현대화 온실의 투자분석

이광원,임재환,이두희 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1997 농업과학연구 Vol.24 No.2

The number of modernized green houses have been increased to produce high quality and high-pay off farm products. The unit investment costs per pyeong(3.3058㎡) for building a glass house was estimated at 449 thousand won. On the other hand, the unit prices for the PC house with iron frame and the vynil house with automatic control system were revealed 365 thousand won and 93 thousand won respectively. The main objective of the study was to identify the financial feasibility of the green house investment prevailed in rural area. At present, some farmers have selected the green house without any consideration of profitability of crops and accessibility of their farming practices and technology. For the soundness of green house cultivation and management, the indices of finacial efficiency for the modernized green houses were necessary. The decesion making criteria such as NPV(Net Present Value), IRR(Internal Rate of Return), B/C Ratio and Payback Period were analyzed for the individual high investment facilities considering the present farmer's technology and on-farm benefits and costs. The results of the feasibility analysis of green houses were as follows: 1. In case of 100% private burden of the investment costs, NPV revealed only positive value for the vinyl house with automatic system and IRR for the house was also estimated at more than 10% and B/C Ratio was amounted to more than 1.0. On the other hand, the other glass and PC houses showed negative NPV and unacceptable B/C ratio and IRR. 2. In case of the following terms and conditions as 50% Government subsidy, 20% loans and 30% farmers burden of the total investment cost, all the green houses showed acceptable IRR. B/C Ratio and NPV. 3. The financial feasibility of the glass house was acceptable in tomato cultivation rather than in cucumber cultivation. The payback periods of cucumber were represented as 8.9 years for glass house, 8.5 years for PC house and 4.1 years for vinyl house with automatic system respectively. In conclution, the glass and PC house cultivation of high value vegetables were only acceptable under the Government subsidy and loan systems from the view point of farmer's financial situations. On account of the unacceptable economic rate of return, the government subsidy and loan policy for glass house cultivation should be transfered to the vinyl and pc houses in the future.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

하악의 교정용 미니 임플랜트 식립 부위에서의 피질골 두께와 치근간 거리 : 3차원으로 재구성한 CT 영상을 이용한 연구

임주은,임원희,전윤식 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.6

교정용 미니 임플랜트의 식립 부위에 대한 연구는 주로 구치부 치근사이 공간에 집중되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 전치에서 구치에 이르는 치아간의 피질골 두께와 치근간 거리를 측정함으로써 교정용 미니 임플랜트 식립 시에 참고 할 수 있는 임상적 지침을 제공하는 것이다. 연구를 위해 성인 28명(남자 14명, 여자 14명)의 CT를 V-works 4.0 을 이용하여 3차원 영상으로 전환하였다. 중절치에서 제2대구치에 이르는 모든 치아 사이를 치간 접촉점을 지나면서 교합 평면에 수직이 되도록 잘라 90° 단면을 형성한 후 치조정으로부터 높이를 달리하여 0, 15, 30, 45° 의 각도를 주어 피질골의 두께를 측정하였다. 또한 치조정으로부터 2, 4, 6 mm 높이에서 교합 평면에 평행하게 잘라 90° 단면을 만든 후 치근간 거리를 측정하였다. 피질골의 두께는 전치부에서 구치부로 갈수록 두꺼워지는 경향을 보였으며, 5-6과 1-1 사이, 6-7과 1-1, 1-2, 2-3 사이에서는 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 치조정으로부터 2 mm 높이를 제외한 대부분의 위치에서 각도가 증가함에 따라 피질골의 두께가 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 4 - 6 mm 높이에 식립시 30 - 45˚ 이상의 각도를 부여해야 피질골 보유량(engage 양)에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 치근간 거리 측정 결과 4-5, 5-6, 6-7 사이가 치근 손상 없이 미니 임플랜트를 식립하기에 적절한 위치라고 볼 수 있었고, 1-1과 1-2 사이는 미니 임플랜트 식립을 위한 충분한 치근간 거리를 제공하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과로 볼 때 피질골과 미니임플랜트의 접촉면을 증가시키기 위해서는 치조정에서 치근단부로 4와 6 mm 되는 부위에서 30˚ 또는 45˚ 로 식립하는 것이 유리할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to provide clinical guidelines to indicate the best location for mini-implants as it relates to the cortical bone thickness and root proximity. Methods: CT images from 14 men and 14 women were used to evaluate the buccal interradicular cortical bone thickness and root proximity from mesial to the central incisor to the 2nd molar. Cortical bone thickness was measured at 4 different angles including 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in cortical bone thickness between the second premolar/ first permanent molar site, central incisor/central incisor site, between the first/second permanent molar site and in the anterior region. A statistically significant difference in cortical bone thickness was also found when the angulation of placement was increased except for the 2 mm level from the alveolar crest. Interradicular spaces at the 1st/2nd premolar, 2nd premolar/1st permanent molar and 1st/2nd permanent molar sites are considered to be wide enough for mini-implant placement without root damage. Conclusions: Given the limits of this study, mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage may be well placed at the 4 and 6 mm level from the alveolar crest in the posterior region with a 30° and 45° angulation upon placement.

7β-Hydroxycholesterol이 사람 백혈암에 대한 세포 독성 효과

임희경,현진원 제주대학교 생명과학기술혁신센터 2002 제주생명과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The cytotoxic activity of 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) has been evaluated using various leukemia cell lines by MTT test. Among the tested cell lines, 7β-OHC showed to be more cytotoxic to THP-1, human monocytic leukemia cell line. IC50 value of 7β-OHC on THP-1 was 10μM. Kinetic of on THP-1 showed that growth of THP-1 began to decrease at 36 h after treatment 7β-OHC. 7β-OHC induced apoptosis shown by DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis. 7β-OHC induced apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Taken together, these results suggested that treatment with 7β-OHC inhibits the proliferation of THP-1 cells through apoptosis.

실험실적 당뇨성 흰쥐에서 acetaminophen의 대사에 관한 연구

임은주,윤병재,윤병재,조희숙,김대재,최종원 경성대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏報 Vol.10 No.1

Acetaminophen is one of the most important drugs used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain when an anti-inflammatory effect is not necessary. Phenacetin, a prodrug that is metabolized to acetaminophen, is more toxic than its active metabolite and has no rational indications. In this study, we were observed activities of free radical generating enzymes, free radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione-related enzymes as well as detoxification mechanism of against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rat. Activities of cytochrome p450, cytochrome b5, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were changed by the treatment acetaminophen in hyperglycemic rats. It was also observed that activities of conjugating enzymes as sulfotransferase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase was slightly changes against acetaminophen-induced in hyperglycemic rats. Acetaminophen results in the significantly decrease in the level of hepatic glutathione concentration and √-glutamylcysteon, synthetase activities in hyperglycemic rats. And, glutathine S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased against acetaminophen-inducedas in hyperglycemic rats. Glutathione reductase and catalase were not affected for experimental state. Furthemore, acetaminophen highered serum alanine, aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, √-glutamylpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in hyperglycemic rats. Key Words: Hepatotoxicity, D/M, Acetaminophen, Glutathione, Glutathlone S-transferase, √-glutamylcystein synthetase

중압 배전망에서의 전력선 통신을 위한 OFDM 기법의 성능 분석

임장규,김산해,장희동,이원철,신요안 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Recently, PLC (Power Line Communication) on medium voltage power lines have been gaining much attention for high data rate access networking. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) schemes on medium voltage power line channels in the frequency range up to 20 ㎒. We analyze fading characteristics of multi-path channel models for medium voltage power lines, and simulations have been carried out for the OFDM using adaptive bit loading scheme. Simulation results indicate that the OFDM schemes with the adaptive bit loading show good bit error rate performance under harsh medium voltage power lines channel.

일반 피부관리실과 프랜차이즈 피부관리실의 고객 이용만족도와 선택기준

임희야,김원중 인제대학교 2008 仁濟論叢 Vol.23 No.1

The main objective of this paper is to examine customer satisfaction and selection criteria of general and franchise skin care shops and to analyze them from the marketing perspective, so that the results can be utilized in establishing management strategies of this health business. Based on this objective, an interview survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for the customers of several skin care shops located in Busan-Kyongnam area during the period of 3/1-3/30/2007, and data from 481 respondents were utilized in the final analysis. Survey items included general characteristics of the customers(age, marital status, income, etc), their skin care utilization statistics, and various factors of customer satisfaction and skin care shop selection criteria based on marketing 4P(product, price, place, promotion). SPSS(version 10.0) was used to process the data. Major findings are as follows : 1) General characteristics of the respondents showed that age of 25-30, high school graduates and unmarried persons were most frequent. As for the household monthly income, the group of '2-3 million Won' was most frequent. 2) In terms of marketing mix(4P), the most important selection criterion for skin care shop appeared to be quality, followed by price, promotion and access(convenience). 3) Regarding the comparison of the customer satisfaction between general and franchise skin care shops, 'effect of care', 'unique techniques of the shop', 'respect for the customer's opinion' and 'accurate assessment of the skin condition' were more evaluated for the general shops, while 'interior facilities' and 'convenience in accessibility' were more evaluated for the franchise shops. 4) Regression analysis showed that, for the general shops, household monthly income was found to be the significant factor affecting the satisfaction level, whereas for the franchise shops, age, marital status and skin health condition were the significant factors. 5) These results imply that the successful marketing strategy for the franchise skin care shops should target 'young wives' with emphasis on 'new trend' interior facilities and convenience in accessibility.

상어 간유 흡인에 의한 급성 지방성 폐렴 1예 : 증례보고

임성경,옥철호,김희규,장태원,정만홍 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

저자들은 상어 간유를 과량 복용하고 기침, 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원한 48세 여자 환자에서 방사선 소견과 기관지 폐포 세척액 검사를 통해 급성 지방성 폐렴으로 진단하고 스테로이드에 불응하는 경과를 취하자 우측 전폐 기관지 폐포 세척술을 시행하여 폐 병변과 증상의 호전을 보인 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Acute lipoid pneumonia is uncommon condition of the lungs that results from the aspiration of vegetable, animal, or mineral oils. Shark liver oil (so called Squalene) is taken as a traditional remedy in some Asian countries, and is used widely also in cosmetics. It results in foreign body type inflammatory reaction of the lung and can show various clinical presentations from asymptomatic incidental finding to severe pneumonia leading to acute respiratory failure. Although many cases have been reported, severe lipoid pneumonia requiring steroid or whole lung lavage for treatment is rare. We experienced a case of acute lipoid pneumonia of 48 year old female with dyspnea and cough caused by regular ingestion of large amount Shark liver oil, treated by whole lung lavage. We reported this case with a brief review of related literatures.

우관상동맥 개구부 완전 폐쇄가 동반된 대동맥 판상부 협착증 1례

임상현,김종진,김희열,진승원,전희경,노태호,채장성,김재형,홍순조,최규보,윤정섭,김치경 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

Application and Inspection Potential of Ultrasonic Guided Waves in NDT

송원준,Rose, Joseph L.,정희돈,임종수 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 최신 비파괴검사기술의 국내연구 동향에 관한 워크샵 Vol.2003 No.1

유도초음파를 이용한 비파괴 검사 및 평가기법은 산업설비의 안전성 진단, 제품의 품질검사 그리고 의료분야 등 여러 분야에서 널리 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 유도초음파에 대한 간략한 개요와 파이프 내에서의 유도초음파 발생 및 Focusing, Hybrid BEM을 이용한 wave scattering 해석, 그리고 유도초음파 검사기법의 적용 사례를 기술하였다.