TAME 합성반응의 속도론적 연구

박진화 全南大學校 觸媒硏究所 1998 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

In this study, on synthesis reaction for the octane enhancers known its, TAME reaction was carried out using macroreticular ion exchanged resins catalysts, The characteristics of catalysts and the reaction kinetics have been experimented at atmospheric pressure in a differential flow reactor. We studied activity of catalysts, the reaction mechanism, and kinetics. In order to develop highly functional acids catalysts. the kinetic mechanism was thoroughly discussed through adsorption kinetics. The rate determining step of the reaction mechanism seemed to be th surface reaction between adsorbed methanol on one active site and adsorbed isoamylalcohol on other active site. The best fitting model was Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) kinetics, which was expressed as follows. ??, ?? The activation energy of the surface reaction was estimated through by the reaction rate constants and by the adsorption equilibrium constants. The apparent activation energy was as follows. Amberlyst-15 Ea = 12.36 Kcal/mole. Amterlyst-15(wet) Ea = 12.46 Kcal/mole, Amterlyst XN-1010 Ea = 14.72 Kcal/mole

국민연금제도 변화를 통한 노령의 사회적 위험 대응수준 고찰

박진화 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.1

A Review of the Level of Response to Social Risks ofOld Age Through in the National Pension SystemJinhwa Park Abstract: This study examined the level of responding to social risks of old age through changes in the scope and salary level of the national pension system, a key retirement income guarantee system in a compressed aging society. The research method is a literature study through statistical data and papers, and the analysis results are as follows. First, the scope of application was expanded to workplaces with one or more employees, rural and urban areas, and the number of subscribers to the economically active population in 2020 was about 80% by easing subscriber standards through blind spot resolution policies. Second, the salary level is less than the appropriate living cost for the elderly, but the maximum and average amount are increasing as the system matures, indicating that the National Pension Service is playing a role as a mechanism for responding to social risks of old age. It was suggested that the insufficient part of retirement income security be supplemented through private pensions. Key Words: Old Age, Social Risk, National Pension, Scope of Application, Pension Benefit 국민연금제도 변화를 통한 노령의 사회적 위험 대응수준 고찰박 진 화** 요약: 본 연구는 압축적인 인구고령화 사회에서 핵심적인 노후소득보장제도인 국민연금제도의 적용범위와 급여수준의 변화를 통해 노령의 사회적 위험 대응수준을 고찰해보았다. 연구방법은 통계자료와 논문 등을 통한 문헌연구이며, 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 적용범위는 1인 이상 사업장과 농어촌 및 도시지역 자영자까지 확대되었고, 사각지대 해소정책을 통해 가입자 기준을 완화함으로써 2020년 경제활동인구 대비 가입자 수는 약 80%였다. 둘째, 급여수준은 고령층이 생각하는 적정 생활비에는 못 미치고 있지만 제도가 성숙됨에 따라 최고액과 평균액이 증가하고 있어 국민연금이 노령의 사회적 위험의 대응기제로서의 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 노후소득보장의 불충분한 부분은 사적연금을 통해 보완할 것을 제언하였다. 핵심어: 노령, 사회적 위험, 국민연금, 적용범위, 연금급여 □ 접수일: 2021년 12월 29일, 수정일: 2022년 1월 30일, 게재확정일: 2022년 2월 20일* 이 논문은 2021년 위덕대학교 국내학술진흥연구비의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(2021-0021). ** 위덕대학교 사회복지학과 조교수(Professor, Uiduk Univ., Email: pjh266@uu.ac.kr)

고차모드의 영향을 고려한 비선형 직접스펙트럼법

박진화,강병두,노필성,김재웅 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 2002 硏究報告 Vol.26 No.1

Recently, a variety of methods are proposed to solve the problems shown in a existing performance-based design of structure. Among those methods, capacity spectrum method(ATC-40, FEMA-273) is one of general methods. The basis of the capacity spectrum method is the idea that the peak response of an inelastic system can be estimated as the peak response of a linear elastic system(equivalent single degree of freedom) with reduced stiffness and increased damping. However, the capacity spectrum method with equivalent SDOF systems characterizing the nonlinear response of multistory structures frequently makes iterative calculations and inaccurate results; and may potentially mislead if higher modes play a significant role in the response. Accordingly, in this study, nonlinear direct spectrum method is proposed and examined as one of methods considering the influence of higher modes to improve accuracy of analysis.

시비처리에 따른 2년생 편백나무 용기묘의 내건성 반응특성

박진화,김재희,이도형 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.53 No.2

The main aim of this study is first to measure changes in the growth of 2-year-oldChamaecyparis obtusa containerized seedlings as influenced by fertilizer treatments and throughwater resistance measurement by water supply cut-off, second to establish a proper fertilizationplan for the promotion of drought resistance, and finally to provide basic data for healthyseeding production. For fertilization treatments, the height growth of C. obtusa seedlings was26.96±0.87 cm at a weak (1.0 g/L) fertilizer treatment, while the diameter growth of root collarwas 4.76±0.18 mm at an intermediate (2.0 g/L) fertilizer treatment (p<0.0001). Furthermore, thequality index of seedling was 0.83 at an intermediate (2.0 g/L) fertilizer treatment, which is thehighest one, while total chlorophyll content was 16.19 mg/g at a weak (1.0 g/L) fertilizertreatment. For the abscisic acid content of C. obtusa seedlings for each fertilizer treatmentduring water supply cut-off, the lowest abscisic acid content of 3671.70 ng/g was found at an intermediate (2.0 g/L) fertilizer treatment. Exceptionally, seedlings with strong (3.0 g/L) fertilizertreatment showed poor growth, caused by damaged leaves due to the excessive fertilizertreatment. Furthermore, the highest total chlorophyll content of 15.12 mg/g was observed at anintermediate (2.0 g/L) fertilizer treatment due to less effect of drought stress on chlorophyll. Wethus found the lowest abscisic acid content and the highest chlorophyll content of C. obtusaseedlings during water cutoff or drought stress at the intermediate (2.0 g/L) fertilizer treatment. The results suggested that the appropriate fertilizer treatment for improving the droughtresistance of C. obtusa seedlings is the intermediate (2.0 g/L) level. 본 연구는 편백나무 2-0 용기묘를 대상으로 시비처리에 따른 생장변화와 시비처리 후 단수처리에따른 내건성 측정을 통해 내건성 증진을 위한 적정시비 방안을 수립하여 건강한 묘목 생산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 시비처리에 따른 편백나무 묘목은 약도(1.0 g/L) 시비구에서 묘고생장량(26.96±0.87 cm)을 나타냈으며, 근원경 생장은 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 가장 높은 생장량(4.76±0.18 mm)을 나타내어 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.0001). 묘목품질지수(SQI)는 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 0.83으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 전체 엽록소 함량은 약도(1.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 16.19 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 단수처리에 따른 시비구별 편백나무 묘목의 ABA함량은 과시비로 인해 엽 피해가 발생하여 생육이 건전하지 못한 강도(3.0 g/L)의 시비구를 제외하면중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 가장 낮은 ABA 함량 값(3671.70 ng/g)을 나타냈고, 전체 엽록소 함량은중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 건조스트레스에 따른 엽록소의 파괴가 적어 가장 높은 엽록소 함량 값(15.12 mg/g)을 나타냈다. 따라서 편백나무는 중도(2.0 g/L)의 시비구에서 건조스트레스에 따른 ABA의 함량이 가장 적고, 엽록소의 함량은 가장 높게 나타나 편백나무의 내건성 증진을 위한 적정 시비수준은 중도(2.0 g/L)라고 판단된다.

해석과 시험을 통한 선박진동의 기진력 특성 파악

박진화 한국소음진동공학회 2007 한국소음진동공학회 세미나 Vol.2007 No.6

FEMA 440 방법을 통한 구조물의 내진성능 평가

박진화,김영주,안태상,Park, J.H.,Kim, Y.J.,Ann, T.S. 한국전산구조공학회 2011 전산구조공학 Vol.24 No.3

Study on NVOCs Concentration Characteristics by Season, Time and Climatic Factors: Focused on Pinus densiflora Forest in National Center for Forest Therapy

박진화,박석희,이효정,강재우,이경민,연평식 인간식물환경학회 2018 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.21 No.5

Forest therapy refers to activities that enhance the body’s immune system and improve health by utilizing various elements such as scents and landscapes. Forest therapy is expected to be used along with modern medical treatments for physical and mental illnesses. Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) are one of the important resources of forest therapy. This study compared the concentration of NVOCs by season and time, and compared the correlation between NVOCs and climatic factors (temperature, humidity and wind speed). Air samples and climatic data were measured once a month in Pinus densiflora forest in the National Center for Forest Therapy from June 2017 to May 2018 and five components such as a-Pinene, b-Pinene, Camphene, Limonene, and Camphor were analyzed for NVOCs. The concentration of NVOCs by season is highest in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. The ratio of a-Pinene among NVOCs was high in summer. The NVOCs concentration over time was highest at 5 p.m. and lowest at 8 a.m. The correlation between the climatic factors and the NVOCs concentration was statistically significant for all three factors: temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The correlation was positive between NVOCs and temperature or humidity, whereas it was negative between NVOCs and wind speed. This study concludes that forest therapy using NVOCs can be more effective when the temperature and humidity within the stands are high and the wind speed is low to maximize forest healing effects.

대기중의 O₃, SO₂, NO₂의 측정을 위한 차분흡수 라이다의 오차해석

박진화,이용우 전남대학교 촉매연구소 2000 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

In this study, we composed algorithm of DIAL(Differential Absorption Lidar). We investigated the absorption spectrum of O3, SO2, and NO2 dependent on wavelengths using the data base UV-Bank and determined the optimized wave- length model, Here, the selected optimal wavelengths are 292.00(λon), 295.20(λoff) for O3, 299.38(λon), 300.05(λoff) for SO2 and 448.00((λon), 449.85((λoff) for NO2. In particular, we established the supposed model of DIAL and simulated the error of measuring distance using the selected optimal wavelength. In the model-I with telescope of 300 mm diameter, laser energy of 3 mJ and transmission of 10000 shots, maximum distances are 4 km for O3 measurement and 5 km for SO2 and NO2 measurements, Also, in the model-II with telescope of 600 mm diameter, laser energy of 30 mJ and transmission of 10000 shots, maximum distances are 13 km for SO2 and NO2 measurements.

고차모드의 영향을 고려한 비선형 직접스펙트럼법 ( Nonlinear Direct Spectrum Method Considering the Influence of Higher Modes )

박진화,강병두,김재웅 대한건축학회 2002 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.22 No.2

종합토론 : 토론 2 ; 학술대회 종합토론 : 청소년지도사 학교배치 방안에 대한 토론

박진화 한국청소년활동학회 2014 추계 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-