홧병 경험군과 홧병 비경험군간의 홧병의 질병개념에 대한 비교연구

홍진표,김창윤,이창화,김성윤,박인호,이철,한오수 울산대학교 의과대학 1995 울산의대학술지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective The concept of Hwa-byung in terms of illness entity remains vague. In order to clarify such illness entity, this study was conducted to find out differences and similarities in subjects who experienced Hwa-byung and those who did not experienced Hwa-byung from a wide distribution within the general population. Method (1) Test Material The questionnaires were made up with reference to previously published articles on Hwa-byung, to SCL-90-R and to diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅲ-R. The questionnaires included the subject's demographic variables, their awareness of Hwa-byung, their experience of Hwa-byung, and also their opinions about its possible causes, precipitating factors, symptomatology, effective treatment modalities, course and prognosis of Hwa-byung. Such questionnaires were given to 50 subjects, all of whom are psychiatric out-patients at Asan Medical Center, for determining its validity and reliability before selecting 27 questionnaires. (2) Subject Subjects were recruited from among patients and their family members who visited the out-patient clinics of seven different departments at Asan Medical Center in Seoul a large metropolis (N=334), the out-patient clinics of seven different departments of Hae Sung General Hospital in the industrial city of Ulsan, Korea (N=299) and the seven branches of the public health center of Yeonchun county, Korea (N=262), a rural area. From these 895 subjects, 67 subjects who don't know about Hwa-byung and 34 subjects who didn't answered to the question on experience were eliminated from study subjects. The final number of study subjects was 794. (3) Methods of analysis The subjects were divided into the Hwa-byung experienced group and the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. The demographic data and the concepts of Hwa-byung were statistically analyzed by the student t-test or the chi-sq test. Results and Discussion The mean age of the Hwa-byung experienced group is significantly higher than that of the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. MOre women experienced Hwa-byung than men and lesser educated subjects experienced significantly more Hwa-byung. The place of residence, the place of upbringing and socioeconomic status have no significant difference statistically between the two groups. Both groups considered the primary cause of Hwa-byung as being psychological origin. However in the Hwa-byung experienced group, more subjects considered that the supernatural factor was the primary cause of Hwa-byung. One of the primary precipitating events causing Hwa-byung in both groups is conflict in interpersonal relationships ; however, the Hwa-byung inexperienced group exhibited more experiences in the realm of economical losses such as "failure of business" or "loss of capital" as precipitating factors causing Hwa-byung. Both groups consider that the symptoms of Hwa-byung are a combination of multiple physical and mental symptoms. With particular respect to in mental symptoms, such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and hostility are thought to be prominent features. As effective treatment modalities, subjects in both groups consider that both himself and his family members should make effort to resolve intrafamilial conflicts. But in contrast with the Hwa-byung inexperienced group, the Hwa-byung experienced group requires more concrete and more attention-giving modalities as important treatment strategies. The Hwa-byung experienced group considers its prognosis more grave than the Hwa-byung inexperienced group.

버스정보시스템(BIS)을 위한 모바일 환경의 시각화 기법 연구

박동규,박진화,이수진,박은호,류동성,어윤 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper we describe a visualization method for Bus Information System(BIS) on Mobile Environment. A BIS is a key service for Intelligent Transport System(ITS) on public transportation area. We present a client-server based visualization technique for bus route information over Internet Protocol and user-oriented regional information service with a voice and animation. We also describe the design and implementation of this kind of schematic map generation system with icon and label.

제 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 대사증후군의 유병률 및 관련요인의 특징

박철진,박거운,박일구,신지혜,김진화,배학연,김상용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.3

Background: People with insulin resistance has a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This leads to the importance in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The incidence of metabolic syndrome has increased significantly in korea because of an increased population of obese people and also the incidence of DM. There have been many studies done on the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the general population. Therefore, the authors have designed this study to identify the incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 DM and also the associated characteristics in that population. Methods: The study included 169 adults over the age of 20 (84 males and 85 females) admitted to the endocrinology department of Chosun University between Jan, 1st 2005 and May, 31st 2006. Out of the people diagnosed with type 2 DM people were excluded when any of the physical measurements (height, weight, blood pressure, abdominal circumference) and blood measurements (TG, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood sugar) were insufficient and when the patient was taking any drugs other than anti-hy-pertensive agents and oral anti-diabetic agents. Obesity and the other risk factors were defined by the Asian-Pacific guideline and 2001 ATP III of NCEP, respectively. Result: The each prevalence according to the metabolic syndrome criteria of the type 2 DM patients showed low HDL cholesterolemia with the highest incidence of 57.4% followed by hypertng1yceridemia(52.0%), obesity(40.9%) and hypertension(33.0%). The each incidence of diagnostic criteria in metabolic syndrome according to sex was different, In males, hypertriglyceridemia was the highest with the incidence of 57.7% followed by low HDL-cho1estero1emia(49.5%), obesity(40.9%) and hypertension (30.0%). In women, the incidence were low HDL-cho1estero1emia(64.8%), hyperthg1yceridemia(47.6%), obesity(45.0%) and hypertension(36.0%), in a descending order. The analysis between the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in type 2 DM patients and the criteria showed that hyperthglyceridemia (correlative value 0.575) had the highest correlation followed by low HDL-cholesterolemia (correlative value 0.446), obesity (correlative value 0.350) and hypertension (correlative value 0.410). All the correlations were statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.01. Conclusions: Type 2 DM is a important factor of metabolic syndrome based on insulin resistance. The control of blood glucose with prevention and early diagnosis of the other factors related to metabolic syndrome in type 2 DM is important for preventing cardiovascular complications.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

청간소요산으로 호전된 설통 환자 3례

김연진,양승보,김정화,이상화,조승연,박성욱,박정미,고창남,Kim, Yeon-jin,Yang, Seung-bo,Kim, Jeong-hwa,Lee, Sang-hwa,Cho, Seung-yeon,Park, Seong-uk,Park, Jung-mi,Ko, Chang-nam 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: This clinical study reports the effects of Cheonggansoyo-san (CSS) on three patients with glossodynia. Methods: Three patients with glossodynia were treated with CSS (i.e., an herbal medicine) and acupuncture. Numeric rating scales (NRSs) for glossodynia and dry mouth and hwa-byung questionnaire scores were evaluated, and the results from heart rate variability (HRV) evaluations were analyzed. Results: After treatment with CSS, three patients' glossodynia symptoms, such as burning sensations, tingling, and numbness of the tongue, were improved. NRS ratings for glossodynia and dry mouth and the hwa-byung questionnaire scores also improved, and HRV parameters were closer to the normal range. Conclusion: Cheonggansoyo-san could be used to treat glossodynia.

韓·日 兩國의 農學思想 비교 : Especially in the 17th and 18th Centuries 17·18세기를 중심으로

朴花珍 부산대사학회 1993 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.17

有限要素法에 의한 H型鋼 보의 彈塑性解析 : 전단력의 영향을 중심으로

박천석,이화진 釜山工業大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Most of the literature regarking the deflection of structures in the inelastic range is restricted to bending, but the additional deflection due to shear is often very important. Additionally, shear mayreduce the plastic moment capacity of members and, in some case, may change the order of occurrence of the plastic hinges. In this paper, the effect of shear of the deflection response and on the reduction of plastic moment capacity in H-beams is presented. The finite elemint analysis considering material nonlinearity is used and the layered approach is adopted to investigate the plasticization of steel beam. The soltuion of nonlinear equations is achieved by the tangential stiffness method. It is found that the effect of shear on both the deflection and plastic moment greatly increases if the beam experiences yielding in shear.

TAME 합성반응의 속도론적 연구

박진화 全南大學校 觸媒硏究所 1998 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

In this study, on synthesis reaction for the octane enhancers known its, TAME reaction was carried out using macroreticular ion exchanged resins catalysts, The characteristics of catalysts and the reaction kinetics have been experimented at atmospheric pressure in a differential flow reactor. We studied activity of catalysts, the reaction mechanism, and kinetics. In order to develop highly functional acids catalysts. the kinetic mechanism was thoroughly discussed through adsorption kinetics. The rate determining step of the reaction mechanism seemed to be th surface reaction between adsorbed methanol on one active site and adsorbed isoamylalcohol on other active site. The best fitting model was Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) kinetics, which was expressed as follows. ??, ?? The activation energy of the surface reaction was estimated through by the reaction rate constants and by the adsorption equilibrium constants. The apparent activation energy was as follows. Amberlyst-15 Ea = 12.36 Kcal/mole. Amterlyst-15(wet) Ea = 12.46 Kcal/mole, Amterlyst XN-1010 Ea = 14.72 Kcal/mole

수직적 안모유형에 따른 치료 후 교합평면 안정성에 관한 연구

박정은,차경석,이진우,정동화 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.5

본 연구는 수직적 안모유형에 따른 치료 후 교합평면 변화양상을 조사하여 향후 적절한 치료계획과 기전의 설정에 도움이 되고자 시행하였다. 골격성 1급 부정교합으로 진단되어 비발치로 치료받은 성인 60명(남자 28명, 여자 32명)을 대상으로 하였으며, Ricketts법의 facial axis, facial depth, mandibular plane angle, lower face height, mandibular arc의 5개 항목을 이용하여 한국 성인의 정상교합자 통계치의 기준에 따라 short face type (1군), average face type (2군), long face type (3군)으로 분류하였다. 각 군의 치료 전, 치료 종료, 종료 후 1년의 측모두부 방사선사진 계측치를 비교 분석하였다. 1군은 치료 종료 시와 비교하여 유지기간에 일반적 교합평면각, 기능적 교합평면각, L6/L1, MP-L6 항목이 유의하게 감소하였고 (p<0.01) L1-FOP 항목은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 2군은 유지기간에 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 3군은 유지기간에 기능적 교합평면각이 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 기능적 교합평면각의 치료 후 변화량은 각 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였으며 특히, 1군과 3군 간에 매우 큰 유의성을 보였다. 따라서 치아의 압하, 정출 및 치료 후 전치부 피개 등에 있어 유지기간 중 교합평면각 변화의 고려가 필요하다고 생각된다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find changes in the occlusal plane related to different vertical facial patterns and suggest treatment goals and conduct possible treatment mechanisms. Methods: 60 adult patients (28 males, 32 females) who had been diagnosed as Class I skeletal malocclusion and treated without extraction were selected. Patients were divided into three groups; short face type (group 1), average face type (group 2) and long face type (group 3), using the data on normal occlusion of Korean adults. Results: The results were achieved by analyzing cephalometric tracings of each group at pre-treatment, end-treatment and post-treatment (about 1 year recall check). The inclination of the occlusion plane tends to gradually increase as the face becomes longer. In group 1, COP-X, FOP-X, L6/L1, MP-L6 were significantly decreased, and L1-FOP was significantly increased during the retention period (T3-T2). Group 2 showed no significant change. In group 3, FOP-X was significantly increased during the retention period (T3-T2). During the retention period, FOP-X showed significant change among each group, especially between group 1 and group 3. Conclusion: These results suggest that changes of occlusal plane inclination according to facial vertical pattern need to be considered during the retention period for intrusion, extrusion, and incisor overbite.

지체부자유 학생의 교사 행동 지각과 자아 개념의 특성 및 관계

박화문,한세진 한국특수교육문제연구소 2003 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the characteristic in perception of teacher behavior and self-concept of students with physical disability. For this purpose, the questionnaire for perception of teacher behavior and self-concept for students were distributed to 137 students with physical disability. Subjects in this study were in middle school student (n=51) and high school students(n=86) attending now special school for physical disabled: boys 90, girls 47 The test for perception of teacher behavior of students was composed of 4 sub categories supportive help, negative feed back and teacher direction, work and orientation, high exception and opportunity choice. The self-concept test for students consisted of 4 sub categories, and only three of them was employed, the general self-concept, the academic self-concept, emotional and physical self-concept. To observe relationship between teacher behavior perception and self-concept for students t-test, variance analysis, Pearson correlations were produced in gender, grade. The results of this study were as follows First, there were significant differences between boys and girls in negative feedback and teacher direction, the teacher' s work and rule orientation out of teacher behavior. But there are no significant differences between boys and girls in the teacher’s supportive help, the teacher’s high expectation, opportunity and choice out of teacher behavior. And there were no significant differences on students ’ s perception of teacher behavior in grade. Sceond, there were no significant differences on self-concept - the general self-concept, the academic self-concept, emotional and physical self-concept characlerislics for students, with physical disabilities in gender and grade Third, there were relationship between teacher behavior perception and self-concept. Students's perceptîon for the teacher's supportive help, the teacher’s high expeclalion, opporlunily and choice were appeared correlation on the general self-concept, the acadcmic self-concept, emotional and physical self-concept of students's with physical clisability. However,students’s perception for teacher' s negative feedback and direction is a negatiνe correlation on lhe emotional and physical self -concept of students with physical disability. 본 연구는 지체부자유 학생의 교사 행동 지각과 자아 개념간의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 전국에 소재한 지체부자유 학교에 재학중인 중 · 고등학생 137 명을 대상으로 교사 행동 지각과 자아 개념을 조사하였다. 그 결과 교사의 지지적 도움 행동과 교사의 높은 기대 및 더 많은 기대와 선택 부여 행동에 대한 지체부자유 학생의 지각은 일반적,학문적,정의적 자아 개념과 정적상 관이 있었으며, 부정적 피드백과 지사 행동에 대한 지체부자유 학생의 지각은 정의적 자아 개념과 부적 상관이 있었다. 교사의 학업과 규칙 지향 행동에 대한 지체부자유 학생의 지각은 일반적 자아 개념과 낮은 상관만이 있을 뿐 학문적,정의적 자아 개념과는 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다.