experiments and practices of science education were scanty in the high school around the urban and rural school owing to the shortage of facilities and equipments, crowded class, excessive class works for teacher, excessive contents of present textbooks and insufficiency of the administrative supports etc. The current teaching method of high school science has emphasized knowledge. This fact does not satisfy the objective of learning due to lack of the teaching method. Desirable directions for the improvement of present status of high school science education were proposed in this paper.

교사들의 공통과학 실험 · 실습 선호도 조사 분석

정원우,이윤종,강용희,윤일희,이우붕,손종경,김중욱,강동진,권용주 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1999 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the experimental and practical education in high school general science. The present status and reasonable management of the experimental and practical education in high school general science were evaluated by the questionaires. To do this, 146 science teachers in Korea are administered questionaires. The frequency of the experimental and practical items in the seven kind of general science text books were investigated. The problems and the reasonable management for experimental and practical education were proposed in this paper.

Rings운동에서의 Giant swing동작에 대한 운동학적 분석

윤희중,박종훈,한충식,김영란,김충태 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1992 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.1

This study was to investogate the kinematic patterns of the giant. swing on rings by 3 male gymnastic. The motion was filmed at 60frame/sec high video camera. The result was as follows ; 1. Subj. C showed a large displacement in the wrist J. at phase I and Subj. B showed a large displacement at phase 2, 3, 4. 2. Subj. C showed a large displacement in the hip J. at down swig phase and Subj.B, C showed a large displacement. at upward swing phase. 3. Subj. A showed a large velocity a in the hip J. at phase 1 and Subi. C shooed a large velocity at phase 2, 3, 4. 4. Subj. C showed a large velicity in the shoulder J. at whole phase. 5. Subj. C showed a large angular velocity in the hip J. at down swing phase and subj. B showed a large angular velocity at upward swing phase. 6. Subj. B showed a larege angular velocity in the shoulder J. at. phase 1, and Subj. C showed a large angular velocity at phase 2, 4 also subj. A showed a large angular velocity at phase 3.

플랫서브와 스핀서브의 운동학적 분석

윤희중,정남주 한국운동역학회 1997 한국운동역학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the kinematic variables during tennis flat and spin serving, and that analysis of contribution patterns of the human body segments to the racket velocity through three demensional cinematography technique. To accomplish the objective of this study, five male tennis players were used as subjects. The two cameras(Locam Ⅱ, Photosonic Biiomechanics 500) were used used to filming. The serve motions were filmed with the camera operating at 200 frames/s. The direct linear transformation(DLT) method is used in the computation of three-dimensional coordinates of the digitized body points. Coordinated raw position data through digitizing are filterd at a cutoff frequency of 6Hz using a fourth order low-pass Butterworth filter. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions are drawn. 1) In the swing phase(toss∼impact), the flat serve is shorter execution time than spin serve. 2) At the point of impact, the flat serve is faster in the linear velocity of racket head than in the spin serve. 3) The maximum velocity of the hand is earlier to the maximum velocity of the racket head prior to impact. 4) From the angle change of each joint, shoulder angle in the flat serve and the racket angle in the spin serve are larger than any other angle. 5) The elbow joint dominate at the initial swing patterns, and the shoulder and trunk joints dominate at the final swing patterns during flat and spin serving.

남자 비만 어린이 보행주기의 생체역학적 분석

정남주,윤희중 한국운동역학회 2001 한국운동역학회지 Vol.10 No.2

최근 우리나라의 비만 어린이의 수가 증가한 것으로 보고되고 있으나 비만 어린이의 증가와 더불어 이에 수반되어지는 사회적 관심은 그렇게 높지 않은 것 같다. 비만아동의 일반적인 보행형태에 대한 역학적인 정보는 극히 제한적이며 이에 관련된 과학적 정보 역시 상당히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 성장기에 있는 비만 어린이의 보행형태에 대한 역학적 특징을 살펴보기 위하여 실시하였다. 이를 위해 규칙적인 운동프로그램에 참여하고 있으며, 또한 생리적으로 비만 판정을 받은 어린이 7명을 선별하였다. 2대의 비디오 카메라를 이용하여 각 대상자별 보행동작을 촬영하였으며 DLT(direct linear transformation) 방법을 활용하여 3차원 좌표 및 위치 정보를 산출하였다. 그리고 힘 측정판(force plate)을 이용하여 지지시 지면반력을 측정하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 활보장에 대한 하지장의 비는 일반인에 비해 다소 작은 값을 보였으며, 활보시간동안 지지기의 시간은 짧아진 반면 스윙시간은 길어진 것으로 나타났다. 보행 시 인체중심의 좌우변위가 선행연구에 비해 큰값을 보이고 있었다. 대퇴분절각도는 선행연구결과와 비슷한 결과를 보이고 있었으나 무릎관절과 발목관절각도는 획일화된 움직임을 보여 안전한 지지를 하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 수직지면반력(Fz)은 제1피크(Fz1)가 제2피크(Fz3)에 비해 더 큰 결과를 보여 선행연구와 비슷한 결과를 보이고 있었다. 그러나, 전후지면반력(Fy)은 추진력(Fy2)이 제동력(Fy1)에 비해 더 큰 값을 보이고 있어 일반 성인과는 정반대의 결과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. The main objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the gait patterns of the obese children. According to surveys, the number of the obese children has increased in recent years, Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to this problem. Approaches through mechanical analysis on this particular problem are extremely limited and scientific information is hardly sufficient. To conduct an investigation, seven children were selected, who are deemed obese by any standards. These children are the participants of the exercise program that was designed to reduce weight. The physical activities of these children are video-taped by two video cameras. Using the DLT(direct linear transformation) method three dimensional coordinate and position data were calculated. Ground reaction forces are measured by AMTI force plate, The results are as follows. Lower extremity length in the stride of the obese children turned out to be less than that of adults. At the same time, the length of stance time was shortened while swing times was lengthened during the stride. Furthermore, it was discovered that the right-left movement of the center of mass was greater than the one indicated by the previous studies. It was also observed that the angle of the knee and ankle joints of the obese children appeared to be relatively restricted compared with those of adults. During the stance, the first peak(Fz1) is greater than the second peak(Fz3) in vertical force. But, propelling force(Fy2) is greater than breaking force(Fy1) in anterior-posterior force. It is show that the gait pattern of the obese children is not similar to that the normal adult. To conclude, the gait patterns of the obese children is unnatural.

흰쥐 뇌에서 Tyrosine Hydroxylase분비세포의 출현시기 및 분포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

정윤영,선희매,김영택,김남훈,안계훈,장인엽,김종중,문정석,강양수 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.1

The immunohistochemical (ABC method) studies on the ontogeny and localization of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were examined in rat brain from the 12th fetal day until the 9th postnatal day. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Tyrosine hydroxylase was first detected immunohistochemically at embryonic day 13(E13). At this stage, the TH-containing neurons were still migrating and cytologically immature. 2. The changes occuring from the early to the late prenatal stages of development appeared to be the result of an increase in the number and size of the TH-containing cells and in the length of nerve fibers. 3. The distribution of the TH-containing neurons at embryonic day 19(E19) more closely resembled catecholaminergic neurons in the adult rat brain : 1) a rhombencephalic group became the A1-7 ; 2) a ventral mesencephalic group became A8-10 ; 3) a ventral prosencephalic group and a few neurons ventral to the striatum became A11-14 ; and 4) the cells of the olfactory bulb corresponded to the A15. 4. The cytodifferentiation of the TH-immunoreactive neurons was accompanied by continued migration to form the collective catecholaminergic groups during ontogenesis. In addition, the morphology of the TH-immunoreactive neurons in the late prenatal stage resembled in the adult rat brain.

태권도 지도 효능감의 개념 구조

정청희,임태희,윤익모 한국스포츠심리학회 2003 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 태권도 지도 효능감의 개념 구조를 확인하고 서구에서 개발된 스포츠 코칭 효능감(Feltz 등, 1999)과 한국형 코칭 효능감(박정근, 1996)의 차이를 규명하는데 있다. 전국 소재 태권도 도장 지도자 90명을 대상으로 한 개방형 설문지 반응을 귀납적 내용분석 하였으며, 여기에서 얻어진 130개 문항을 2차 수정과정을 거쳐, 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 구조 타당성을 검증하였다. 요인탐색에서 5개 요인에 21개 문항이 탐색되었고, 최종적으로 확인적 요인분석에서 기술지도, 동기유발, 지도자 수양, 지도자 상담으로 네 개 요인에 총 19개 문항을 확정했으며, 확인적 요인분석의 적합도 지수 값들이 대체적으로 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로, 본 연구를 통해 한국 태권도 지도 효능감의 개념은 기술지도, 동기유발, 지도자 수양, 지도자 상담 요인 등 네 개의 일반영역으로 구성되며, 스포츠 코칭 효능감의 개념구조와는 다른 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this research was to extract dimensions of the TaeKwonDo Coaching-Efficacy and to confirm the conceptual construction, which is based on TaeKwonDo Coaching-Efficacy. An open-questionnaire made through a pilot study was administered to 90 TaeKwonDo coaches, who were distributed in the whole country, to collect sources of TaeKwonDo Coaching-Efficacy, which were conducted by inductive analysis. There were collected 1,225 cases of the foundational basic data on the efficacy. However, 125 cases were selected by excepting overlapping data and collecting similar ones among those things in specialist groups. 125 cases of the sources were categorized in 23 detail domains. In the field of the detail territories, the Questionnaire of TaeKwonDo Coaching-Efficacy(QTKDCE) was created by two adjustments. According to adjustment, there were selected 74 questions through specialists' meeting. These researches were performed by two kinds of methods. The exploratory factor analyses were done in the first research. In the second one, the confirmatory factor analyses were used. The results were produced in two researches as follows. The first, TaeKwonDo Coaching-efficacy were confirmed as teaching techniques(5 scales), arousing motivation(5 scales), master's cultivation(5 scales), master's consultation(4 scales) with four factors and nineteen scales totally. The second, the result of confirmatory factor analyses, most index values were appeared probably appropriate fit. According to this study the conception of TaeKwonDo Coaching-Efficacy was confirmed that it was different with Feltz(1999)'s and Park(1996)'s conceptual construction.

친환경주거의 계획 및 기술요소 적용특성에 대한 한ㆍ일 사례비교

정유선,유복희,남규현,윤정숙 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.9

The purpose of this study is to accumulate basic data to establish planning direction and planning factors for the environment-friendly apartment complex by clarifying general concept and mark of It For this purpose, the field study has been conducted to the environment-friendly apartment complex m Korea and Japan The major findings of this study are as follows, 1) The basic concept of planning factors for environment-friendly apartment complex are natural harmony, Improvement of residents' health & amenity, energy & resources saving and response to the social change 2) For Japan, the planning factors and technical elements for the environment-friendly apartment complex were applied In the whole range of apartment complex with various and Positive methods For Korea, On the other hand, application of the planning factors of energy saving, resources saving and minimizing environment pollution was insufficient 3) To rectify vulnerability of environment-friendly apartment complex in Korea, It is necessary to establish applicable planning factors and technical elements fitting in with our actual condition, to bring up of environment-friendly housing by support of government and to make effort to spread necessity for It

고등학교 지구과학 실험·실습 요목 비교 분석

정원우,이윤종,기우항,김영호,양승영,강용희,안병호,임성규,윤일희,김중욱,윤성효,강동진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1997 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the experimental and practical education in high school earth. The present status and reasonable management of the experimental and practical education in high school earth science have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this, eighty eight earth science teachers in Korea are administered questionaires. The frequency of the experimental and practical items in the seven kind of earth science text books were investigated. The problems and the reasonable management for experimental and practical education were proposed in this paper.