Current Status of Ginseng Cultivation and Soil Characteristics of Northeastern Three Provinces in China

Yang Ho Park,Jang Uk Kim,Dong Hwi Kim,Yeon Kyu Sonn,Jin Ha Yun,Huhn Pal Moon,Soo Yeon Cho 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers’ fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5∼3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0∼10.0 ha and in large scales of 30∼700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100∼130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0∼5.2, soil EC was 0.93∼3.78 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>, organic matter was 37∼35 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, nitrate nitrogen 63∼490 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, available P2O5 55∼163 mg kg-1, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30∼0.98, Ca was 6.5∼14.0, Mg was 1.1∼5.3 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP> in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10∼11 t of compost, 200∼400 kg ha<SUP>-</SUP>1 of complex fertilizer and 750 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

Current Status of Ginseng Cultivation and Soil Characteristics of Northeastern Three Provinces in China

Park, Yang Ho,Kim, Jang Uk,Kim, Dong Hwi,Sonn, Yeon Kyu,Yun, Jin Ha,Moon, Huhn Pal,Cho, Soo Yeon 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers' fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5~3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0~10.0 ha and in large scales of 30~700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100~130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0~5.2, soil EC was $0.93{\sim}3.78dS\;m^{-1}$, organic matter was $37{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$, nitrate nitrogen $63{\sim}490mg\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ $55{\sim}163mg\;kg^{-1}$, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30~0.98, Ca was 6.5~14.0, Mg was $1.1{\sim}5.3cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10~11 t of compost, $200{\sim}400kg\;ha^{-1}$ of complex fertilizer and $750kg\;ha^{-1}$ of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

일 농촌지역의 우울 증상에 관한 역학연구 -위험요인 및 요인구조분석

하양숙,홍진표,김한규,이군희,한경자,조맹제,김용익,송미순,박성애,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 세계적으로 널리 사용되는 우울증 척도인 the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)을 이용하여 지역사회 주민의 우울증상의 정도를 평가하고, 우울증상의 위험요인을 분석하고, 한국인에서 우울증상의 요인구조를 알기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 경기도 일 농촌 지역의 30세 이상 주민에 대해 무작위 군집 집락 추출을 실시하였고, 훈련된 면담원들이 가정 방문을 통하여 면접 및 자기보고 검사인 CES-D를 실시하였다. 총 1,315명에서 응답을 하였고 응답율은 59.3%이었다. 결 과 : CES-D에 의한 우울증 점수는 0∼5점이 57%정도를 차지하였고, 평균 점수는 남자 7.8점 여자 9.5점으로 비교적 낮은 편이었다. ANCOVA 분석 결과 비결혼, 저학력, 여성이라는 위험요인은 독립적으로 우울증상을 악화시키는 요인이었으나 연령은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. CES-D 결과를 요인분석을 시행한 결과 4가지 요인이 추출되었는데 우울증상 및 신체증상이 한 개의 요인으로, 다른 나라에서 보고되지 않는 정서적 고통이 별도의 요인으로 추출되었다. 결 론 : 국내 역학 조사에서도 외국과 유사한 우울점수 및 위험요인이 확인되었으나 우울증의 요인에서는 특이한 요인이 추출되었다. 한국인에 독특한 우울 반응에 관한 추가 연구가 필요하다. Objectives :The rates, correlates, and factor structure of depressive symptoms in a Korean rural sample were examined using Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). Methods : Door to door visiting survey was conducted by trained interviewers. A random cluster sample of 1,315 respondents, aged 30 and over completed the CES-D scale along with additional sociodemographic questionnaire. Results : In this sample, mean CES-D score of male and female were 7.8 and 9.5, respectively which were lower than those reported previously. Symptoms of depression were most common among the less educated, non-married and female according to ANCOVA. Age was not a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms. Different factor structures emerged from this sample as compared to other studies using this approach. Somatic symptoms and affective symptoms were combined as one factor and emotional hardship emerged as a separate factor. Conclusion : Symptoms scores and risk factors were similar to the results reported in other countries but unique factor structures were found in this study. Further research is needed about the Korean depressive symptomatology and related areas.

Wolff-Parkinson-White증후군의 임상상 및 전기생리학적 소견

안신기,이문형,장양수,오동진,최인석,하종원,임세중,김병옥,정남식,심원흠,조승연,김성순 대한순환기학회 1997 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.27 No.9

개 대뇌겉질에서 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor α-Receptor의 출생 후 발달에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

윤영,안병수,김인정,양경철,박선홍,김기훈,박도영,김장만,문정석,장인엽,조하영 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.1

Background and Objectives : The localization of platelet-derived growth factor-α receptor (PDGF-α R) was commonly restricted to oligodendrocyte progenitors during late embryonic and postnatal development. However, several studies recently demonstrated that mature neurons could also synthesize PDGF-α, Materials and Methods : In the present study, to analyze the distributional pattern of PDGF-αR during postnatal development of the canine cerebral cortex, we used immunohistochemistry on sections of canine brain tissue. Results : We found that neurons of various regions of cerebral cortex exhibited the immunoreactivity to PDGF-αR as early as postnatal day 0, and slightly decreased after postnatal day 14. Whereas neuronal PDGF-αR were maintained at all ages, the oligodendroglia-like expression of PDGF-αR could not be confirmed. Conclusion : The localization of PDGF-αR in immature and mature neurons supports the several roles of PDGF during development, protection and survival of neurons.

롤러스케이트 선수의 운동상해발생과 예방에 대한 조사 연구

김동희,김도수,채양석,이하얀,김선호,조성채 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The study was intended to research the fact of roller skate players injury. For the study, kinds and parts of injuries, skills to be hurted, facility, injured time, cause, remedy, mental response and protecting were investigated through 182 roller skate players. The results were as follows : 1. The injury body part was showed that leg was the highest and followed by knee and ankle. 2. In the cause of injury was showed as follows: skills on corner work, bank track with concrete, 200m distance. 3. In the general cause of injury was showed: chronic fatigue by over training. 4. In the treatment and participation period after injury outbreak were showed: treatment period was toward the inside 1 week and participation to play during the treatment. 5. To the injury prevention players responded warm up, and cool down and mental-concentration were needed. Supervisor, coach and players responded knee protector wearing was needed in elementary school players and helmet-chin protector wearing in general players. The game rule revision was not necessary and the agree and disagree for ground unity to resemble. Almost players to be like concrete ground.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

A Medium-Maturing, Dull Cultivar ‘Baegjinju 1’

Ha-Cheol Hong,Sae-Jun Yang,Jeom-Ho Lee,O-Young Jung,Chang-Ihn Yang,Yong-Hwan Choi,Yeon-Gyu Kim,Kyu-Seong Lee,Im-Soo Choi,Young-Chan Cho,Myeong-Ki Kim,Jeong-Il Lee,Eung-Ki Jeong,Jae-Hwan Roh,Ki-Jong Ki 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회지 Vol.44 No.1

다양한 용도의 가공용 품종을 육성할 목적으로 1995년 하계에 아밀로스함량이 낮은 일품벼 변이체 Ilpum (MNU)-10- 2-GH1-3을 모본으로 하고 양질 내도복성인 서안벼를 부본으로 교배하여 SR21716-30-2-3-1을 선발하여 ‘수원491호’로 계통명을 부여한 후 2003년-2005년 3개년 간 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2005년 12월 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 국가목록등재품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 ‘백진주1호’로 명명하였다. 출수기는 보통기 재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 20일로 ‘화성벼’보다 10일 정도 늦은 중만생종이며, 벼키는 86 cm, 이삭길이는 22 cm로 ‘화성벼’와 비슷하고, 주당수수는 10개로 ‘화성벼’보다 3개 적으나, 이삭당 벼알수는 121개로 ‘화성벼’보다 25개 많다. 도열병에는 안정적이나, 흰잎마름병 및 바이러스병과 벼멸구 및 애멸구 저항성은 약하다. ‘백진주1호’는 성숙기 하엽노화가 늦은 반면 수발아율은 ‘화성벼’에 비해 낮았고, 춘천 냉수처리 검정에서 적고발현은 적었으나, 임실율이 ‘화성벼’보다 낮았으며, 도복에 강하다. ‘백진주1호’는 단원립으로 쌀 외관은 찹쌀과 같은 뽀얀 특성을 지니고 있으나, 아밀로스함량이 11.5%로 메벼와 찰벼의 중간특성이고, 도정율은 ‘화성벼’와 비슷한 특성을 나타냈다. 보통기재배 평균 쌀 수량은 중부평야 2개소 및 남부평야 4개소에서 4.92 MT/ha로 ‘화성벼’와 남평벼보다 8% 적었으며, 재배적지는 중부평야 및 남부평야이다. ‘Baegjinju 1’ is a new Japonica rice variety developed from a cross Ilpum (MNU)-10-2-GH1-3 and ‘Seoanbyeo’ by a rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, during the period from 1995 to 2005. This variety has heading date of August 23 in central plain area of Korea. It has a good semi-elect plant type and resistance to lodging with strong culm. The number of panicles/hill of ‘Baegjinju 1’ is more than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’, and milled rice of that shows dull and medium short grain. It has very low amylose content (11.5%) and similar gelatinization temperature and good texture characteristics of cooked brown and milled rice compared with ‘Baegjinju’. It has moderate to leaf blast, but susceptible to bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pests. The yield performance of this variety is about 4.92MT/ha in milled rice in local adaptability test for three years (2003-2005). ‘Baegjinju 1’ is adaptable to central and southern plain areas of Korea

Prognostic Impact of Peripelvic Fat Invasion in pT3 Renal Pelvic Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Cho, Kang Su,Cho, Nam Hoon,Park, Sung Yul,Cho, Sung Yong,Choi, Young Deuk,Chung, Byung Ha,Yang, Seung Choul,Hong, Sung Joon Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.3

Renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), which invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma, is diagnosed as stage pT3 despite its structural complexity. We evaluated the prognostic impact of peripelvic fat invasion in pT3 renal pelvic TCC. Between 1986 and 2004, the medical records on 128 patients who were surgically treated for renal pelvic TCC were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty patients with pT3 disease were eligible for the main analysis. The prognostic impact of various clinicopathological factors was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. On univariate analysis, sex, age, concomitant bladder tumors, concomitant ureter tumors, lymphadenectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, tumor grade, multiplicity, renal parenchymal invasion, and carcinoma in situ did not influence the disease-specific survival (p>0.05). By contrast, peripelvic fat invasion, lymph node invasion, and lymphovascular invasion were each significantly associated with disease-specific survival (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that peripelvic fat invasion (p=0.012) and lymph node invasion (p=0.004) were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, peripelvic fat invasion is a strong prognostic factor in pT3 renal pelvic TCC. Thus, systemic adjuvant therapy should be considered in the presence of peripelvic fat invasion, even if the lymph nodes are not involved.

Inhibitory effects of melittin and phospholipase A2 of bee venom against rabies virus

Ha-Hyun Kim(Ha-Hyun Kim),Dong-Kun Yang(Dong-Kun Yang),Ja-Young Wang(Ja-Young Wang),In-Soo Cho(In-Soo Cho) 한국예방수의학회 2017 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.-