Effect of Photoperiod, Temperature and True-leaf Stage in Bolting Rate of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus)

Lim,Jung-Dae,Seo,Jeong-Sik,Lee,Hyeon-Yong,Kim,Jong-Dai,Lee,Jin-Ha,Yu,Chang-Yeon 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus) is potential alternative medicinal and sugar crop which accumulates a high amount of linear polyfructan, inulin in its roots. A problem in root production is that over-wintered stock plants often flower. Once the plant becomes reproductive, stem elongation and root growth slows and floral buds arise from every node, rendering the plants useless for propagation. The objectives of this research was to examine the effectiveness of manipulating environmental factors containing photoperiod, temperature and number of leaf states. The experiment was performed in growth chamber to create two photoperiods (8 h, and 16 h) with three temperature regimes (5℃/3℃, 10℃/8℃, and 15℃/13℃ day/night temperature) for a total of six treatments on three type of true-leaf stage of plant. Data of bolting rate, shoot and root length, shoot and fresh weight was invetigated in each treatments. This is the first report on changes in bolting rate and shoots and roots production during a whole growing season and differences in the effect of cold and photoperiod treatment depending on the true-leaf stage of plant.

Nitrogen-incorporated (Ba, Sr)$TiO_3$ thin films fabricated by r.f.- magnetron sputtering

Lim, Won-Taeg,Jeong, Yong-Kuk,Lee, Chang-Hyo The Korean Vacuum Society 2000 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.4 No.4

In this study, two kinds of barium strontium titanate (BST) samples were prepared. One is a conventional BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of argon and oxygen. The other is a nitrogen-incorporated BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of oxygen and intentionally added nitrogen instead of argon gas. The structural properties of both of the BST films had not changed significantly with the species of sputtering gas. However, the leakage current of BST films sputtered at ($N_2$+O$_2$) atmosphere was lower than those sputtered at (Ar +O$_2$) atmosphere: 1.9$\times$10$^{-8}$ A/cm$^2$ at 2V for the films prepared at (Ar +O$_2$) atmosphere and 8.6$\times$10$^{-9}$ A/cm$^2$ for the films at ($N_2$+O$_2$) atmosphere. From an XPS analysis, it has been found that nitrogen atoms are incorporated in BST films with a concentration of 1.92 at% and form a certain oxynitride phase. It is proposed that nitrogen atoms are able to fill the oxygen vacancies of BST films during sputtering process, and then the leakage current reduces due to a decrease in the vacancies. The BST films sputtered at ($N_2$+O$_2$) atmosphere have superior electrical properties to the films sputtered at (Ar +O$_2$), without any significant structural changes.

Ischemia-Related Changes in Galanin Expression in the Dentate Hilar Region after Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Gerbils

LEE, Hyeon Yong,HWANG, In Koo,KIM, Dae Ho,KIM, Jung Hwa,KIM, Chang Ho,LIM, Beong Ou,KANG, Tae-Cheon,BANG, Kyung Hwan,SEONG, Nak Sul,LEE, Hak Ju,KIM, Jong Dai,WON, Moo Ho Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science 2005 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.54 No.1

<P>Although galanin (GAL) protects hippocampal neurons from ischemic damage, no study has examined ischemia-related changes in endogenous GAL in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We investigated the chronological changes of GAL, well-known as the potassium channel opener, expression in the dentate gyrus at various times after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. A few GAL-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were found in the polymorphic layer of the sham-operated group. Three hours after ischemia-reperfusion, the pattern of GAL immunoreactivity was similar to that of the sham-operated group and the number of GAL-IR neurons and immunoreactivity were highest 12 h after ischemic insult. At this time, GAL-IR neurons in the polymorphic layer showed strong GAL immunoreactivity. Thereafter, GAL-IR neurons and immunoreactivity significantly decreased in the dentate hilar region. Four days after ischemic insult, GAL-IR neurons were not detectable. In addition, the results of a Western blot study showed a pattern of GAL expression similar to the immunohistochemical changes. GAL protein content also was highest 12 h after ischemia. In conclusion, the increased expression of endogenous GAL in the dentate gyrus after ischemia is related to response to the ischemic damage.</P>

Nitrogen - incorporated (Ba, Sr)TiO₃ thin films fabricated by r.f. - magnetron sputtering

Won Taeg Lim,Yong Kuk Jeong,Chang Hyo Lee 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2000 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.4 No.4

In this study, two kinds of barium strontium titanate (BST) samples were prepared. One is a conventional BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of argon and oxygen. The other is a nitrogen-incorporated BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of oxygen and intentionally added nitrogen instead of argon gas. The structural properties of both of the BST films had not changed significantly with the species of sputtering gas. However, the leakage current of BST films sputtered at (N₂+O₂) atmosphere was lower than those sputtered at (Ar +O₂) atmosphere: 1.9×10^(-8) A/㎤ at 2V for the films prepared at (Ar +O₂) atmosphere and 8.6×10^(-9) A/㎤ for the films at (N₂+O₂) atmosphere. From an XPS analysis, it has been found that nitrogen atoms are incorporated in BST films with a concentration of 1.92 at% and form a certain oxynitride phase. It is proposed that nitrogen atoms are able to fill the oxygen vacancies of BST films during sputtering process, and then the leakage current reduces due to a decrease in the vacancies. The BST films sputtered at (N₂+ O₂) atmosphere have superior electrical properties to the films sputtered at (Ar +O₂), without any significant structural changes.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

시험관 및 동물실험 모델에서 유리규산에 의한 아포프토시스

김지홍,장황신,박영만,안병용,김경아,임영 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Silica exposure results in acute inflammatory response followed by chronic fibrotic change. The mechanism for the maintenance of silica-induced inflammation has not been understood yet. Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of programed cell death that plays major role during homeostasis and in many diseases including cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders. Apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation. To demonstrate the involvement of apoptosis in underlying mechanism for the development of silica-induced pathological changes, this study was designed in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro study, alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) was stimulated with silica and performed flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis. In in vivo study, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)was done to count the total and apoptotic cells from silica-instilled rats. The results were as follows: 1. Apoptotic cell fraction of silica-treated groups (10 and 50 ㎍/㎠) was significantly higher than that of control group. 2. Genomic DNA from silica-treated groups (10 and 50㎍/㎠) showed DNA ladder in agarose gel electrophoresis, while group of 1 ㎍/㎠ didn't. 3. Total cell number and apoptotic cell number of BAL fluid from silica-instilled rats (10, 20 and 40mg/kg) were significantly higher than those of control. 4. Silica induced apoptosis of cells in BAL fluid was confirmed by microscopic observation with nuclear fragmentation. These results suggest that apoptosis may contribute to development of silica-induced pathological changes.

安東地域住民의 生活體育에 대한 意識構造와 活性化方案

林銖遠,朴根守,張龍洙 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1992 體育學會誌 Vol.20 No.-

The primary purpose of this study was to elucidate structure of consciouness about An-Dong Citizen's life be in sports and grope a device of activation. In order to meet this purpose, 977 questionnaires was analyzed according to sex, age, education, occupation and income. The results were as follows; 1) 84.4% of whole subjects felt necessity of Life be in Sports in every day life. in view of sex, 87.3% of males and 81.5% of females felt the necessity. 2) 81.8% of subjects regarded life be in sports as means of health improvement. 3) About the local facilities of life be in sports, only 9.4% of subjects satisfied and 64.9% of subjects revealed dissatisfaction. 4) Preference order in relation to the expansion of facilities appeared as follews; swimming pool(26.9%), tennis court(18.6%), gymnasium(11.4%). badminton court(11.5%), aerobic hall(5.8%) and bowling range(4.2%). 5) About making sport club, 82.4% of Whole subjects revealed affirmative answer. 6) About present participation in life be in sports, 30.1% of subjects answered being participated, but 69.9% subjects answered not being participated. 7) About necessity of coach of Life be in soprts, 66.0% of subjects felt the necessity. 8) The main reason of not attendance in Life be in sports were lack of leisure, economical difficulty, insufficiency of facilities. 9) 13.0% of subjects wanted to participate in tennis, 11.7% to swimming, 11.3% to badminton, 8.6% to mountaineering, 7.6% to aerobic, and 6.9% to bowling if circumstance permit. and then, the major device for activation of life be in sports were utilization and expansion of facilities, development of program, arrangement and nurture of coach, public information about life be in sports, support and construction of sports club, financial and administrative support.

Improved Micropropagation of Root Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus.

Lim,Jung-Dae,Yang,Deok-Chun,Lee,Hyeon-Yong,Kim,Jong-Dai,Lee,Jin-Ha,Sung,Eun-Soo,Yu Chang-Yeon 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L^-1 and 0.1 mg NAA L^-1. Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.

상아질 결합제의 종류와 처리방법에 따른 전단결합강도와 상아질-레진 결합계면 미세구조에 관한 연구

임창하,이용렬,정영화,송호준,박영준 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentin bonding agents (DBA) with the variations of the bonding system generations (4^th, 5^th and 6^th) and application methods by comparing the shear bond strengths (SBS) which were determined 24 h after application and dentin-adhesive interface microstructure. It was also aimed to suggest the theoretical clues for the adequate use of each bonding systems. The parameters were 1) generation of bonding systems (one product of 4^th, eight products of 5^th, and three products of 6^th generation), 2) moisture condition of the dentin surface after acid conditioning (moist group vs. dry group), 3) solvent type of the primers (three acetone-based, one acetone/ethanol-based, two water/ethanol-based, four water-based, one ethanol-based, one water/acetone-based), and 4) type of etchants (seven with phosphoric acid, three with self-etching primer, and one with 10-3 etchant). The results were as follows; One-bottle adhesives had comparable shear bond strengths compared to multiple component bonding agents, and some showed even higher results. Single Bond had the highest SBS value (20.6 ㎫) in the moist subgroup. For 4th and 5th generation DBAs, except for Mac Bond Ⅱ, all bonding systems showed lower SBS when dentin became desiccated after the conditioning-rinsing step, and generally shorter resin tags were produced in dry condition. Acetone-based adhesives generally showed better penetrability into dentinal tubules, and tended to be more sensitive to the degree of dentin dampness compared to those of the ethanol- or water-based adhesives. With Mac Bond Ⅱ which uses a self-etching primer, even though the hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of 1∼2 μ m, SBS was comparatively high. In the case of 6^th generation DBAs, Prompt L-Pop showed significantly lower SBS to dentin (7.4 ㎫) compared to those of AQ bond (13.3 ㎫) and One-Up Bond F (13.1 ㎫)(p<0.05). The hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of about 1μ m. In the case of AQ bond and One-Up Bond F, dentinal tubules were relatively well sealed. In the case of Prompt L-Pop, on the other hand, some of the dentinal tubules were not completely sealed, and fractured resin tags and separation between the hybrid layer and composite resin were observed. In the case of AQ bond, about 15μ m-thick resin layer was formed and many of the adhesive resin tags could not penetrate deep into the dentinal tubules. In the case of One-Up Bond F, many resin tags which are more than 50μ m-long were formed, but short penetration was also seen in some tubules. It is concluded that even though resin tag formation contributes in some extent for the bond strength, sufficient penetration of the adhesive resin to the exposed collagen meshwork and complete curing there in, and having sufficient strength to withstand the stress caused by the polymerization shrinkage during the light curing is essential for the success of the bonding procedure.

조선대학교 의과대학 의학과 학사편입학제도의 전향적 검토

임성철,박상기,도남용,박상학,이승일,송창훈,박종 조선의대 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1