정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

레이저에 의한 유리내부의 첨가이온의 전하상태 변화

임기수, 장경식, 신종호, 이수천 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2006 自然科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

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산부식된 법랑질의 재석회화 조건에 따른 특성 변화에 관한 연구 : NaF와 SnF₂의 농도효과 Effect of the concentration of NaF and SnF₂

임호남,이기수 대한치과기재학회 1997 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Enamel acid etching technique with phosphoric acid have been used for the bonding of the resinous materials to enamel. Etching the enamel with phosphoric acid forms the irregular enamel surface which is suitable for the mechanical adhesion, but the problems such as depth of etch, decalcification, increase of caries-sensitivity, and softening. Remineralization of etched enamel should be emphasized, and the typical remineralizing agent could be fluorides. The purpose of this study were to confirm the degree of recover of micro Vicker's Hardness Number of acid-etched enamel by the process of remineralization using NaF and SnF₂, and to observe the fluoride adsortion to acid etched enamel and the morphology of remineralized enamel surface with fluorides. Tooth were premolar extracted for the orthodontic treatment, etchant was a 37%-phosphoric acid solution, and fluoride containing remineralizing solutions were NaF and SnF₂aqueous solutions with the concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%. Buccal surface enamels were flattened in resin block. A control group, an acid-etched group, and 10 remineralized experimental groups after acid-etching were designed. Remineralizing durations were 72 hours. Surface hardness were measured by the mocro Vicker's Hardness Tester. After the experiments of surface hardness, two groups from NaF and SnF₂with the highest VHN values were selected. For the control group, the acid-etched group, and two selected groups, the measurement of the cross-sectional hardness from outer surface into inner side and the fluoride adsorption amount onto enamel, and the observation of morphology were done on scanning electron microscope. The following conclusions could be drawn : 1. Hardness of enamel were decreased on half level after the acid-etching. 2. Lowered hardness values of acid-etched group were increased by the immersion into fluoride containing remineralization solution, and NaF was more effective that SnF₂. 3. NaF 2.0% remineralizing solution recovered the lowered hardness to 84.4%. 4. Increase pattern of hardness on cross-sectioned enamel were excellant on NaF. 5. Amount of fluoride adsorption onto enamel ware larger on NaF group than SnF₂ group, it filled the irregular surface formed by etching, and its micro shapes were spherical.

후방골절단술과 Skeletal anchorage system를 이용한 사악구치부압하 : 증례보고 CASES REPORT

임광수,풍무걸,김기형,이희철,김우형,김동우 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.1

The severe extrusion of the maxillary [post.teeth after the early loss of the mandibular post.teeth makes the fabrication of the mandibular prothesis difficult, and without proper planning.the treatment results are often unsatisfactoy. Several treatment modalitys have been introducted to correct the interarch space deficency.:Reduction the occlusal surfaces,Crown lengthening,Endodontics & restorative approach,Extraction, Orthodontic intrusion and segmental osteotomy. Because of many advantages,conservative method is widely used if it has no particular limits of treatment adjustment, but the cases of surgical correction indication are found in clinical experience. In our clinic,we corrected severe extruded maxillary post.teeth by performance of a unilateral posterior osteotomy with superior repositioning of the segment and orthodontic intrusion using Skeletal anchorage system,so here we reported the cases with a study of documents.

사매가 Ovalbumin감작으로 유발된 천식 생쥐 모델에서 기관지염증 억제에 미치는 영향

임중근,노성수,길기정,이영철,서영배 대한본초학회 2005 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by airway eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion, and hyper-responsiveness to both inhaled allergens and nonspecific stimuli. Eosinophil are important in the pathogenesis of asthma, with release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines, and IgE after exposure to allergen. Objectives : This research investigates the effect of the extract of Duchesnea chrysanta (EDC) on OVA-indued asthma murine model. Methods : After i.p of C57BL/6 mice, OVA sensitization (day 0) were challenged intratracheally with OVA on days 8 and 21. EDC administered weeks 8, blocked the airway inflammatory response to OVA assessed 24 h after the last OVA challenge on day 22. Results : The CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is expressed by eosinophils, mast cells, and Th2 cells. The role of CCR3 in a murine model of allergic skin inflammation induced by repeated epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA), and characterized by eosinophil skin infiltration, local expression of Th2 cytokines, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen. The administration of EDC during OVA inhalation significantly reduced CCR3 plays an essential role in eosinophil recruitment to the skin and the lung and in the development of AHR.. EDC extract reduced total lung cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway tissue eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus secretion, and peribronchial edema. The inhibitory effect on airway eosinophilia and AHR was associated with reduced levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as reduced serum levels of OVA-IgE. We show that OVA inhalation following OVA immunization increased airway responsiveness to induced IL-113, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA expression in the lung tissue. The administration of EDC during OVA inhalation significantly reduced this increased airway hyperresponsiveness and also inhibited airway inflammation. Conclusions : These results support EDC as a therapeutic target in asthma and indicate that selective EDC inhibitors can reduce allergic airway inflammation.

Ti:Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 결정의 성장과 광학 특성

이수천, 임기수, 이재봉 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 1999 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

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치과용 산부식제로서 피루빈산의 효용성에 관한 연구

임호남,박영국,이기수 대한치과기재학회 1996 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Although the phosphoric acid etching method are using widely for the bonding between enamel and resin, problems such as demineralization, depth of etch, softening are reported. Evaluations of etching efficacy of other acids are necessary to improve it. The purpose of this study was an evaluation of the possibility of substitution of pyruvic acid for phosphoric acid. Aqueous solutions of pyruvic and phosphoric acid with 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 85% concentration were prepared and used as etchants on bovine enamel surface. 11 experimental groups were planned including 0% distilled water, a control group was 40% phosphoric acid solution. Shear bond strength between etched enamel and an experimental BIS-GMA composite resin were measured using Instron, surface roughness and depth of etch were measured using profilometer, and surface topography were observed using SEM. 1. A concentration of pyruvic acid groups which showed the highest shear bond strength and surface roughness, and the significant irregular surface was 20%. 2. Shear bond strength of 20% pyruvic acid group was same with it of 40% phosphoric acid group, however values of surface roughness and depth of etch were smaller than those of 40% phosphoric acid group. 3. Depth of etch of phosphoric acid groups were increased until to 40% group and then it was decreased, depth of etch of pyruvic acid groups were increased with the rise of concentration. Pyruvic acid could be considered as a substitute etchant for phosphoric acid with same bond strength and smaller surface roughness and depth of etch, and its optimal concentration was assumed smaller than 20%.

이소 맹출한 하악 측절치의 교정적 치험례

임현화,김용수,장기택,김종철 대한소아치과학회 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

이소 맹출(ectopic eruption)은 치배가 그 발생지에서부터 정상 맹출 경로가 변화된 것을 의미한다. 즉, 치아가 치조골 혹은 기저골의 어느 위치에서 정상 맹출 과정에서 벗어나 비정상적인 위치나 방향으로 맹출하게 됨을 말한다. 이에 대한 다른 예로써 보다 드물고 특별한 치아 이상으로 전위(transposition)가 있는 데, 이는 같은 치열궁상에서 치아의 위치가 서로 바뀐 것을 말한다. 본 증례는 하악 측절치가 혼합치열기 초기에 제 1 유구치 하방으로 이소 맹출중인 치아 이상을 보여주는 데, 이 하악 측절치의 치관은 원심으로 심하게 경사졌고, 인접 유견치와 제 1 유구치의 치근 흡수를 야기하고 있다. 이와 같은 맹출 이상의 원인은 아직 확실히 규명되지 않았으나 현재 다음의 몇가지 원인을 생각할 수 있다.; (1)과거의 외상 병력, (2)유치의 만기 잔존, (3)유치의 조기 탈락, (4)유전적 요인. 치료법으로는 조기의 interceptive treatment와 보다 나중의 definitive treatment로 구분된다. 이소 맹출하는 하악 측절치는 인접 견치와 완전 전위되는 경향이 있으므로 조기의 교정적 간섭이 요구된다. 이는 이후의 영구치 발거나 완전 전위를 예방할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 측절치의 이소 맹출을 바로잡는 데 있어서 고려해야할 중요한 요인은 치료 시기로써 일반적으로 혼합 치열기의 inter-transitional period 초기에 발육 중인 견치에서부터 멀리 떨어져 있을 때, 해당 측절치의 levelling과 근심화가 시행되어야 할 것이다. 본 증례는 아직 영구 견치가 맹출하기 이전인 혼합 치열기 초기에 적극적인 교정적 처치를 시행하여 이소 맹출중인 측절치를 본래 위치로 유도하였다. 주요어 : 이소 맹출, 전위, 교정적 간섭 Ectopic eruption should be understood as a change in the course of the normal eruption path of a dental bud at any moment its origin. An example of this alteration is the dental transposition, a rare and more specific dental anomaly that may be defined as a change of position between two teeth. This case shows ectopic eruption of transposed mandibular lateral incisor beneath primary first molar at the first transitional period of the mixed dentition. The crown of the lateral incisor has tipped distally, compelling root resorption and exfo1iation of the adjacent primary cuspid and primary first molar. The reason for such eruption is not elearIy understood, but it may involve ; (1)trauma history. (2)prolonged retention of the deciduous teeth. (3) premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth. and (4)genetic factor. Treatment is divided into interceptive and definitive treatment. Ectopically erupting mandibular incisor tends to become transposed with the adjacent cuspid and thus seems to warrant early orthodontic intervention Early treatment may obviate later extraction of transposition of the incisor and canine in the permanent dentition. Timing is an important factor to be considered regarding in the correction of the lateral incisor transposition. This case advocates treatment with an active orthodontic therany at the early stage of the mixed dentition. before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.

무수프탈산을 취급하는 근로자들의 알레르기 질환 유병 실태

임현술,김수근,김기식 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Phthalic anhydride(PA) is widely used in the production of alkyd and unsaturated polyester resins. It has been reported that some workers exposed to PA have developed dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The authors intended to investigate the prevalence of PA induced allergic diseases and to develop preventive measures of occupational diseases. Forty-five male workers from PA production and handling were selected as an exposure group. Forty-four male workers not handling PA at tie same factory were chosen as a reference group. A symptom questionnaire, doctor's examination, eosinophil count, serum-total IgE and PA-specific IgE were done on the subjects. There were no significant differences in age, educational level. tenure or smoking habits between groups. Most clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among the exposure group than the reference group: sneezing(62.2%), rhinorrhea(57.8%), nasal stuffiness(53.3%), coughing(44.4%) and nasal itching(35.6%) were the major symptoms among the exposure group(p<0.01, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in eosinophil count and serum-total IgE between groups but the mean level in PA-specific IgE, in the exposure group, was statistically significantly higher than the reference group(p<0.01). Abnormal rates of eosinophil count, serum-total IgE and PA-specific IgE were not significantly different from each other. The prevalence rate was 68.9%(31 cases) for allergic rhinitis in the exposure group, statistically significantly higher than the reference group(p<0.01). The prevalence rate was 6.7%(3 cases) for bronchial asthma and contact dermatitis in the exposure group, not more statistically significant than the reference group. In the exposure group, the prevalence rate for age, educational level, tenure, smoking habits and use of protective devices are not statistically significant. In PA specific IgE, sensitivity is 10.8%, specificity is 100.0%, positive predictability is 100.0% and negative predictability is 61.2% when criteria point is 3.5 KU/ιor above. As a result, it was recognized that the exposure group had a high prevalence of PA induced allergic rhinitis. Also, in diagnosis of PA induced allergic diseases, medical histories and specific symptoms were the most important where as eosinophil count, serum-total IgE are the only indirect informations. PA-specific IgE has been needed to evaluate the meanings more.

원자력 발전소 근로자에서 업무상 질병으로 인정받은 급성 골수성 백혈병 1예

임현술,정해관,김수근,박병찬,이관 약업신문사 1983 의약정보 Vol.9 No.-