초음파 영상 데이터를 활용한 내장기 추나요법 시술 부위 탐색 연구

이상진 ( Sang-jin Lee ),기성훈 ( Sung-hoon Ki ),고동균 ( Dong-kyun Koh ),이상훈 ( Sang-hun Lee ),임형호 ( Hyoung-ho Lim ),송윤경 ( Yun-kyung Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2022 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives This study was conducted to confirm anatomical information near the treatment areas of visceral chuna manual therapy and to secure stability and effectiveness during the treatment. Methods For 50 healthy adult men and women, a total of 13 ultrasound images were taken of the 7 treatment areas which are the representative treatment areas of visceral Chuna manual therapy. Results The treatment area of the bottom of the liver can be palpated around the right side ST19 and CV14. The treatment area of the gallbladder and the common bile duct can be palpated around the right side SP16 and ST20. The treatment area of the cardia and the pylorus can be palpated around the left side KI21, right side ST20, ST21, KI19, KI20, CV12, and CV13. The origin point of the mesentery root can be moved to the left and lower left from CV12 and can be palpated. The treatment area of the ileocecal valve and the cecum can be palpated around the right side SP14. The treatment area for the colic flexure can be palpated around the both side LR13. The treatment support point for the kidneys can be palpated around both side BL51. Conclusions It is thought that if the ultrasound image data from the meridians around the treatment site is used as an auxiliary, it will be more effective in terms of safety and effectiveness during the treatment of visceral Chuna manual therapy. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2022;32(2):139-154)

Focal adhesion kinase and src expression in premalignant and malignant skin lesions

( Ju Yeon Choi ),( Jae Yun Lim ),( Han Saem Kim ),( Jung Min ),( Jung In Kim ),( Hyun Min Seo ),( Sang Hyeon Hwang ),( Chong Won Choi ),( Yoon Hwan Kim ),( Jin Hee Sohn ),( Hyunjoo Lee ),( Won Serk Ki 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Background: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src are non-receptor tyrosine kinases. FAK and Src play a critical role in inducing malignant transformation in tumor cells. Objectives: We performed immunohistochemical staining for total and phosphorylated forms of FAK and Src, to evaluate the role of FAK and Src in the development of premalignant and malignant skin lesions. Methods: A total of 59 facial skin samples (30 actinic keratoses, 10 Bowen``s diseases, 13 squamous cell carcinomas and six perilesional skins) were immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67, total (t) and phosphorylated (p) form of FAK and Src. Methods: A total of 59 facial skin samples (30 actinic keratoses, 10 Bowen``s diseases, 13 squamous cell carcinomas and six perilesional skins) were immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67, total (t) and phosphorylated (p) form of FAK and Src. Results: Cells positive for t-Src, p-Src-y530, t-FAK and pFAK-s722 were detected in premalignant intra-epithelial lesions (PELs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but not in the perilesional skin. There was a tendency towards high correlation between Ki-67 and t-FAK or pFAK-s722, suggestive of the active role of FAK in cell proliferation. Conclusion: Our findings of higher t-Src and p-Src-y530 positive cells in PELs, as compared to SCCs (with higher Ki-67 level), are suggestive of the other role of Src in tumor formation and progression, which requires further investigation.

Flangeless Esser PET Phantom 영상 자동 분석 프로그램의 유용성 평가

남궁창경,남기표,김경식,김정선,임기천,신상기,조시만,동경래,NamGung, Chang-Kyeong,Nam, Ki-Pyo,Kim, Kyeong-Sik,Kim, Jeong-Seon,Lim, Ki-Cheon,Shin, Sang-Ki,Cho, Shee-Man,Dong, Kyung-Rae 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: ACR (American College of Radiology) offers variable parameters to PET/CT quality control by using ACR Phantom. ACR Phantom was made to evaluate parameters which are uniformity, attenuation, scatter, contrast and resolution. Manual analysis method wasn't good for the use of QC because values of parameter were changed as it may user and it takes long time to analysis. Ki-Chun Lim, a nuclear scientist in AMC, developed program that automatically analysis values of parameter by using ACR Phantom to overcome above problems. In this study, we evaluated automatic analysis program's usability, through the comparing SUV of each method, reproducibility of SUV when repeated analysis and the time required. Materials and Methods: Using Flangeless Esser PET Phantom, the ideal ratio of 4 : 1 hot cylinder and BKG but it actually showed a ratio of 3.89 to 1 hot cylinder and BKG. SIEMENS Biograph True Point 40 was used in this study. We obtained images using ACR phantom at Fusion WB PET Scan condition (2 min/bed) and 120 kV, 100 mAs CT condition. Using True X method, 3 iterations, 14 subsets, Gaussian filter, FWHM 4 mm and Zoom Factor 1.0, $168{\times}168$ image size. We obtained Max. & Min. SUV and SUV Mean values at Cylinder (8, 12, 16, 25 mm, Air, Bone, Water, BKG) by automatic program and obtained SUV by manual method. After that, we compared manual and automatic method. we estimate the time required from opened the image data to final work sheet was completed. Results: Automatic program always showed same result and same the time required. At 8, 12, 16 and 25 m cylinder, manual method showed 6.69, 3.46, 2.59, 1.24 CV values. The larger cylinder size became, the smaller CV became. In manual method, bone, air, water's CV were over 9.9 except BKG (2.32). Obtained CV of Mean SUV showed BKG was low (0.85) and bone was high (7.52). The time required was 45 second, 882 second respectably. Conclusions: As a result of difference automatic method and manual method, automatic method showed always same result, manual method showed that the smaller hot cylinders became, the lager CV became. Hot cylinders mean region size, the smaller hot cylinder size becomes we had some trouble in doing ROI poison setting. And it means increase in variation of SUV. The Study showed the time required of automatic method was shorten then manual method.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

녹차 및 결명자 추출물의 교정용 브라켓과 치면 사이의 경계부에서 분리된 mutans streptococci에 대한 항균작용

임성훈,서정순,윤영주,김광원,유소영,김화숙,국중기,이병래,차종희,박재윤 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.5

본 연구는 치아우식증에 관련된 Mutans streptococci 표준균주 및 임상분리 균주의 성장억제를 유도할 수 있는 천연 생약추출물을 검색하기 위하여 실시되었다. 녹차추출물은 CHMC-2032를 사용하였으며, 결명자 추출물은 50% 에탄올을 이용하여 얻었다. 이들 추출물의 Mutans streptococci 표준균주 및 교정환자들에서 브라켓과 치면 사이의 경계부에서 분리된 각각 10 균주씩의 S. mutans 및 S. sobrinus에 대한 최소성장억제농도를 액체배지 희석법으로 구하였다. 그 결과 CHMC-2032의 S. mutans 및 S. sobrinus의 표준 균주, S. sobrinus의 대부분 임상분리 균주에 대한 최소성장억제농도는 5 mg/ml이었다. 그러나 결명자 추출물에 의한 S. mutans 및 S. sobrinus에 대한 세균 성장억제 효과는 미미하였다. 본 연구 결과 치아우식증의 예방적 측면에서 결명자차보다는 녹차를 마시는 것이 유리하며, CHMC-2032를 이용하여 구강양치용액을 제조하여 사용할 경우 교정환자를 포함하여 대부분의 사람에게서 치아우식증 예방 효과가 있으리고 추정된다. Mutans streptococci is the major causative factor in dental caries. Especially, orthodontic patients with fixed appliance are a risk group for dental caries. Because fixed appliances attached on teeth may change the environment of dental plaque, the enamel decalcification or dental caries around the bracket and band is a major side effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to search plant extracts that have antimicrobial effect on mutans streptococci. Seed-extract of Casio tora were prepared with ethanol and CHMC-2032, the leaf-extracts from Camellia sinensis extract, was obtained extract, 2 type strains and 20 clinical isolates of mutans streptococci isolated from the interface between orthodontic brackets and tooth surfaces in the orthodontic patients were used in this study. The minimal inhibitory concentration of CHMC-2032 was 5 mg/ml on the S. mutans KCTC 3065, S. sobrinus KCTC 3088, and 8 clinical isolates of S. sobrinus. However, there was no antibacterial effect of seed-extract of C. tora on mutans streptococci. These data suggest that green tea may be more effective than the tea prepared from C. tora in the prevention of enamel decalcification or dental caries around brackets.

알코올사용장애의 유형별 특징

임명호,백기청,이경규,홍성도,김현우,이민규 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

대체적으로 알코올성 장애는 이질적인 집단으로 이해되어지고 있으며, 이는 알코올성 장애의 예후와 치료가 유형에 따라 다르다고 보기 때문이다. 이러한 알코올성 장애는 음주 형태, 의존유형, 유전적 취약성(genetic vulnerability), 성격유형, 정신병리적 측면에 따라 여러 유형으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 논문은 Babor등(1992)이 분류한 A형, B형의 아형분류가 우리나라에서도 이용가능한 지를 알아보는 예비적 조사논문으로써 알코올리즘의 진단 및 이해를 기하고자 하였다. 만 18세 이상부터 만 65세 이하의 알코올중독 남자 환자 94명을 대상으로 15개의 변인에 따라 군집분석을 시행하였으며, A형과 B형의 두 아형군 및 정상대조군과의 인구학적 특성, 임상양태의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) A형, B형, 그리고 정상대조군간의 연령, 학력, 결혼상태, 종교 등의 인구학적 특성의 차이는 없었다. 2) B형은 음주시작연령, 과다한 음주를 시작한 연령, 문제를 일으킨 연령에서 A형에 비해 세 항목 모두에서 일찍 발현하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 B형에서 A형보다 의존 정도가 더 심하며, 평균음주량 및 가장 많이 과음한 양에 있어서도 A형보다 많이 마시는 것으로 나타났다. 3) A형보다 B형에서 좀 더 1차가족 중에 알코올로 인한 문제가 있는 사람이 많이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4) B형은 A형보다 소아청소년기에 있어서 좀 더 많은 행동문제가 있음을 나타냈다. 5) 내과적 합병증, 신체생리적 후유증 및 사회적 후유증 및 생활사 후유증 또한 B형에서 좀 더 심한 분포를 보이고 있었다. 6) 정신병리요소에서 B형은 우울, 불안, 적대감에 있어서 A형보다 모두 유의하게 심한 증상을 보였다. 7) A형, B형, 정상대조군의 세 군간에서 모두 유의한 차이를 보이는 신뢰성있는 척도는 음주일수, 의존정도척도, 생활사정도 척도, 내과적 합병증, 사회적 후유증등이었다. 8) 음주 사용척도는 두 아형군과 정상대조군을 구분하는데 매우 신뢰성이 있는 척도로 나타났다. 상기의 결과를 종합해보면, 알코올사용장애에 대하여 Babor등(1992)이 분류한 A형, B형의 아형분류는 우리나라에서도 비슷한 양상을 보였으며, 이의 적용은 향후 알코올사용장애의 진단 및 이해에 이용가능할 것으로 평가한다. Objective : Multiple typologies of alcoholics have been studied, such as Jellineck's disease concept classification, Cloninger's neurobiological learning model, Zucker's developmental model, DSM Ⅲ-R and DSM Ⅳ classification, and Babor's multidimensional typology. To study if Babor's typology modification could be used to classify Korean alcoholics, we grouped 95 male inpatient alcoholics into Babor's typology modification. Methods : This study employed cluster analysis of measures representing several dimensions : premorbid risk and vulnerability dependence severity and alcohol-related problems, chronicity and alcohol-related consequences, and comorbid psychopathology. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics among Babor's type A and type B alcoholics and normal control group. Results : Type B alcoholics showed more characteristic symptoms in family history, more childhood behavior problems, earlier onset, more drinking amount, and more dependence severity, more medical, social, physical problems, more life time severity, more depressive, anxiety, hostility, compared with type A alcoholics. The statistically significant variables differentiating three groups(type A, type B, normal control group) were drinking days, dependence severity, lifetime severity, medical, social consequence. Alcohol Use Inventory to Babor's typology of alcoholism was very useful scale differentiating three groups. Conclusion : Babor's typology of alcoholism was useful for classification of inpatient alcoholics of Korea. It can be helpful and applicable to clinical diagnosis and research in Korean alcoholic patients.

L-THIA/NPS to Assess the Impacts of Urbanization on Estimated Runoff and NPS Pollution

임경재,비니드엥겔,김영석,최증대,김기성 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

The land use changes from non-urban areas to urban areas lead to the increased impervious areas, consequently increased direct runoff and higher peak runoff. Urban areas have also been recognized as significant sources of Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollution, while agricultural activities have been known as the primary sources of NPS pollution. Many features of the L-THIA/NPS GIS, L-THIA/NPS WWW system have been enhanced to provide easy-to-use system. The L-THIA model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed in Indiana to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The L-THIA/NPS GIS estimated yearly direct runoff values match the direct runoff separated from U.S. Geological Survey stream flow data reasonably. The R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe values are 0.67 and 0.60, respectively. The L-THIA estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading for each land use classification in the LEC watershed were computed. The estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading in the LEC watershed increased by 180% and 270% for the 20 years. Urbanized areas - "Commercial", "High Density Residential", and "Low Density Residential" of the LEC watershed made up around 68% of the 1991 total land areas, however contributed more than 92% of average annual runoff and 86% of total nitrogen loading. Therefore, it is essential to consider the impacts of land use change on hydrology and water quality in land use planning of urbanizing watershed.

NH4^+/H3O^+-β-Alumina 전해질을 이용한 저온형 세라믹 연료전지 기술

임성기,김우성 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2003 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.28 No.-

The researches of alternative energy are carried out to reduce the dependence of fossil energy in these days. Hydrogen energy, one of the candidates of alternative, is drawing attention due to their environmental compatibility and recyclable ability, and it is most suitable for fuel of fuel cells. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) which is called the fuel cell for next generation have many advantages such as high conversion efficiency, environmental compatibility, modularity, siting flexibility, but its high operating temperature imposes stringent material and processing requirements. For the alternative proposal for those problems, the low temperature ceramic fuel cell using NH4+/H30+ -beta-alumina for electrolyte is being investigated. In this paper, the characterization of low temperature ceramic fuel cell and electrolyte are described.

새로운 抗菌劑로서 1-(phenoxymethyl)benzotriazole 誘導體의 合成과 定量的 構造活性關係(QSAR) 分析

成洛道,林治煥,崔宇永,高東成,權奇星 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1992 생물공학연구지 Vol.2 No.-

14종의 새로 합성된 1-(phenoxymethyl)benzotriazole(Ⅰ)(Y=0)과 1-(thiophenoxymethyl)benzotriazole (Ⅱ)(Y=S) 및 1-(azidomethy) benzotriazole(Ⅲ) 유도체의 구조와 in vitro에서 Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, Valsa ceratosperma 및 Botrytis cinerea에 대한 균사 생장을 50% 저해하는 활성(pI_50)사이의 구조-항균활성 상관관계들을 QSAR방법으로 연구하였다. (Ⅰ)의 항균활성은 (Ⅱ)와 (Ⅲ)보다 우세하였으며 phenoxy group(Ⅰ)의 치환기 효과는 수소 결합성 (HB)과 포물선 관계의 electronic effect(σ), steric effect(B_1) 그리고 hydrophobic effect(π)로 설명된다. P. oryzae와 F. axysporum f. sp. sesami의 항균 활성에 대한 치환기의 적정값은 B_1=1.40A, (H)와 σ=0.07∼0.15, (H)이고 V. ceratosperma와 B. cinerea에 대하여는 각각 σ=0.23∼0.28, (C1)과 π=0.70, (C1)이었으며 가장 효과적인 화합물인 (Ia)와 (Id)의 구조-활성관계가 검토되었다 (1990년 5월 11일 접수, 1990년 9월 20일 수리). The structure-antifungal activity correlations between the structure of fourteen new 1-(phenoxymethyl)benzotriazoles (Ⅰ) (Y=0), 1-(thiophenoxymethyl)benzotriazoles (Ⅱ) (Y=S) and 1-(azidomethy)benzotriazole (Ⅲ) derivatives were synthesized, and their activity, fifty percent inhibition of mycelial growth(pI_50), in vitro against Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp sesami, Valsa ceratosperma and Botrytis cinerea were investigated using a generalized QSAR method. The activity of (Ⅰ) was superior to those of (Ⅱ) and (Ⅲ). The effect of the substituents (Ⅹ) on the phenoxy group (Ⅰ) was rationalized by a parabolic function of electronic (σ), steric (B_1) and hydrophobic parameter(π), and hydrogen bonding (HB). Where the optimal values of substituent on the fungicidal activity againt P. oryzae and F. axysporum f. sp. sesami are B_1=1.40A ; (H) and σ=0.07∼0.15;(H), and those of substituent on the fungicidal activity against V. ceratosperma and B. cinerea are σ=0.23∼0.28; (Cl), π=0.70; (C1), respectively. The most effective compound (Ⅰa) and (Ⅰd) were examined in this study.

四君子湯 抽出液이 家兎의 體液性 免疫反應에 미치는 影響

林圭庠,文炳淳,李起男 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1987 圓光醫科學 Vol.3 No.1

The present experiment was investigated on the effects of Sagunjatang extract on the humoral immune response of rabbit. In order to understand the immune respone of the extract, one of the experimental groups was treated with the antigen, E. coli Ry 13 suspension and the extract. And the serum separated from the treated group was analyzed. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The body weight of the rabbit treated with Sagunjatang extract was increased remarkably. 2. Sagunjatang extract did not affect the number of erythrocytes, however, it increased the number of WBC in small amount. It means that the extract activates the WBC related with producing antibody. 3. The synthesis of γ-globulin was stimulated by the Sagunjatang extract in the present experiment.