Ultrasonic Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Seawater and Brackish Water

So Young Park,Jong Sung Park,Ha Yoon Lee,Ji Yong Heo,Yeo Min Yoon,Kyung Ho Choi,Nam Guk Her 대한환경공학회 2011 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.16 No.3

In this study, a series of experiments was conducted on the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (Ee₂) in a single-component aqueous solution using 28 and 580 kHz ultrasonic reactors. The experiments were conducted with three different types of model water: deionized water (DI), synthetic brackish water (SBW), and synthetic seawater (SSW) at pH 4, 7.5, and 11 in the presence of inert glass beads and humic acids. Significantly higher sonochemical degradation (93-97% for BPA) occurred at 580 kHz than at 28 kHz (43-61% for BPA), regardless of water type. A slightly higher degradation was observed for Ee₂ compared to that of BPA. The degradation rate of BPA and Ee₂ in DI water, SBW, and SSW after 30 min of ultrasound irradiation at 580 kHz increased slightly with the increase in pH from 4 (0.073-0.091 min-1 for BPA and 0.081-0.094 min-1 for Ee₂) to 7.5 (0.087-0.114 min-1 for BPA and 0.092?0.124 min-1 for Ee₂). In contrast, significant degradation was observed at pH 11 (0.149-0.221 min-1 for BPA and 0.147-0.228 min-1 for Ee₂). For the given frequencies of 28 and 580 kHz, the degradation rate increased in the presence of glass beads (0.1 mm and 25 g) for both BPA and Ee₂: 0.018-0.107 min-1 without beads and 0.052-0.142 min-1 with beads for BPA; 0.021-0.111 min-1 without beads and 0.054-0.136 min-1 with beads for Ee₂. A slight increase in degradation of both BPA and Ee₂ was found as the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, humic acids) increased in both SBW and SSW: 0.107-0.115 min-1 in SBW and 0.087-0.101 min-1 in SSW for BPA; 0.111-0.111 min-1 in SWB and 0.092-0.105 min-1 in SSW for Ee₂. After 30 min of sonicating the humic acid solution, DOC removal varied depending on the water type: 27% (3 mg L-1) and 7% (10 mg L-1) in SBW and 7% (3 mg L-1) and 4% (10 mg L-1) in SSW.

GO-41 : Single port laparoscopic trans-umbilical extra-peritoneal para-aortic lympadenectomy

( Min Jong Song ),( Joo Hee Yoon ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.99 No.-

A 59 year old woman affected by squamous carcinoma of the cervix, FIGO stage IIB, with enlarged external iliac and common iliac lymph nodes at a CT scan with, was scheduled to extra peritoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy to rule out para-aortic lymph nodes metastasis and decide treatment modality. A 2 cm vertical incision was made at the midline of umbilicus. Open access of umbilicus wall was performed and the surgeon`s index finger and 10mm indicator were inserted into retroperitoneal space to bluntly develop it. After the introduction of Glove port disposable single port device, 12 mm Hg pressure of carbon dioxide gas was insufflated into retroperitoneal space. A 5 mm, 30° laparoscope was inserted into the right lower port, dissector into the left upper port and harmonic scalpel into the left lower poert. After identification retroperitoneal structure such as the psoasmuscle, iliac vessels, and ureter, development of the retroperitoneal space was continued till the identification of the inferior mesenteric artery. The lymphadenectomy specifically targeted the left-sided infra-mesenteric para-aortic spaces to exclude para-aortic lymph node metastasis. The operation was performed successfully without complication and any placement of retroperitoneal drain. Operative time was 130 min. 16 lymph nodes were removed and no metastasis was detected. Ambulation and dietary intake was started in day 0. Patient was discharged on day two. This report suggests that single port laparoscopic trans-umbilical extra-peritoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy for surgical staging of locally advanced cervical cancer is feasible. Furthermore this procedure may reduce the chance of port site hernia and allow the patients to be taken following treatment.

선인장 양심실 보조장치의 설계 및 임상적용을 위한 평가

민병구,박찬영,최재순,이혁수,황창모,김삼성,윤걸중,김종원,선경,이경갑,정종태,김원곤 제주대학교 인공심장이식연구소 2001 인공심장 연구 Vol.2 No.1

현재 개발되고 있는 맥동형 이식형 인공심장은 완전이식형 인공심장과 좌심실보조장치 뿐이다. 좌심실보조장치를 장착한 환자의 10~15%가 우심실의 보조를 필요로하고 완전이식형 인공심장의 장착을 위해서는 자연심장을 제거해야하는 상황에서 이식형 양심실보조장치에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구진은 완전이식형 인공심장으로 개발된 한국형 인공심장을 개선하여 양심 실 보조장치를 개발하였다. 양심실보조장치는 이동형 작동기식 미케니즘을 이용하고 있으며 에너지 변환장치와 감속기로 구성된 작동기와 혈액주머니, 그리고 내장형 제어기로 구성되어 있다. 선인장 펌프로 명명된 KAH350은 캐뉼라의 연결을 위한 커넥터를 포함하여 길이 177mm, 폭 164mm, 높이 67 이고 무게 780g이며 최대 심박출량은 5L/min 이다. 양심실보조장치로 개발된 선인장펌프는 좌심실보조장치로도 응용이 가능하다. 이식적합성과 생체적합성을 평가하기 위하여 좌심실보조장치로 5회, 양싱실보조장치로 6회의 동물실험을 수행하였다. 각각 최장 28일간 생존하였으며 11회의 동물실험중 장치의 결함에 의한 것이 3회 있었는데 이들은 모두 전자장치의 결함과 방수처리문제였다. 현재 이식적합성과 일박출량을 향상시킨 KAH400모델이 개발중이다. The types of pulsatile implantable artificial hearts that are on the way of development and have been developed are totally implantable artificial heart and implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Approximately 10% to 15% of all patients Implanted with wearable VADs have required right heart support with another device. And it is reluctant to patient who should remove his or her own heart to be implanted with total artificial heart. These situations drive the development of implantable bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD). The Korean BVAD was develophed by modifying the moving actuator type Korean artificial heart. This electro-mechanical BVAD comprises actuator including energy converter and reduction gear train, blood sacs, and internal motor and energy controllers. The KAH350 which is named as 'Cactus Pump' is 177mm in length, 164mm in width, and 67mm in thickness including connectors and nuts. The weight and maximum cardiac output of Cactus Pump is 780g and 5L/min, respectively. The Cactus Pump that was developed as BVAD could be used as LVAD by attaching compliance caps on the 2 ports of one ventricle. The animal experiments were undergone 5 times for LVAD, and 6 times for BVAD. The best records were 28 days survival in both applications. There were 3 times of device failure and they were all associated with electrical connection and hermetic sealing. The KAH400 that has improved anatomical fitting characterisitcs and stroke volume is on development.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Slide Session : OS-111 ; Sleep : The Effects of Dexmedetomidine for Sleep in Critically Ill Patients: Pilot Study

( Se Joong Kim ),( Jinsoo Min ),( Jisoo Park ),( Yeon Joo Lee ),( Jong Sun Park ),( Ho Il Yoon ),( Jae Ho Lee ),( Choon Taek Lee ),( Young Jae Cho ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Many critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience sleep disruption and delirium. For the sedation of these patients, dexmedetomidine is one of commonly recommended sedatives because of its pharmacokinetic merit. This pilot study was undertaken to identify the effects of dexmedetomidine for sleep and delirium in critically ill patients. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in medical ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. Dexmedetomidine was administered with the maintenance dose of 0.4-0.7μg/ kg/hr and adjusted by Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score of 0 to -2. Portable polysomnography was performed in the ICU over 24 hour to assess the quantity and quality of sleep. The confusion assessment method for ICU was used for detection of delirium. Results: Total 9 patients were enrolled. Median age was 77.0 (Range: 61-90) and 3 patients experienced delirium. Median total sleep time was 283 (IQR: 56-739) min. The majority of sleep was stage 1 (median 208 [IQR: 56-356] min) and 2 (median 75 [IQR: 7-396] min) with absent REM and stage 3 sleep. The dose of dexmedetomidine was not associated with total sleep time, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep (all P>0.05). However, the patients with delirium was administered higher dose of dexmedetomidine than ones without delirium (0.67μg/kg/hr vs 0.33μg/kg/hr, P=0.006). Conclusions: Although proper sedation was met with dexmedetomidine, the quantity and quality of sleep in critically ill patients were poor. Further study is required for the promotion of good sleep and the prevention of delirium in ICU patients.

Free Paper Presentation : OS-111 ; The Effects of Dexmedetomidine for Sleep in Critically Ill Patients: Pilot Study

( Se Joong Kim ),( Jin Soo Min ),( Ji Soo Park ),( Yeon Joo Lee ),( Jong Sun Park ),( Ho Il Yoon ),( Jae Ho Lee ),( Choon Taek Lee ),( Young Jae Cho ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.118 No.-

Background: Many critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience sleep disruption and delirium. For the sedation of these patients, dexmedetomidine is one of commonly recommended sedatives because of its pharmacokinetic merit. This pilot study was undertaken to identify the effects of dexmedetomidine for sleep and delirium in critically ill patients. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in medical ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. Dexmedetomidine was administered with the maintenance dose of 0.4-0.7μg/kg/hr and adjusted by Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score of 0 to -2. Portable polysomnography was performed in the ICU over 24 hour to assess the quantity and quality of sleep. The confusion assessment method for ICU was used for detection of delirium. Results: Total 9 patients were enrolled. Median age was 77.0 (Range: 61-90) and 3 patients experienced delirium. Median total sleep time was 283 (IQR: 56-739) min. The majority of sleep was stage 1 (median 208 [IQR: 56-356] min) and 2 (median 75 [IQR: 7-396] min) with absent REM and stage 3 sleep. The dose of dexmedetomidine was not associated with total sleep time, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep (all P>0.05). However, the patients with delirium was administered higher dose of dexmedetomidine than ones without delirium (0.67μg/kg/hr vs 0.33μg/kg/hr, P=0.006). Conclusions: Although proper sedation was met with dexmedetomidine, the quantity and quality of sleep in critically ill patients were poor. Further study is required for the promotion of good sleep and the prevention of delirium in ICU patients.

온풍 조건에서 수분 탈락 정도에 따른 피부 분류 및 개선 방안에 대한 연구

권오선 ( Oh Sun Kwon ),강현종 ( Hyun Jong Kang ),한승민 ( Seung Min Han ),윤지선 ( Ji S Eon Yoon ),조웅희 ( Woong Hee Cho ),오주영 ( Joo Young Oh ),임준만 ( Jun Man Lim ),송영숙 ( Young Sook Song ),박선규 ( Sun Gyoo Park ) 대한화장품학회 2020 대한화장품학회지 Vol.46 No.2

피부를 탄력있고 부드럽게 하는 역할은 각질층에 존재하는 수분량에 의해 좌우된다. 피부 수분량은 냉온풍, 건조환경 등 다양한 환경 변화에 의해 영향을 받음이 알려져 있으나, 개인 피부 차이에 따른 피부수분량 변화와 회복 정도에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어 지지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 온풍 조건하에서 피시험자들의 피부 수분 탈락 및 회복 정도를 비교 평가하여 새로운 피부 타입을 제시하고, 온풍 조건에서 저하되는 피부 수분량을 개선 시켜주는 효능 물질을 개발하고자 하였다. 온풍 환경 조성을 위해, 건강한 피험자(남: 10 명, 여: 39 명, 25 세 - 63 세)의 전완부에 온풍(30 cm, 40 ℃, 6 m/s)을 30 min 간 피부에 노출시켜, 피부 수분량의 변화를 평가하였다. 26명(남: 4 명, 여: 22 명, 평균 연령: 42.7 ± 9.4)이 온풍 노출전에 비하여 온풍 노출 후 수분량이 유의하게 감소하며, 노출 후 30 min이 지나도 회복이 되지 않았다. 온풍노출 후 수분량이 떨어지는 피험자(여: 10 명)를 대상으로 보수력이 높은 크림을 3 주간 전완부에 적용한 이후 동일 온풍 조건하에서 피부 수분량을 측정한 결과, 노출 30 min 후 피부 수분량이 온풍 노출 전 수준으로 회복됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 피부는 건조 조건에서 쉽게 수분을 잃어버리는 피부(탈수형 피부)가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 앞으로 화장품 개발을 보습 기능뿐만 아니라, 이러한 환경변화에 따른 피부수분이 쉽게 빠져나가는 피부(탈수형 피부)의 특성에 맞는 제품의 효능 개발이 필요함을 보여준다. Elasticity and softness of the skin depend on the level of moisture present in the stratum corneum, which is known to be affected by various environmental changes, such as cold and hot winds and dry environments. However, not many studies have been conducted on changes in skin moisture and the degree of recovery due to individual skin differences. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of warm air heating on skin hydration levels and develop moisturizing formulas to improve lowered skin hydration levels. In order to deliver warm air heating condition, heating dryer (40 ℃, 6 m/s, 30 cm apart from forearm) was applied into inner forearm of healthy subjects (male: 10, female: 39, age: 25 - 63) Among 49 subjects, 26 subjects showed significantly lowered skin hydration levels until 30 min after warm air heating exposure (lowered group). In addition, moisturizing cream with high water holding capacity was applied to forearm of 10 subjects in lowered group for 3 weeks and skin hydration levels after warm air heating were significantly improved at the levels of before application of warm air heating. From this study, we found out that there is a skin type that skin hydration levels are significantly decreased under warm air heating condition (dehydrated skin) and this dehydrated skin can be improved by moisturizing formulas with high water holding capacity.

척수신경세포에서의 아포프토시스 관련인자에 관한 면역조직화학 연구

김종민,정윤희,신정민,박경한,조사선,백상호,차중익 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.4

공동주택 바닥충격음 차단성능 평가

윤세철,오종민 慶熙大學校 地球環境硏究所 2002 지구환경논문집 Vol.13 No.-

In apartment buildings, floor-impact sound has been regarded as the major source which induces complaints from residents. It is mainly due to the use of light-weight structures and the lack of researches in terms of the sound transmission characteristics through the structures of a receiving room. The vibration produced by the impact on one part of an apartment building would travel as far as the other parts of structure only with with a little alleviation. As a result, the impact sound from upstairs has been regarded as a main source of noise causing discontentment among occupants. This study was carried out to measure the floor-impact sound levels and evaluate the insulation performance of floor-impact sound for the K apartment buildings which complaints induced and the newly-founded Y apartment buildings. The major results of this study are as followers; 1. The comparison showed that the light-impact sound levels and the levels of estimated light-impact sound ranged from 51.0dB to 73.9dB and 60dB to 66dB in the K apartment buildings, 50.2dB to 70.6dB and 57dB to 62dB in the Y apartment buildings. 2. The levels of estimated impact sound exceed the criteria of light-impact noise insulation 58dB by 6∼8dB and the criteria of heavy-impact noise insulation 50dB by 4∼6dB in the K apartment buildings and 4dB, 1dB in the Y apartment buildings, respectively.

한국어교육 전공 발전 방안에 대한 연구

閔賢植,尹希苑,金鍾澈 서울대학교 국어교육과 2002 先淸語文 Vol.30 No.-

In the last 10 years Korean language education has made a wonderful growth in the method of study and teaching. Korean language is competitive enough in the international language market though the competitive power of Korean language is insufficient than Japanese and Chinese language. We should resolve many problems of Korean language education. For example, we should develop various curriculum, materials, technique of teaching and evaluating tools according to the need of learners and teachers. First of all we should train and produce excellent teachers who can teach Korean language as a foregin language or second language. Now the teachers of this field are trained in the irregular short-term programs founded in some major universities for commercial enterprise. Recently some academic degree courses have been founded in major universities also. But the management of all these degree courses and programs have many problems in curriculum, practice of teaching, professors of majors, official certification, appointment, and reeducation. Especially now the status of these trained teachers in this field can not be guaranteed by the national laws and Administration of Education. Therefore we should readjust the curriculum of regular degree courses and irregular short-term programs, and certificate the students by the official certification system. The curriculum of regular degree course should set these subjects as a standard curriculum: linguistics, Korean linguistics, language education, Korean language education as a foreign language or second language, Korean culture, Korean literature, method of language teaching, language acquisition, contrastive analysis of language, analysis of errors, practice of teaching for 1-6 months, and theory of language teaching.