원주민 이야기꾼의 책임감: 조이 하조의 동화책 두 권을 중심으로

이승례 ( Seung Rae Lee ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구는 조이 하조의 두 권의 동화책이 공통적으로 원주민 전통을 보존하고 전달하는 이야기꾼으로서의 책임감을 실천하고 있음을 논의한다. 하조는 백인의 문화 속에서 "딕과 제인의 시리즈"를 교과서로 배우며 자라난 원주민 후손 세대들에 대해 우려를 표명한다. 그들이 스스로의 이야기를 상상하고 창조하기를 바라는 마음으로 동화로 발간한다. 첫째, 『행운의 고양이』는 생존의 이야기를 다룬 동화집이다. 하조는 원주민의 놀라운 생존의 역사를 후손들에게 내러티브의 형식을 통해 생생하게 전달한다. 이 작품의 주인공인 도시 고양이 우기의 "아홉 개의 목숨"은 원주민 전통의 세계관과 미학을 구체화한다. 두 번째, 『소녀되기』는 성장의 이야기를 원주민 전통의 제식적 시로 그려낸 동화집이다. 할머니이자 이야기꾼으로서 작가는 미래의 세대들이 가족과 공동체 속에서 아름답고 강한 여성으로 성장하는 여정을 축복하고 그 지침을 전달한다. 본 논문은 원주민 여성작가 하조가 두 권의 동화를 통해 조상으로부터 미래세대까지 이어지는 연속성의 가치를 창조하는 원주민 이야기꾼으로서의 역할을 수행한다는 점에 초점을 두었다. A Native Storyteller`s Responsibility: with Joy Harjo`s Two Children`s Books as the Center Lee, Seung-rae This study brings out the fact that Joy Harjo`s two children`s books are playing roles as a storyteller preserving the native traditions and conveying them. Harjo expresses her concern about the descendant generations having grown under the dominant cultural education by the text book "Dick and Jane series". The children`s books were published by Harjo`s desire for them to imagine a story of themselves and create it. The Good Luck Cat is dealing with survival. Harjo explains their history to the descendant generation by storytelling. The main character is Woogie, whose "nine lives" gives a shape to the world view of the native traditions and their aesthetics. The second book For a Girl Becoming treats growth. The author, who is a grandmother as well as a storyteller, blesses the next generation`s growth to be beautiful and strong woman in their family and community and she also conveys the protocol. Harjo, as a storyteller, creates the value of continuity from ancestry to posterity.

당뇨병과 동반된 화농성 간농양의 임상상 및 예후인자

오은숙,강무일,이원영,오기원,임동준,이소영,이정민,고승현,김성래,안유배,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2000 임상당뇨병 Vol.1 No.1

연구배경: 감염질환은 혈관질환과 함께 당뇨병의 중요한 사망원인의 하나이며, 혈당조절이 불량할수록 감염 빈도가 증가됨은 잘 알려져 있다. 간농양의 발생이 있어서도 당뇨병은 중요한 기저질환 중의 하나이다. 일반적으로 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균은 Escherichi coli라고 알려져 있으나, 최근 당뇨병을 가진 간농양 환자에서 Klesiella pneumoniae의 검출이 증가되고 있다. 또 최근 연구에 의하면 K.pneumonie가 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균이며, K. pneumoniae에 의한 간농양은 K.pneumoniae 이외의 균주에 의한 간농양보다 당뇨병과 밀접히 관련되어 있다고 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 간농양 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병환자의 빈도를 알아보고, 그 원인균 및 특징을 비당뇨병 환자들의 경우와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1999년 6월까지 방사선학적 검사 혹은 수술에 의해 간농양이 확인되거나, 경피적 천자나 수술을 통한 배농액 배양, 혹은 혈액 검사에서 원인균이 증명된 182명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 임상고찰을 실시하였다. 결과: 화농성 농양을 가진 167명의 환자(남:94명, 여:73명)중 당뇨병을 가진 환자는 54명 (남:30명, 여:24명)으로 32.3%를 차지하였다. 환자의 평균나이는 당뇨군에서 62.1 ± 13.4세, 비당뇨군에서는 55.1 ±15.5세로 당뇨군에서 높았으며(p=0.0021), 남녀간의 평균나이 비교 시 두 군 모두 여성의 나이가 의미있게 높았다. 비당뇨군에 비하여 당뇨군의 경우 저알부민혈증의 빈도와 aspartate transaminase가 증가되어있었다. 원인균주는 K. pneumoniae (당뇨군54%, 비당뇨군 39.1%), E. coli(당뇨군 17.5%, 비당뇨군 18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus 순이었으며 두 군간의 의미는 차이는 없었으나 K. pneumoniae의 경우 다른 균종에 비해 단독감염의 빈도가 높았다(82.8%). 사망률은 당뇨군에서 16.7%, 비당뇨군에서 7.1%로 당뇨군에서 의미있게 높았으며(p=0.019), 당뇨군에서의 사망환자는 모두 패혈증이 동반되어 있었다. 당뇨환자의 사망군은 생존군에 비해 당뇨병 이환기간이 길고 혼합감염의 빈도가 높았다(p=0.046). 검사실 소견에서는 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가가 관찰되어 있었다. 결론: E. coli가 간농양의 주된 원인균이라는 기존 보고와는 달리 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 K. pneumoniae가 간농양의 주된 원인균이었다. 또한 당뇨 유병기간이 길고 당뇨조절이 불량한 환자에서 혼합감염이며 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가등과 같은 위험인자가 존재할 경우 사망률이 증가될 수 있으므로 이들 군에서는 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Liver abscesses are commonly associated with underlying disease, particularly diabete mellitus. The number of the liver abscesses caused by Klebslella pneumoniae in diabetic patient has been increased in Korea nowadays. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of pyogenic liver abscesses, especially in diabetic patients and to determine the proportion of K. pneunomiae as a pathogen in liver abscess in Korea. Methods: Medical records of 167 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from January, 1992 through June, 1999 were reviewed retrospectively in detail. Major Pathogenic organism, clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, the importance of diabetes mellilus as an underlying disease and its effect on clinical features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among 167 cases of pyogenic liver abscess, underlying diabetes mellitus was present in 32.3%. The mean age of patients was 62.7 13.4 years in diabetic liver abscess group and 55.1 15.5 years in non-diabetic liver abscess group. Most liver abscesses were cryptogenic in origin or secondary to the billary tree diseases. The clinical presentations among the two groups were not significantly different. When compared to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had significantly higher proportions of hypoalbuminemia and elevated aspartate transaminase level. The most common organism of the pyogenic abscess was K. pneumoniae in both groups. Percutaneous drainage of the abscess with appropriate antibiotics was the most commonly used therapeutic modality in liver abscess. The mortality rate of diabetic liver abscess is 16.1 % and 7.1% in nondiabetic liver abscess. Complications, especially septicemla, were found more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (64.8% vs 28.3%, septicemia : 31.5% vs 9.7%). The factors influencing mortality in the diabetic liver abscess were disease duration, mixed infection, presence of septicemia, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions: In contrast to prior report that the E. coli was the most common pathogen in liver abscess, we found that K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in liver abscess. Diabetic patients have more complications and higher mortality than patients without diabetes. Early detection and proper treatment are needed to improve the outcome for diabetic patient with liver abscess.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

측두하악관절조영술을 이용한 측두하악관절장애의 임상적 연구

이상래,황의환,이승현 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1998 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study was to prove the relationship between arthrographic and clinical features in temporomandibular joint disorders. In order to carry out this study, ninety-eight arthrographic examinations of temporomandibular joints were performed on eighty-two patients who had the temporomandibular joint disorders. As the arthrographic examination, the cases were classified in three groups, disk displacement with reduction, disk displacement without reduction, within normal limit. After this, the cases were clinically examined, and the results were compared and analyzed in each other group. The obtained results were as follows: 1. As the classification by arthrographic examination, three groups(disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, within normal limit)were 41%, 54%, 5% of total cases in this study, respectively. 2. The third decade(65%) was most frequent in this study. The average age of each group(disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, within normal limit) was 24, 28, 21, and disc displacement without reduction group was higher than any other group. 3. In the chief complaint, pain was the most frequent in all three groups. Joint sound was also frequent in disc displacement with reduction group, but in disc displacement without reduction group, limitation of mouth opening was more frequent. 4. Of the various pain, the movement pain was most frequent(61%) in this study. In joint sound, click(63%) was the most frequent in disc displacement with reduction group, but sound history(42%) and no sound(31%) were more frequent in disc displacement without reduction group. 5. The average maximum opening of each group (disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, within normal limit) was 44mm, 32.9mm, 44mm, and disc displacement without reduction group was less than any other group. 6. The masticatory disturbance of each group (disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, within normal limit) was 53%, 79%, 40%, and the trauma history of each group was 50%, 40%, 60%.

開放化時代의 水産經濟學의 課題

李承來 釜山水産大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.49 No.-

In this paper, fishery economics is reviewed to extend a basic opportunity for developing new fishery economics and to evaluate the effects of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure of Korea. The principle outline of extensions emphasis to realize the modern fishery problems based on fishery economics and develop the practical methodology in order to analyze the impacts of the import liberalization on the fishery and fishermen welfare. During the process of export-oriented industrilization, the role and position of fishery in the economy is changed dynamically. When faced with the imperative of the role and position of fishery in the economy, fishery economics and domestic policy makers must decide how to organize themselves for solving fishery problems under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade. Fishery problems impacted by the new regime can not be solved by fishery itself but be solved by the centralized efforts of all contributors in national views. Therefore the new systematic analytical methodology must be develop and the traditional fishery economics must be related to the regional development strategy and fishery sociology as subsidiary theories specialized. Due to the impacts of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure, fishery economists face with redical changes in the domestic fishery : a place of the resources harvest to place of the combination resource harvest and its demand, a fishing as a resource exploitation to a fishing as a resource management, a traditional small scale costal fishing to a modernized and scaled fishing, fishery using the given natural resource itself to fishery as technology intensive industry, and a food supply industry to a welfare indusry based on the regional and economic resource and social environment. As these changes, fishery and its community's regional and economic resource and social environments as multiple roles of the regional economic development are emphasized in fishery economics under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade. Furthermore, domestic policy makers and administrators in a public sector must realize the above redical changing trends in fishery and understand a social and economic environment in fishery and develop a new fishery structure focusing on the fishing system and the fishery laws. As this point, they make efforts to improve and develop fishery as a food supply industry. Japan, for example, has a non-governmental organization to conflict the problem of international fishery such as a movement of a civil environmental protection. Also fishermen in Japan already realized conservation and pollution problems in fishing as fundamental issues of human being. In focusing on these realizations, fishery economists and organizations must emphasize a role of education and information in structuring public sector collective relationship in fishery. Also they cope with difficulty of the import liberalization on the fish trade positively and this difficulty takes into account after due a consideration of conserving domestic resources and fish consumers. Generally, the effects of the import liberalization of agriculture products has dampening effects on the production and farm income through reduction of prices of farm products in the domestic market. The impact of complete liberalization of farm products seem serious. But these effects on the fish trade are differ from that of agriculture and may enhance domestic fishery including a costal fishery, an inshore fishery and a deepsea fishery in long run if this difficulty is solved by a centralization of the fishery resource management reponsibility in professional skills, specialized knowledge, quick access to relevant data, and quantities of time and energy. Such a pinpointing of fishery resource management responsibility for difficulty of the import liberalization on the fish trade reconstructs a domestic fishery strongly. Finally, it is realized that the public income policy based on the fish products in the domestic market is not enough to remove problems of fishery and fish community practically. In fishery, a critical problem is not occurred by the role of fishery as food supply industry but the well-being of fisherman and fish community considering the given regional fishery resources and social and economic environments. This critical fishery problem can not be solved by efforts of an administration but be solved by centralized efforts of all contributors in national views. These centralized efforts focus on the regional development and the regional specialization in fishery depended on the given regional and social environments. Otherwise, a public income policy may accelerate the out-migration of fishing community people to urban sector and further reduce the rate of self-sufficiency of fish and weaken fishery in the domestic market. It is likely to premature to conclude that fishery economists emphasis to include a regional fishery, a regional development and a fishery sociology and the specialized theories of these are integrated into one fishery economics under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade structure.

발전소의 고장 조기진단을 위한 체계적인 계측값 검증기법에 관한 연구

이승철,어래진 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1997 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

많은 계기들이 설치되고 이들로부터 수집되는 정보에 근거하여 운전되는 대형발전소엣 계기들간에 존재하는 인과관계의 형태를 규명하고 그러한 인관관계들을 이용하여 계측값의 검증을 체계적으로 수행할 수 있는 기법을 개발하는 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 계기간의 인과관계를 효과적으로 나타낼 수 있는 graph형태의 데이터 구조를 구현하고 이를 계측값 검증기법 및 고장진단에 적용하기 위해서 계측값의 유효성 여부 판정 방법, 유효한 계기값들의 오차파급과 graph에서의 유효급수 파급효과 분석을 하였다. 그리고 제안한 기법을 전형적인 화력발전소의 급수 계통에 적용하여 그 효용을 보였다. In large scale automated industrial plants monitored by numerous sensors, fault monitoring and diagnosis tasks should be performed based on sensor values collected in real time. However, sensor values quite ofter include errors, pick up noises, or sensor itself may even fail. Therefore, it is crucial to validate the sensor values prior to their use in system control, monitoring and fault diagnosis. In this paper, a technique is proposed that can systematically explore the embedded redundancies of the sensors in a system and utilize them in quickly validating sensor values. The relationships existing among the sensor values are defined as the causal relations (CRs). Two CRs having any sensor in common can be viewed as related and logically chained together. Consequently, a chain of several CRs can be creasted if a system comprises many such CRs. This chain of CRs is realized using a data structure called a sensor redundancy graph(SRG). The technique is based on causal relations (CRs) and their interrelations within sensor redundancy graphs(SRGs). In this paper, sensor relationships involving complex dynamic behaviors will be incorporated into the validation method and The consistecy criteria using the statistical method will be proposed.

矮性강남콩 品種의 生育 및 뿌리혹 發生에 미치는 GA 및 SADH 效果

李政明,金侊來,鄭承龍 慶熙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of GA and SADH on the growth and root nodule development of 5 bush-type snapbean cultivars. Plants were grown in 24-cm plastic pots from April to August, 1980, GA treatment increased shoot fresh weight and root dry weight, but decreased nodule number per plant and per unit root dry weight. SADG in-creased root dry weight and nodule number. SADH 1,000 ppm was most effective in increasing nodule number. Among the cultivars tested, 'Heuksando' showed the highest nodule number and 'Jinzu' the lowest. 'The effect of growth regulators varied considerably depending upon the cultivars tested.

중등학교 체육수업 운영실태와 문제점 및 미래의 과제

이광재,김윤래,김승재,황향희,김수남 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1996 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.20

The purpose of this study was to offer the basic materials on the secondary physiscl education. The subjects were 129 physiscl education teachers at K provience. The results were as follows: In teaching learning methods, the more educated experience teacher had the more improvement feeled. In the degree of difficulty of current physiscl curriculum, the more educated experience teacher had, the higher it was to be thought. In the goal achievement, the more educated experience had, the more it affected the goal achievement. The efficiency and ability of methods was not shown a significant difference among educated experience group, but shouled be consider it. The equipment and implement of goal achievement was not show a significant difference among educated experience group, but should be consider it. The evaluation of propriety and objectivity and on psychomotor, affective, and cognitive domain was not shown a significant difference.

인벌류트 곡선의 Biarc Curve Fitting 최적화에 관한 연구

이춘만,조승래 창원대학교 공작기계기술연구센터 1999 연구업적집 Vol.1 No.1

The determination of the optimum biarc curve passing through a given set of points along involute curve is studied. The method adopted is that of finding the optimum number of span and the optimum length of the span such that the error between the biarc curve and involute curve is minimum. Iterative method is effectively used to find the optimum number and length of the span on involute curve with reduced length of NC-code.