Which Environmental Factors Caused Lammas Shoot Growth of Korean Red Pine?

Lee, Chang-Seok,Song, Hye-Gyung,Kim, Hye-Soo,Lee, Bit-Na-Ra,Pi, Jeong-Hoon,Cho, Yong-Chan,Seol, Eun-Sil,Oh, Woo-Seok,Park, Sung-Ae,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.1

Lammas growth, a rare phenomenon for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), occurred in 2006. Lammas shoots showed higher frequency and longer length in Seoul's hotter urban center than in urban boundary or suburban forest sites. Frequency and length showed a close correlation with urbanization density and vegetation cover expressed in NDVI. Air temperature in the late summer of 2006 was more than $1^{\circ}C$ higher than an average year. Of the predominant environmental signals that modulate bud flush, only temperature changed significantly during the year. Differences in temperature between the urban centers, urban boundaries and suburban forests correlated with varying land-use density. The rise in temperature likely spurred lammas growth of the Korean red pine. Symptoms of climate change are being detected throughout the world, and its consequences will be clearer in the future. Considerate interest in the responses of ecological systems to the variable changes is required to prepare for unforeseeable crises. Monitoring of diverse ecological phenomena at Long Term Ecological Research sites could offer harbingers of change.

보조호르몬요법을 받는 여성 유방암 환자의 모발 변화와 치료 실태에 대한 기초 연구

이재경 ( Jae Kyung Lee ),김창현 ( Chang-hyun Kim ),홍동균 ( Dongkyun Hong ),정경은 ( Kyung Eun Jung ),서영준 ( Young-joon Seo ),김창덕 ( Chang-deok Kim ),이진선 ( Jin Sun Lee ),권인선 ( In Sun Kwon ),박상현 ( Sanghyun Park ),이영 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.7

Background: Hormone therapy, which includes tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, is the most common adjuvant therapy used for breast cancer. However, only a few studies have reported endocrine therapy induced alopecia. Objective: We investigated the effects of long-term adjuvant hormone therapy on hair in patients with breast cancer, in addition to patients’ concerns and current treatment for hair loss. Methods: Patients completed a questionnaire that included information on self-perceived hair changes after each adjuvant therapy session, distress, and current treatment for hair loss. Using a folliscope, we measured hair density and thickness in each patient and in healthy controls. Results: The study included 93 patients with breast cancer (mean age 51.9±9.8 years). The density and hair thickness were 106.36±21.85 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the patient group and 147.86±30.67 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the control group (n=98, mean age 52.10±8.40 years), respectively. The mean hair density was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group; however, no statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in hair thickness. Among 76 patients who perceived hair changes after adjuvant therapy, 71.1% (n=54) were distressed with regard to hair changes. However, only 7.8% of the patients, including two who were treated by dermatologists, currently received treatment for hair changes. Conclusion: Dermatologists should be familiar with hair changes in patients with breast cancer and provide appropriate education to encourage patients to consult dermatologists for hair loss and thinning after breast cancer treatment. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(7):521∼526)

노인운동의 변화단계에 따른 의사결정 균형에 대한 연구

김소인,전영자,박은숙,김순용,장성옥,이평숙,이숙자 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose : This study was carried out to identify the factor of decisional balance for exercise. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when the elderly decide to do exercise. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for exercise to which the elderly belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influence the stage of change for exercise in the elderly. Methods : Convenient samples of 198 subjects over age 60 in Seoul(mean age=70) were selected from community living, mentally competent older adults and the data was collected from April 1, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise(Marcus & Owen., 1992), Stage of Change Measure(Marcus et al, 1992). The data was analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to stage of change measure, without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for exercise : 50 subjects(26.1%), 7 subjects(3.6%), 52 subjects(27.2%), 4 subjects(2%), and 78 subjects(40.8%) belonged to the pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for excise of the elderly and named by researchers; 1)'Perceived Physical-psychological benefit', 2)'Perceived Physical-psychological burden', and 3)'Perceived time burden'. 3. The analysis of variance showed that the two components Perceived Physical - psychological benefit(F=45.95, p=.0001), and Perceived Physical-psychological burden(F=26.52, P=.001) were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that both 'Self Perceived Physical-Psychological benefit' and 'Perceived Physical-Psychological burden' were the influential variables in discriminating the three stages of change(pre-contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion: Results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention about especially the factors relating to decision making for exercise of the elderly in the different stages of change of exercise.

新羅·伽耶土器 編年에 關한 硏究

李殷昌 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1981 연구논문집 Vol.23 No.2

Ⅰ The earthenware depicting the traditional culture of the Sinla and Kaya dynasty continued the historical lineage of earthenware. The influx from China greatly influenced its development and increased production in the Nakdong river area as well as Kyung-Ju, the east coast, and south coast. Research indicates that earthenware was a daily utensil in that these items have been found in the shell tombs of the dead is indicative to their usuage as a utensil for rituals and funeral rites. Accordingly, I excavated the many tombs from the Sinla and Kaya dynasties located in Kyung-Ju, especially the area of Hwagnam-Dong and Inwang-Dong in Kyung-Ju and Kenam-Ri, Kuam-Dong in Chang-Nyung. With the earthenware discovered mainly from these graves and from the site of vessel product, I investigated and researched the earthenware of the Sinla and Kaya dynasties. While doing so, I have possibly discovered the chronological order of the earthenware of these two dynasties. Fortunately with the financial support from the "Industrial-Educational Co-operation Board", I was able to investigate the chronological order of the earthenwares. For this, I express a cordial thank. Simultaneously, I classified the chronological investigation of the earthenware from the Sinla and kaya dynasties and arranged the materials and report the chronological arrangement of the earthenware. Ⅱ Of course, it is not an easy task to arrange chronologically such items which cover a span of time that is wide-spread and shows a varied number of features. Therefore, I have first of all made a chronological investigation focusing on the Kaya earthenware spread over the area of the source of Nakdong River. among the various types of earthenware, I have selected mounted cup which shows relative feature changes and use it as the basis for deciding the chronological order of these potteries. By examing the process f formulation and development of the pottery around the Nakdong river, I can classify the earthenwares of this dynasty into 4 periods: (1) The seedling and primitive period of development; (2) the formulating period where we find the genuine model of the pottery; (3) the fully developed period; and (4) the latter or refinning period of development. (1) The earthenware of the seedling and primitive period of development: The earthenware from the Ungchon tombs made of shells located in the southcoast of Nakdong River and graves in S대-Dong. U-dong, Nang-Dong, Yean-Dong, Hwamyung-dong, were in the iron age about 1-2 century A.D. Looking at these areas, I can depict that there must have already been the formation of a primitive type of earthenware in the seedling period. (2) The model of earthenware from the developing period: A group of old tombs discovered in Hwamyung-Dong, Oryun-Dae, Yean-ri in pusan, and a second old tomb found in Ja-in, Buksa-Dong in the middle region of Nakdong River are small tomb of stone wall. the earthenware excavated from these areas formed the model type of the earthenware of the Sinla and kaya dynasties. (3) The earthenware of middle period at its fully development: About in 300-500 A.D. when the culture of old tombs were fully developed in Sinla-Kaya province, there were picturesque potteries excavated from the high old tomb, such as Bukcheon-Dong the first old tomb in Pusan, the 14th old tomb at Kenam-Ri of Chang-Nyung, the 56th old tomb at Kuam-Dong of Hyup-Gok and the 44th, 45th old tomb at Jisan-Dong of Koryung. (4) The transforming period of the latter period: When it reached, about 500-600 A.D. the culture of the high old tomb. The earthenwares mainly consisted of mounted cups discovered from the (A) area of Kesung old tomb were the type of potteries in declining days of Sinla-Kaya dynasties earthenware and the type changing into burialurn with stamped designs in the United Kaya Kingdom. Ⅲ The earthenware of Sinla and Kaya dynasty appeared first in the iron age (100-200 A.D.), began to develop in the era of three kingdoms, and made three processes and development. this reached the top of the golden era of the Korean earthenware culture.

Surface Morphology Control of Polymer Films by Electron Irradiation and Its Application to Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Lee, Eun Je,Jung, Chan-Hee,Hwang, In-Tae,Choi, Jae-Hak,Cho, Sung Oh,Nho, Young-Chang American Chemical Society 2011 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.3 No.8

<P>A simple and controllable one-step method to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films is developed on the base of electron irradiation. When the thickness of PTFE films is higher than the penetration depth of electron beams, electrical charging occurs at the surface of the films because of the imbalance between the accumulation of incident electrons and the emission of secondary electrons. Local inhomogeneity of charge distribution due to this electrical charging results in the nonuniform decomposition of PTFE molecular bonds. As electron fluence increases, surface morphology and surface roughness of the films are dramatically changed. An extremely rough surface with micrometer-sized pores is produced on the surface of PTFE films by electron irradiation at a fluence higher than 2.5 × 10<SUP>17</SUP> cm<SUP>–2</SUP>.Because of high surface roughness, the irradiated PTFE films exhibit superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle (CA) greater than 150° at fluences ranging from 4 × 10<SUP>17</SUP> to 1 × 10<SUP>18</SUP> cm<SUP>–2</SUP>. The surface morphology and corresponding water CA can be controlled by simply changing the electron fluence. This electron irradiation method can be applicable to the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces using other low-surface-energy materials including various fluoropolymers.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2011/aamick.2011.3.issue-8/am200464a/production/images/medium/am-2011-00464a_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am200464a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

Gene profile of fibroblasts identify relation of CCL8 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Lee, Jong-Uk,Cheong, Hyun Sub,Shim, Eun-Young,Bae, Da-Jeong,Chang, Hun Soo,Uh, Soo-Taek,Kim, Young Hoon,Park, Jong-Sook,Lee, Bora,Shin, Hyoung Doo,Park, Choon-Sik BioMed Central 2017 Respiratory research Vol.18 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the complex interaction of cells involved in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Global gene expression of a homogenous cell population will identify novel candidate genes.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Gene expression of fibroblasts derived from lung tissues (8 IPF and 4 controls) was profiled, and ontology and functional pathway were analyzed in the genes exhibiting >2 absolute fold changes with <I>p</I>-values < 0.05. <I>CCL8</I> mRNA and protein levels were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA. <I>CCL8</I> localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>One hundred seventy eight genes differentially expressed and 15 genes exhibited >10-fold change. Among them, 13 were novel in relation with IPF. <I>CCL8</I> expression was 22.8-fold higher in IPF fibroblasts. The levels of <I>CCL8</I> mRNA and protein were 3 and 9-fold higher in 14 IPF fibroblasts than those in 10 control fibroblasts by real-time PCR and ELISA (<I>p</I> = 0.022 and <I>p</I> = 0.026, respectively). The <I>CCL8</I> concentrations in BAL fluid was significantly higher in 86 patients with IPF than those in 41 controls, and other interstitial lung diseases including non-specific interstitial pneumonia (<I>n</I> = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (<I>n</I> = 20) and sarcoidosis (<I>n</I> = 19) (<I>p</I> < 0.005, respectively). Cut-off values of 2.29 pg/mL and 0.43 pg/mL possessed 80.2 and 70.7% accuracy for the discrimination of IPF from NC and the other lung diseases, respectively. IPF subjects with <I>CCL8</I> levels >28.61 pg/mL showed shorter survival compared to those with lower levels (<I>p</I> = 0.012). <I>CCL8</I> was expressed by α-SMA-positive cells in the interstitium of IPF.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Transcriptome analysis identified several novel IPF-related genes. Among them, <I>CCL8</I> is a candidate molecule for the differential diagnosis and prediction of survival.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0493-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

만성 신부전증 환자의 중중 고혈당에 따른 의식 변화 결정에 대한 연구

위형중,이창범,박성광,강성귀,임천규,박은주,윤경택,한상웅,안유헌,김호중· 대한신장학회 2000 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.19 No.6

기관지 방선균증의 임상 1례

이은영,장태원,정만홍,옥철호,이규원,손창배,이지숙,신은경,서정아,백종현,김영옥 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection, whitch infiltrates mucosa-associated tissues. Thoracic, pelvic and cervicofacial infections of actinomyces are not uncommon, but endobronchial actinomycosis is rarely reported. We report a case of a 29 year old man who presented with a recurrent pneumonia and chronic cough. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed occlusion of the right. lower medio-basal segment bronchus with exophytic endobronchial mass. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically by demonstration of sulfur granules in the bronchoscopic biopsy of the mass. Intravenous administration of amoxacillin and clindamycin followed by oral amoxacillin and clindamycin therapy resulted in complete recovery.

cDNA array 방법을 이용한 망간에 노출된 흰쥐 뇌기저핵의 유전자발현 분석

이채관,노성민,문덕환,,김정호,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,김정원,김종은,안진홍,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis. Methods: For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 ㎎/㎏ B. W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ㎖) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 ㎎/㎏ B. W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reverse-transcribed in the presence of [α^(32)P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array Ⅱ and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression. Results: Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twenty-eight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap 1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap 1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose ( 0.2 ㎎/㎏ B.W./day). Conclusions: Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.